CONTENTS

CONTENTS

18. What is a Participle? 60

Present Participle 60
Past Participle 61
19. What is the Past Tense? 63
Le Passé composé (present perfect) 63
Selection of the auxiliary “avoir” or “être” 64
Agreement of the past participle 64
L’Imparfait (imperfect) 66
Selection: “le passé composé” or “l’imparfait” 66
study Tips — LE passé Composé 68

20.
21. What
What is
is the
the Past Perfect
Future Tense?Tense? 69
72
The Immediate Future 73
Study Tips — the future tense 74
22. What is the Future Perfect Tense? 75
23. What is Meant by Mood? 77
24. What is the Imperative? 79
25. What is the Conditional? 81
Present conditional in if-clauses 81
Past conditional in if-clauses 82
Summary: If-clauses sequence of tenses 83
use of the conditional in indirect speech 84
26. What is the Subjunctive? 85
Study Tips — subjunctive 86
27. What is an Adjective? 87
28. What is a Descriptive Adjective? 88
Attributive and predicate adjectives 89
Study tips — descriptive adjectives 90
29. What is Meant by Comparison of Adjectives? 91

Comparative 91
Superlative 92
30. What is a Possessive Adjective? 94
Singular possessor my, your, his, her, its 95
Plural possessor our, your, their 96
Study Tips — possessive adjectives 97
31. What is an Interrogative Adjective? 99
32. What is a Demonstrative Adjective? 101
33. What is an Adverb? 103
Adverb or adjective? 104
Study Tips — adverbs 105
34. What is a Conjunction? 106
Study Tips — conjunctions and the subjunctive 107
35. What is a Preposition? 108

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 CONTENTS
CONTENTS

Study Tips — prepositions 109

36. What is an Object? 111
Direct Object 111
Indirect Object 112
Sentences with a direct and an indirect object 113
Object of a Preposition 114
Relationship of A verb to its object 114
37. What is a direct Object Pronoun? 116
38. What is an Indirect Object Pronoun? 119
Questions to ask yourself when choosing
French direct and indirect object pronouns 122
Study Tips — direct and indirect object pronouns 124
39. What is a Disjunctive Pronoun? 125
Summary of French object pronouns 128

40. What are reflexive Pronouns and verbs? 131

41. What is a Possessive Pronoun? 135
Singular possessor mine, yours (tu-form), his/hers 136
Plural possessor ours, yours (vous-form), theirs 137
Study Tips — possessive pronouns 138
42. What is an Interrogative Pronoun? 140
Subject 140
Direct Object 141
indirect object and object of a preposition
“Which (one), Which (ones)” 142
Study Tips — interrogative pronouns 146
43. What is a Relative Pronoun? 148
I.Relative pronoun as Subject 149
II.Relative pronoun as direct object 150
III.Relative pronoun as an indirect object and
object of a Preposition 152
1. French relative pronouns as objects of a
preposition other than the preposition de 153
2. French relative pronouns as objects of the

preposition
IV. Possessive de pronoun “whose”
relative 154
155
Summary of relative pronouns with an antecedent 156
Relative Pronouns Without an antecedent 158
44. What is a Demonstrative Pronoun? 160
“This one, that one” and “these, those” 160
To show possession: “Celui de” 161
“The one (that)”: “celui qui, celui que” 163
45. What is Meant by Active and Passive Voice? 165
Avoiding the passive voice in French 167
Index 169

1410822 - CEI ©