CONTENTS

FLUENCY MARKERS 流畅度标志··················2

TIME AND FREQUENCY EXPRESSIONS 时间和频率表达·······3

ADVERBIALS FOR GIVING OPINIONS 表达观点的开头副词···· 4

PART 1 SPEAKING 语料库····················5

“WORK” TOPIC 工作话题···························5

“HOME TOWN” TOPIC 故乡··························5

MUSIC TOPIC 音乐··························6

“FILM TOPIC” 电影·························6

READING TOPICS 阅读·····························6

TRAVEL TOPICS 旅 游······················7

HOLIDAYS TOPICS 放假···························7

OTHER TOPICS 其他·····························8

PART 2 SPEAKING INTRODUCTION 介绍·············9

Part 2 Speaking 思考框架·······················11

PART 2 语料库··························12

PEOPLE DESCRIPTION 人物类························12

PLACE DESCRIPTION 地点类·························16

OBJECT DESCRIPTION 物品类························20

PAST EVENT DESCRIPTION 过去事件·····················23

PART 3 SPEAKING·······················25
雅思写作 TASK 2 介绍 ·····················27

task 2 最易入的“坑” ·······················28

重点写作语言···························30

表达客观性意见 ··························30

····························30
表达主观性意见

······························30
举例子

扩展文章内容···························30

······························31
作对比

权衡对比·····························31

描述“事实”的语言 ·························31

表示强调·····························31

表示条件·····························31

解释原因·····························31

描述结果或影响 ··························32

题目改写 - 常用词汇替换·······················32

如何管理 Task 2 的时间 ·······················32

Task 2 写作种类···························33

The Argument lED 争论式 - 法官式···················33

文章结构：····························33

例文 + 批改：争论式 - 法官式 ····················34

Thesis Led 论文式 - 律师式

·······················35

文章结构：····························35

例文 + 批改：论文式 - 律师式 ····················36

Sample 例文 1: ··························36

Sample 例文 2: ··························37
 Sample 例文 3： ··························38

Advantages and Disadvantages 优势 & 劣势···············39

文章结构 ····························39

例文 - 优势 &····························40
劣势

Problem & Solution ·························41

文章结构 ····························41

例文 -Problem & Solution ······················42

2 Part Question/Report 报告 ·····················43

文章结构 ····························43

例文 -2 Part Question
·························43

Sample 1: ···························44

Sample 2: ···························45

特殊题型 ·····························46

雅思写作 Task1 简介······················48

Task 1 高分写作流程 ························52

实用的句子改写词汇 & 模板 ·····················53

Task 1 写作规矩 ··························53

T1 易犯错误 ····························53

能有效拿到 8+ 的句子结构······················54

注意事项·····························55

趋势 & 变化语言 : 句式和词汇 ····················56

必备动词 & 名词 ·························56

必备形容词 & 副词·························58

必备句子结构···························59

必备时间短语（具体数字均可替换） ··················59

描述“大概”的词汇 ·························59
 常见趋势类型 ·························60

* 特别使用说明！ ·························61

Template 模板 ··························63

更多语法技巧（高分 only）
······················63

Future Tense 将来时 ·······················63

Future Perfect 将来完成时·····················63

Combination of Past and Future 先过去后将来 ············63

“Respectively” 各自的·······················63

Correlation 相互关系 (“as” & “while”) ················63

Majority 的地道用法 ·······················64

Task 1 高分范文 ··························65

Line Chart 折线图 ·························65

Bar Chart 柱状图 ·························66

Table 表格 ····························67

Pie Chart 饼状图··························68

Map 地图题 ····························69

地图语言 ····························69

如何写地图题 ··························70

Map Sample ···························71

Process 流程图 ···························72

Man-made process 人工类流程图 ····················72

Process Sample ··························73

Natural Process 自然流程图 ·····················74

Natural Process Language 自然流程图语言 ················74

Natural Process Sample ·······················75

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 FLUENCY MARKERS 流畅度标志

1. To be honest / honestly: 坦白讲

Examples: Do you enjoy reading?

· To be honest, I don't really like reading.
· Honestly, I don't like reading very much.

2. Fortunately / unfortunately 幸运的是 / 不幸的是：我们用这两个词汇信号积极或一

消极的情景。

You can talk about the negative, and then, fortunately, a positive; or a positive, unfortunately,
a negative.

Example 1: I remember it rained heavily that day (a negative). Fortunately, I had my umbrella
with me (a positive).

Example 2: My mother cooks for me every day (a positive). Unfortunately, she’s not a very
good cook (a negative).

3. Actually / In fact / As a matter of fact: We use these words to add details.

Example: Do you enjoy reading?

· To be honest, I don't like to ready very much.
· Unfortunately, I’m in university right now, and my professor gives me a lot of readying
assignment.
· In fact, tonight I will have to read about 40 pages

4. supposed to be, I’ve heard that/ some people have said that: 引导你听说过的，但自己没一验
证过的事情。

Example:
Vietnamese food is supposed to be delicious.
I’ve heard that Vietnamese food is delicious.

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 TIME AND FREQUENCY EXPRESSIONS 时间和频率表达

1. Nowadays / these days: 表达最近，现在

Example: Do you enjoy watching television?

Yes, I love watching television. Unfortunately, I don't have a lot of free time. Nowadays, I am
studying at the university and I don't have a chance to watch my favorite programs.

2. Used to + Verb: 表达曾经的习惯

· I used to go swimming with my friends.

· I used to be an engineer.

3. When I was X: 引导曾经在某时期，做过什么事

· When I was a university student, I used to meet my friends for coffee every morning before
class.

4. Adverbs of Frequency: rarely / hardly ever ( 很少做 ), usually / typically / nonormally

（通常做）

· I rarely / hardly ever go swimming on Sunday morning.

· I normally go to bed by 11 p.m.

5. Adverbs of Infrequency: Every once in a while / Every so often / Every now and ththen
时不时

· Every once in a while, I play sports on the weekend.

· I play golf every so often.
· Every now and then we stay in bed all day and watch cartoons.

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 ADVERBIALS FOR GIVING OPINIONS 表达观点的开头副词

1. Personally: you are only giving your own opinion about something.
Eg: Personally, I don't think organized social events are very important.

2. Frankly / to be frank: you are saying something direct and honest.

Eg: Frankly / to be frank, I don't like Korean food.

3. Typically: this situation is usually true, or this is what usually happens.

Eg: Typically, dogs don't get along with cats.

4. Obviously / clearly: a fact can be easily noticed or understood.

Eg: Obviously, the first aim of primary education is to teach students basic literacy skills.

5. Especially, Particularly, More importantly: something interesting and important. 尤其是

Eg: I like everything about my car, especially the size.

必备句型：

Sb. + believe / find + something + Adjective 某人认为一个东西怎么样

· Parents find comic books boring.
· I find burgers delicious.
· As a rule, most teenage boys find videos games very exciting.

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 PART 1 SPEAKING 语料库

“WORK” TOPIC 工作话题

1. Do you work or are you a student?

Answer: I am studying and working at the same time. Before I came to China, I was working as
an engineer, but at the moment (right now) I’m studying Chinese because I hope to get a master’s
degree here.

2. Do you like your job?

Answer: Well, generally speaking, I really enjoy my job simply because it’s very rewarding to be
able to help people every day. It also helps me boost my people skills, expand my social network
and give me a financial security.

3. Do you like your study?

Answer: Yes, I really love studying law, but my real aim is to do a Master’s and then look for a job
in an international law firm.

4. What do you like about your job?

Answer: Frankly, I love everything about my current job. Especially, I think the best part of it is
that I could travel and discover places that I have never been to.

5. Is there anything you don't like about your job?

Answer: Generally speaking, I enjoy my job. The only thing I am not so fond(happy) of is the
salary; it’s not good enough for me to enjoy my life. I wish my boss would give me a pay raise next
month.

6. Would you like to change your job in the future?

Answer: I don't want to get stuck at the job that I am working now. I am still young, so I want to
learn as much as I can. Moreover, I would like to be my own boss, so I’m planning to run my own
business next year.

“HOME TOWN” TOPIC 故乡

1. Where are you from? Where is your hometown?

Answer: I’m from Kelowna, which is a city in the west of Canada.

2. Do you like your home town? (Why?)

Answer: Yes, I like living in Kelowna mainly because it’s where most of my friends and family
members live, and because there are a lot of activities to do here. The only thing I don't like is the
traffic; its nearly always crowed and noisy.

3. Would you prefer to live somewhere else? (Why?)

Answer: For now, I’m happy living here. But at some points when I get old, I’d probably like to live
in a place with a warmer climate, and many beautiful natural landscapes including beaches.
4. Is your hometown suitable for young people to live in?
Answer: Definitely yes, Kelowna is perfect place for young people to live in simply because it has
lots of things for young generation to enjoy, such as sports facilities, gym, school, hospitals, public
transport, and even leisure facilities.

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5. What is the best thing about your hometown?
Answer: My hometown is Kelowna, which is a tourism destination located in the east of
Vancouver. The best thing I would like to talk about my hometown is its amazing history,
architecture, local food and people. Kelowna is the third biggest city in BC that is famous for many
beautiful natural landscapes, tourist attractions and friendly people. But what I particularly value
about my hometown is its local food. There are various types of food which are very delicious and
easy to find out around the city.

MUSIC TOPIC 音乐

1. Do you like music?

Answer: Definitely yes. Music is really my thing. I love pop, hip hop, and rock mainly because they
can cheer me up greatly when I feel bored or tired. I usually listen to music with my earbuds when I’
m
traveling from place to place.

2. How often do you usually listen to music?

Answer: Almost everyday. Normally, I listen to music whenever I feel bored. I have different
playlists that can help me get into a particular mood whenever I feel down. Also, I Iike listening to
music when I can’t go to sleep, I like to listen to some light music to calm myself down.

“FILM TOPIC” 电影

1. Do you like watching films?

Answer: Absolutely yes, I enjoy watching all types of films, such as romance, action, comedy, sci-fi,
and cartoon. Normally when I want to relax or have some fun, I would watch something fun like
comedies by Jim Carrey.

2. What kinds of films do you like best? / What’s your favorite film?
Answer: Comedies are my favorite kinds of films. I love this genre simply because it can make me
laugh when I feel bored.

3. How often do you watch film?

Answer: Normally, I enjoy watching films at cinemas when I am available during the weekends. I
like to watch films with my friends so we could share a good time together, and afterward we will
talk about the movie, whether we enjoyed it or not.

4. Do you prefer to watch films in the cinema or at home?

Answer: I prefer to watch movies at the cinema simply because it offers me an exciting atmosphere
with better sound system and visual effects, so I could be more deeply involved in the film.

READING TOPICS 阅读

1. Do you like reading?

Answer: Absolutely yes, reading is something I would like to do all the time. I love to read all kinds
of book including novels, newspapers, magazines, and textbooks. Obviously, reading is a part of
my daily life because reading can help me keep up with the latest news and information.

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2. Do you read the newspaper?
Answer: Certainly yes, but I prefer to read news online instead of newspaper because I don't like
my room to be occupied by piles of newspaper. Also, reading news on the website is usually free of
charge and I can read news on my smart phone anytime, anywhere. It’s very convenient.

3. How often do you read books?

Answer: Honestly, I’m a complete bookworm. I read all the time. I can read up to 20 books a week.
I usually read comic books, but sometimes I change my reading habit slightly by reading novels. I
prefer reading comic books simply because they are great way for me to relax myself and escape
from my daily life routines.

TRAVEL TOPICS 旅游

1. Do you like traveling?

Answer: Definitely yes. When I am off work, I like to travel to different places with family members
or my best friends. I love traveling simply because it brings me a lot of benefits. Particularly I can
broaden my horizon. For example, I can meet different people from different places, try different
food, and even learn different languages and cultures.

2. Do you prefer to travel alone or with others?

Answer: Well, I would rather travel with a group of friends so that I would be able to share my
experiences during the trip. It is much more fun and enjoyable. We can discover new things, try
different foods, meet different people, and explore different places together. If I just travel alone,
I probably will be lonely, and I may be even feel helpless when I am into trouble. Therefore,
traveling in a group of friends is my preference.

3. What is your favorite transport?

Answer: Although there are many different transportation choices such as buses, taxies, trains,
subways, and so on. My favorite way to travel is by air, because I like the experience of watching
all kinds of new films on the airplane while having food and drinks.

4. How do you like to travel for a long-distance trip?

Answer: Personally speaking, I would choose airplane as my priority for a long-distance trip simply
because it doesn’t take me so long to get to my destination. Obviously, the airplane is the fastest
way of transport, and I don't want to waste my valuable time on the trip.

HOLIDAYS TOPICS 放假

1. What do you usually do on your holiday?

Answer: I live far away from my parents, so whenever it is time for holidays, I will go back home to
see my family and best friends.
2. How often do you have holidays?
Answer: Well, as I am still studying, I have lots of holidays. Usually every other month I would
have a 3-day break. I was having an exam on the last holiday and that didn’t go very well.

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3. Is it important to have holidays?
Answer: Absolutely yes, holidays are really necessary for us to rest and give us a chance to do what
every we want to. For me, I would love to spend time with my family on holidays as I study in
another city. I only have holidays to visit my parent’s house and that makes holidays very crucial
to me.

4. What kind of places do you like to travel to?

Answer: I love traveling to many places with beautiful natural landscapes and mountains.
However, I don't often have the opportunity to go to places like that because those activities
usually require a lot of time which is something I don't have while studying and preparing the
IELTS exam. So instead, I would love to go to places where I can enjoy myself and so fun things
together with my friends.

OTHER TOPICS 其他

1. Do you like dancing? 舞蹈

Answer: Definitely yes, I am really keen on dancing. After a hard day at work, I often dance in a
dance studio. I love dancing mainly because it is a great way to exercise my body and that keeps
my body fit.

2. Do you have a driving license? 驾照

Answer: Yes, I got my driving license when I was 20 years old, and I am planning to buy a new car
next year.

3. Do you prefer to be a driver or a passenger? 开车

Answer: Generally speaking, I would rather be a passenger mainly because it makes me less
stressful and nervous. I don't need to pay my attention to the traffic, and I can spend time doing
something like reading books or listening to music on my phone.

4. Do you like doing sports? 运动

Answer: Certainly yes, I am a big fan of all sorts of sport, including football, badminton, jogging,
cycling, and swimming. I find sports very beneficial in many ways, especially building relationships
with others; for example, I made many good friends from hiking and helping each other, one of
them is my girlfriend now.

5. Do you like shopping? 购物

Answer: Well, I must say that I am a real shopaholic. I love shopping for a variety of reasons;
for example, I can relax myself, hang out with my friends while shopping together and have an
opportunity to catch up with the latest trend and fashion.
6. Do you like collecting things? 收集
Answer: Yes, I’m really keen on collecting things. I have been collecting shoes since I was a child,
and I find this activity quite interesting. And from collecting shoes, I actually made lots of friends,
it is a sort of community where people share information about new releases and travel together to
line up for new shoes.

7. Are computers important to you? 电脑

Answer: Certainly yes, computers are extremely necessary in my work and my study. Without
computers, I can’t even do my homework. Not to mention that I won’t be able to do research,
watch films and playing computer games.

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8. Do you prefer swimming in the sea or in a swimming pool? 游泳
Answer: As a matter of fact, I would rather swim in a swimming pool than in the ocean simply
because it’s much safer, and I can avoid being forced to drink “salty water”, haha, trust me, I have
been there before.

9. Do you prefer to travel by bike or by bus? 交通自行车 or 公车

Answer: I would pick riding bicycle over travel by bus, because it’s so much more comfortable,
convenient and in many cases, faster. Particularly, if I’m travelling during the rush hours, I won't
get stuck in traffic jams. Besides, cycling is a good exercise for me.

10. Do you prefer eating at home or at restaurant? 吃饭家 or 饭店

Answer: To be honest, I don't know how to cook and don't have someone to cook for me, so I
would rather eat at restaurant than eat at home simply because restaurants usually offer me a
more comfortable environment. In addition, I can also try a wider range of food that tastes more
delicious than home cooked meals. More importantly, I don’t need to worry about washing dishes
when I finish eating. So, given the option, eating at restaurant is certainly my ideal choice.

11. Do You Prefer an Electronic Book or A Printed Book? 电子书 or 纸质书

Answer: Personally, I would rather read electronic books mainly because it is more convenient.
What I mean is electronic books are portable, easy to manage, and particularly free of charge. I
don't have to carry a pile of books in my bag pack. What I need to do is just to turn on my kindle
device and then start reading whatever I have in my mobile library.

12. Do you prefer shopping online or at a real store? 网上购物

Answer: Personally, I would rather shop online simply because it is more convenient. What I mean
is shopping online can save me a lot of time as well as money since items usually cheaper online.

13. Do you prefer relaxing at home or outside? 在家放松 or 在外

Answer: It depends, during the day I would rather be out of the house; I would like to go shopping
or meet up with friends for playing sports or getting something to eat. However, in the evenings I
tend to prefer to stay at home and chill.

14. Do you prefer writing letters or e-mails? 写信 or 电子邮件

Answer: Personally, I prefer communication by email simply because it is easier, cheaper and a
lot quicker to communicate rather than writing a letter. Sending a letter to someone, especially in
a huge country like China, could take days or weeks. Email, however, is sent by just a click on the
mouse.

15. What do you like most about student life? 学生生活

Answer: The thing I particularly love about when I was a university student is the golden
opportunity to enrich my knowledge and establish new relationships. To be specific, at university,
I can not only increase my knowledge about my major, but I can also make lots of new friends. For
me, the friends who went to school together are closer than friends at work.

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 PART 2 SPEAKING INTRODUCTION 介绍

What do they want you to talk about? 考官到底想让你说些什么？

Here is the thing, before you are talking about something is challenging on the card, because part2
will offer some unique challenging points, I want you to start thinking about simple points on the
card first.

Example 1:
Do you have a favorite book?
Yes, I really love Harry Porter

Who wrote it?

This book was written by J.K. Rowling. She is a British author who is now very famous for
writing this book.

What happens in the book?

Well, a lot of things are happening in the book. Basically, it's about a kid, Harry, who
discovers he has a magical power…

When did you read it?

I first read this book when I was 14 years old…

What I am doing here is I am trying to produce extended answer to part 1 speaking questions.
That’s a key here. Do not think of this as 2-minute speech; that’s too much. Instead, think of it as
four P1 questions. Each P1 questions requires you 25-35s to answer, which combined to more than
2 minutes. Little pieces are more important.

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 Part 2 Speaking 思考框架

框架 1：

框架 2：

Sample answer:

Today I’m going to tell you about Harry Porter, one of my favorite books. This novel is written by
J.K. Rowling. She is one of the most famous British authors. In fact, this was the first book that
she ever wrote. In this book, I meet my hero Harry Porter, he is a young boy who finds out that he
has magical power, therefore, he went to school to develop his power and learn skills that using
the wintertime when the weather was really cold outside. I got this book for Christmas; my friend
had recommended it to me because he had read it and really enjoyed it… I love this book because
it’s so exciting. What I mean is there are a lot of amazing adventures and powers… it’s really well
written and has a lot of interesting things to read. And finally, I really like Harry, he is a really
friendly and charming boy… actually, I really like to read this book.

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Do you need eye contact in Part 2 speaking? P2 需不需要对视？

答 案：Not necessarily, 雅 思 口 语 评 分 标 准 里 没 有 标 明 你 需 要 对 视 口 语 考 官。
However，在 P1 考试我强烈建议你一定要注视考官，因为表达你的自信，同时对考
官产生很好印象。然而在 P2，由于你有话题卡在手，同时写了 notes，这时候即使你
不一直注视口语考官，也是不伤大雅的。说完话题卡上的问题，要比对视重要一万倍！
看考官只要 once in a while 就好。

PART 2 语料库

PEOPLE DESCRIPTION 人物类

* 重点表达：希望成为他
1. I hope I am as + adj. + as + person
2. I hope I will be as + adj. + as + person
3. I would like to be as + adj. + as + person

Eg: I hope I am as successful as my father is when I grow up.

I hope I will be as wealthy as Bill Gates.
I would like to be as intelligent as my grandfather.

ADJECTIVES OF PERSONALITY 性格形容词

常用负面性格：
1. Arrogant: He was so arrogant that he thought he could tell everyone what to do.
2. Boring: I don't like Tom because he is boring and unfriendly.
3. Stubborn: She is so stubborn that no one can change her decisions.
4. Nervous: He was nervous, so he forgot her name.
5. Pessimistic: He is pessimistic about the future.
6. Quick-tempered: My brother is quick-tempered and impatient.

Others:
Rude, selfish, silly, unkind, unreliable, immature, dishonest, evil, greedy, impatient, inconsiderate,

lazy, mean, moody, narrow-minded, naughty, nasty

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常用正面性格：
1. Ambitious: He is ambitious to succeed.
2. Friendly: Tom is friendly to everyone.
3. Funny: Joe is funny.
4. Generous: My father is generous with his money.
5. Gentle: She is gentle with children.
6. Brave: Peter is brave, and Tom is humorous.
7. Bright/smart/intelligent/wise: My nephew is bright, he got 100 out of 100 on his math exam.
8. Open-minded: He is open-minded and straight forward.
9. Hard-working: She is a very intelligent and hard-working student.
10. Charming: She is charming and beautiful.
11. Humorous: I think Tom is humorous.

Others:
communicative, passionate, patient, persistent, polite, practical, reliable, romantic, self-disciplined,

thoughtful, tidy, tough, warmhearted, independent, down-to-earth

参考模板 / 思路句 – 人物类

1. …I admire him / her from the bottom of my heart not only because of the person himself /
herself, but also because of the things I learned from his / her words… 打心底崇拜

2. …His / her words influenced me a lot / very much… 他说的话影响我很多

3. …He / she never gives up easily… 从不轻易放弃

4. …he / she is a well-known businessman… 他是个出名的…

5. …He / she is also known as a wise person… 因为…而被熟知

6. …He / she looks much younger than he / she actually is… 形容外貌，长得年轻

7. …He / she is of medium build and medium height… 形容外貌，中等身材

8. …She dresses up nicely, does a gorgeous hair style, wears beautiful makeup and high heels. 外貌，
女士

9. …He / she left me a lot of beautiful childhood memories… 给我很多美好童年记忆

10. …He / she took really good care of me when I was little; cooked me my favorite food, played
with me, walked me to school and home, told me fairy tales, … 照顾小时候的我

11. *…We have a lot in common and are like peas and carrots (get along very well together) … 有
共同点，很般配

12. …He / she has been a real friend to me… 我的真朋友

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13. …He / she always gives me a listening ear, a helping hand and the most sincere words / advice
whenever I am in need… I felt much better after talking to her / him… 倾听，并安慰我

14. …He / she is a person with a strong sense of humor… 幽默

15.…He / she is one of the most important and influential people in my life… 最 ... 之一

16. …He / she is able to explain something complicated in an easy and simple way… 能把复杂事
情简单解释出来

17. …He / she is really a role model for me to learn from… 人格偶像

18. …He / she is able to get along well with all types of people… 社交能力强

19. …My mother has an eye for fashion. She usually keeps up with the latest fashion… 时尚

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示例 – 人物类

SAMPLE 1:

Describe a person (you know), much older than you, who you admire.

You should say:

Who this person is

How you know this person
How this person has influenced you
And explain why you admire this person.

MODEL ANSWER:

Today I’m gonna talk about one of my favorite teachers who taught me at high school. Her name
is Taylor. She had a great influence on me and was the most well-mannered person whom I look
up to very much. Ms. Taylor taught me English for 3 years of high school. She was in her 40s, and
she had a lot of teaching experience. In fact, we met each other almost every day since she was
also my form teacher. She was always kind to students, treated us with respect and cared about us
as if we had been her children. To be specific, she always brought some kinds of medicines so that
whenever any student had a cold, cough or something like that, she would give them the medicines
immediately.

Above all, the way she taught us in class influenced me the most, her thoroughness and dedication
in teaching inspired me to study English, even though I had not been interested in this foreign
language before. Thanks to her inspiring teaching method, I was able to pass the university
entrance exam with a high English grade. Moreover, she was very friendly and approachable,
far more than I expect. In fact, he was willing to share her ideas and answer to all my questions.
As she is a kind person, she always gave us the best advice and solutions about any problems we
faced. From time to time, I felt that she was like my close friend who I could comfortably share
everything with. These made me respect her.

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PLACE DESCRIPTION 地点类

ANSWER ORDER:
1. What it is
2. Where it is
3. When did you first go there
4. What it looks like
5. What is it famous for
6. Why do you visit this place
7. How do you feel about this place

地点形容词

1. Attractive and enjoyable: We want to make the town a more attractive and enjoyable place for
fo visitors.
2. Cozy = inviting: This coffee shop is cozy.
3. Quiet = peaceful: Sometimes I need a quiet place to escape from my daily life routines.
4. Vibrant = Lively: Art gallery is a lively place.
5. Boring = dull
6. Traditional = old-fashioned

参考模板 / 思路句 – 地点

1. …Decoration style is classy and upscale… 装修高档

2. …Atmosphere is cozy and comfy… 气氛舒适
3. …food is tasty and flavorful… 食物美味
4. …The service is hospitable and speedy. All orders can be served in 10 minutes… 餐厅服务好
5. …The hotel was designed and constructed by the architects from South Africa, and took
approximately ten years to complete… 设计建造
6. …Its location is convenient. It is easy to find a parking space… 地点方便，好停车
7. …The restaurant is spacious. We can have different options when choosing a seat, and it also
leaves some privacy for talking; it is pretty customer-oriented… 餐厅空间大，有隐私
8. …The most impressive part about this spectacular building is its distinctive shape, which gives
everyone an impression that a boat is sailing on the sea… 有特色的形状
9. …The hotel is definitely a unique symbol for Dubai… 独特的标志物
10. …When I actually saw the hotel, I was totally amazed by it… 感到惊叹
11. …The café is located on a quiet street with a lot of trees planted on both sides…在某街上
12. …It is on the opposite side of my university… 在…对面
13. …When I was little, the room I love the most was my bedroom… 小时候最喜欢的房间
14. …All the walls were painted light yellow, which made the room look elegant and subtle… 墙壁
颜色
15. …This park is also a popular place for walking, jogging, flying a kite, playing hide-and-seek,
having a picnic, dog walking, fishing… 流行做…的地方

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16. …It is the greatest place for relaxation… 最好的做…的地方
17. …The room was equipped with central air-conditioning, satellite TV and internet access, which
was very convenient… 房间装备了…
18. …The restaurant I would like to talk about is called Pizza Hut, which is a western-style
restaurant, specializing in pizza and spaghetti. It is one of the most popular and famous
restaurants in China at the moment… 餐厅、介绍、细节
19. …Well, the foreign country that I would like to visit is the UK, which is one of the most
attractive travelling destinations for many people, and I am no exception. 受欢迎的地点
20. …It is also an ideal place for me to meet and chat with my friends… 一个理想的地方

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示例 – 地点类

SAMPLE 1:

Describe a place with a lot of water (such as a river, a lake or the ocean) that you
enjoyed visiting.

You should say:

Where this place was

What you did there
Why you went there
And explain why you liked this place.

MODEL ANSWER:

I would like to talk about a place where my family went on a vacation last summer. It’s called
Vancouver Island, which is located on the west coast of Canada. I was really impressed with the
beach there. The scenery along the coast was just amazing.

When we arrived at this city, we had to take a ferry from the mainland, a journey which lasted
roughly one hour. Fortunately, I was not seasick. When we reached there, surprisingly, the scenery
appealed to me a lot, particularly the beach. The beach itself was absolutely breathtaking and the
crystal-clear water seemed to stretch endlessly to the horizon. I always love to be on a beach. I was
so excited that I just wanted to jump into the sea immediately.

On the beach, many people were enjoying the scenery, and some were swimming while their
children were making sandcastles. My family quickly checked into the hotel, we changed our
clothes and joined the people there. Actually, this vacation provided me a great chance to relax
myself and escape from my daily life routines after a long hard time at work. Personally, I hope
that I will have more holidays like this in the future.

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SAMPLE 2:

Describe a quiet place

Where it is
How often you visit there
What you do there
And explain the reason why you like or dislike the place

MODEL ANSWER:

To me, quiet places mean libraries. But I’m not going to describe the library at my university as
our library is so crowded which makes it noisy sometime. The one I’m going to share with you is
the library in my high school.

My high school is huge, and it consists of four big zones named A, B, C, and D. the library occupies
a small space on the highest floor in zone D, and it’s perhaps just about three or nearly four times
as large as a normal classroom. There’s a room used to store books and another for students to
read books and self-study.

I spent most of my time in the library when I was in grade 10. The next two years were filled
completely with competitions so I couldn’t go to the library as often as before. I had my own
favorite spot in the self-study section; it was the cubicle on the outermost row that is near the
window, and whenever I visited the library to study or to read some borrowed books, I would
choose that spot without any hesitation. I even wrote some words or symbols that I liked on the
table; don’t know whether they’re still there now though.

I love this library the most is simply because it’s really quiet, compared with some other libraries
in my city that I’ve been to. It was really suitable for studying, and some students even went there
to sleep! I had a great time self-studying in this library back then, I seriously would visit it again if
I ever had a chance.

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OBJECT DESCRIPTION 物品类

易错点：

Made of & made from:

We use made of when we can still recognize the material that is used to make the object.
For example: The house is made of wood.

We use made from when we don’t know what material is used to make the object.
For example: Plastic is made from oil.

物品形容词

·Opinion: good, wonderful, pretty, fantastic, awful, ugly, dirty, comfortable, uncomfortable,
wasteful, valuable, priceless, worthless, worthy, useful, useless, rare, lovely, disgusting, amazing,
unusual

·Touch: hard, silky, soft, smooth, polished, rough, glossy, glassy, size, weight: heavy, small, tiny,
little, light, big, tall, fat, shot, thin, underweight, wide, enormous, vast, giant, huge, great, slim

·Smell: perfumed, smelly, sweet, fruitful

·Temperature: hot, cold, icy, freezing, chilly

·Age: old, antique, ancient, old-fashioned, mature, modern, recent

·Shape: round, circular, triangular, square, oval, sleek, straight

·Brightness: light, bright, dark, shining, dull, pale, glowing, gleaming, luminous, etc.

·Color: yellowish, gray, silver, brown, transparent, colorless

·Material: fabric, concrete, ceramic, metal, china, cotton, glass, plastic, wooden, steel, leather,
silicon

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参考模板 / 思路句 – 物品

1. …it was super thin and incredibly light… 轻薄

2. …the photo always reminds me of the meal my mom cooked and the words my father said
before the dinner… 提醒我

3. …its color is super eye-catching… 吸引人眼球

4. …I remember that the first time I read the book was around October 2010… 第一次

5. …This vehicle is quite fashionable and trendy… 流行，时尚

6. …The quality is reliable and trustworthy… 可靠

7. …Its price is affordable… 价格付得起，经济实惠

8. I didn’t buy this smartphone because it would be too expensive for me to afford. It was a gift
from my uncle… 对我来说太贵

9. …The church is made of red brick, and the architecture, as I said before, is in the old French
style… 建筑，由…材料建造

10. …A folding chair is convenient for me because my room is small and I don't have space for a
lot of furniture… 对我来说很方便

11. …it was a birthday present from my parents… 生日礼物

12. …it has various applications like video chat, digital camera, wireless Internet, and games. It’s
easy to share photos and music… 很多用途

13. I use this smartphone for almost everything, it even has a calendar that reminds me about
appointments… 手机日历功能

14. …This smartphone is an essential part of my life. I couldn't live without it… 我生命重要的部
分

15. …Last summer I bought a new smartphone and I am very satisfied with it… 我很满意

16. …There were numerous reasons why I took an interest in this smartphone. Firstly, I would like
to use it for entertainment purposes… 很多原因

17. …This household appliance plays an important role in my daily life… 扮演重要角色

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示例 – 物品类

SAMPLE :

Describe a produce you bought that you were (or, are) happy with.

You should say:

What you bought

How you bought it
Why you bought it
And explain why you were (or are) happy with it.

MODEL ANSWER:

I would like to talk about a Samsung smart phone which I bought last summer and I was really
satisfied with it. I bought this phone online, and I got a pretty good deal on it. This phone was
the latest product from Samsung, so there were various useful applications such as video calling,
camera, bike sharing, uber and so on. I would use this smart phone to listen to music, make phone
calls, send text messages and check emails. I must say that this portable device helps me a lot no
matter where I am.

There were various reasons why I loved this product. Firstly, I would use it for entertainment
purposes. What I mean is I could refresh myself after a long hard day at work by streaming action
movies. Moreover, thanks to this smart phone, I was able to keep in touch with my old friends
whom I didn't often have a chance to meet in person. In addition, this mobile phone helped
me to handle my workload effectively. For example, I could check and send emails or write my
essays when waiting for the bus, which saved a huge amount of my time. At present, I still use
this smart phone every day for my work, study, and entertainment purposes. I think that this is an
indispensable product in my daily life routines.

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PAST EVENT DESCRIPTION 过去事件

回答思路：

1. What it was (a historic event, a party, a ceremony, a wedding, a bicycle tour, a family holiday, a
vavacation, a kind of weather, a TV program, a football match, summer camp, school trip etc.)
2. When it happened (last week, last month, last year, in December, since I was a teenager, 2 years
vaago, on my parents’ 20th wedding anniversary, at Christmas, etc.)
3. Where it happened (in the countryside, on the street, at the university, at my uncle’s house, at a
varestaurant, etc.)
4. What happened (dancing, singing, drinking, playing games, telling jokes, cooking, etc.)
5. Who was there (my family, friends, teachers, neighbors, classmates, farmers, my cousin, etc.)
6. How you feel / felt about it (relaxing, enjoyable, valuable, special, embarrassed, moved,
vadelighted, thrilled, enthusiastic, satisfied etc.)

参考模板 / 思路句 – 过去事件

…Our flight would be delayed due to the snowstorm / lightning / dense fog… 飞机晚点

…At first, I felt extremely nervous since it was my first interview. 面试紧张

…I started to skip class because I found it was boring… 旷课

…Mike and I have been close friends since childhood. Therefore, when he invited me to be his best
man, I agreed without any hesitation…毫不犹豫

…It was one of the most unforgettable moments of my life… 最难忘的一刻

…I was greatly frustrated and hopeless. I have never experienced something as difficult as that in
my life… 沮丧且无望

…I really enjoy doing this work for some reasons… the job gives me countless opportunities to
improve my English skills… 给我无限的机会

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示例 – 过去事件

SAMPLE :

Describe a time you had good experience in the countryside

You should say

Where it was
When it was
What you did
And explain why you liked / disliked the experience

MODEL ANSWER:

Although I live in a very attractive city, I still feel connected to the countryside. Life in the rural
areas always brings me a sense of quietness. Last summer, I got away from the overcrowded city by
spending all the time with my grandparents in the country. It has been a great memory for me.

Well, as you can imagine, country life is quite different from that of the city and living in the
countryside is sometimes really challenging. While in my city apartment, all I have to do is just
some light housework like washing dishes or cleaning the bathroom, but in the countryside, I have
to take care of the garden every day and even help out with farm work. My grandparents have
instructed me to do this because it is a sort of survival skills that I would never try to learn in a
city. Although there are some hardships involved, finishing these tasks brings me closer to nature
and I have gradually become more adaptable to changes. Besides, without the distraction of the
Internet, I found myself more open to people around me and understand them better. I have come
to realize that alienation ( 隔离 ) between humans nowadays is partly caused by the dominance of
technology.

Despite getting back to my normal life in the city, I still find the time spent in the countryside very
memorable. I believe that thanks to the precious time spent in my grandparents’ country home, I
have become more mature and independent.

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 PART 3 SPEAKING

在口语的第三部分，你需要知道的是，他和第一部分非常相似，只是题目更加抽象了。你需
要更有逻辑的给出更多的解释。

想要像母语者一样表达，你必须掌握：
1. 清晰给出自己观点，不要说空话
2. 给出很多能使人信服的支撑和实例

PARTIAL DISAGREEMENT PHRASES: 部分肯定句式

I can see your point, but…(talk about what you disagree with)

I agree with that up to a point, but…(I disagree with other things – talk about what you disagree
with).

I kind of agree with that…, but…(I disagree with other things – talk about what you disagree
with).

TOTAL DISAGREEMENT PHRASES: 否定句式

Honestly, I absolutely disagree with you because…

Personally, I think it is unlikely that xxx will be like…

Honestly, I totally disagree with you because…

示例 – 老年人

Why do some old people refuse to use new technology?

Answer: Well, it is generally true to say that old people aren’t very good at using new technology
devices such as smart phones and iPads. I believe the main reason would be that old people prefer
to live in a way that they are familiar with, a way they feel comfortable of. Personally, I think that's
nothing bad at all! For example, my grandmother just turned 76 last month, although she has a
smartphone, but she rather spends more time dancing in a park. She finds smartphone apps made
her stay at home all the time, and it's bad for her health. It certainly made her uncomfortable. Old
people might share the same feeling as my grandma, therefore, they are reluctant to use new tech.

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26/75
 雅思写作 TASK 2 介绍

雅思的大作文占写作部分 2/3 的分数，最少要写 250 个字，这对于我们很多高中毕业生来说都是不

小的一个挑战。然而，我可以很负责的告诉同学们，写仅仅 250 个字拿到 6 分以上是几乎不可能的。
如果我们想顺利在写作方面拿到 6 分以上甚至 7 分，那么你的字数应该控制在大概 270-300 左右。

雅思大作文的评分同小作文一样分成了四个部分：
1. Task Achievement 任务完成程度 (25%)
2. Coherence and Cohesion 文章连贯性 (25%)
3. Lexical Resource 词汇丰富程度 (25%)
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性与准确性 (25%)

具体他们都代表什么请参见我们 T1 小作文的 intro 部分。

雅 思 T2 大 作 文， 我 们 整 体 分 成 了 四 类 题 型 : argument, thesis led, problem solution essays, two-part

questions essay.

不同于 T1 小作文的是，Task 2 的语言结构和语法相对来说会更加复杂，因为不同于小作文的描述图

表，大作文需要表达出自己的一些思考。你可以从前面 T1 小作文部分节俭很多常用的句子结构的写
法，例如： concession & contrast 让步对比 ; cause and effect statements 原因表达 ; this may lead to, as
a result…

我们先要明确的是，要明白我们写作最终的目的不是 talk rubbish 凑字数，而是每一句话都有他自己

的 purpose 原因。你需要的是像一名工程师一样，绘制好蓝图，并仔细的施工，每一个工序都是扎实
有力的，即使朴实无华，也切忌哗众取宠。你要做的就是按照计划，在 40 分钟内，写够你所想表达
的 270-300 字。这样，你距离目标的分数就迈进了一步。

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 task 2 最易入的“坑”
1. 举例的语言顺序错误：切忌不要使用…， 举例的规范应参照：(A and B), (A, B, and C), or (A, B, C, and D).
例如 : one of the biggest problems in big cities is unemployment, crime and pollution.

2. 文中出现“？”问号 : 我们在 T2 大作文写的是论文，在摆事实讲道理，切不可出现反问句，疑问句，

设问句。切不可出现这种句子： “How do you think we can solve the problem of over-crowding in cities?”

3. 文中出现“！”：同上所诉，不要对读者叫喊 . 切不可写出这种句子： “In my opinion, it's the best

solution to over-crowding in cities!”

4. “more and more”, “bigger and bigger”, “greater and greater” 这样的短语过于口语化 , 不适用我们写作
的 academic writing 的标准 . 如 “more and more people are driving cars these days”, 你可以用我们 T1 中
讲的趋势语言写成 “increasing numbers of people are using cars these days” “a significantly larger number
of people using cars these days”
“a growing increase in the number of people using cars these days”,“nowadays,
the number of people who own cars has increased”; “increasing numbers of students are going abroad for
university study”; “the number of cities that suffer from pollution has increased tremendously in recent
decades”. 当你想写 “much more”的时候，你可以写成 “a great deal larger”. 同时 , “big” 这个词在写作中
也是常见的不适用词汇 , 你应该使用“large” “sizeable” “significant”.

5. 开头使用 “And”, “But”, “Or”. 应换成 “In addition/Furthermore”, “However”, “Since”, “As a result”等学
术写作用词。

6. 段落第一句不是 topic sentence. 每一段的第一句话应该清晰的向读者发送准确的关于段落内容的信

息。

7. “Most/almost”使用不当 : “Most” 是形容词，意思是“最多的，大量的”，后跟名词，介词短语或形容

词。例如：“Most people", “the most popular” “most of his time”, “most of my friends study abroad”. 然而，
“Almost” 是副词，意思是“几乎”，后跟动词，其他副词或形容词，例如 : “We’re almost home.”, “almost
finished”, “almost every house”, “almost never” “almost all of the students”.

8. 第三人称单数错误 : He, she, it....plays, does, receives, negotiates, etc. 即使三单是小学就开始学习的初

级语法，依然错误比比皆是，如果这类错误出现较多，很难超过 5 分。

9. 动词时态错误 . 这又是最常见的导致考生无法拿到 6 分的初级语法问题。你需要注意什么时候用一

般过去，什么时候用一般现在。尤其在一般现在时，极有可能出现三单错误，要谨记！绝大多数时，
我们的 T2 写作时态是一般现在时，三单，三单，三单！

10. 冠词错误 (a, an, the, 无冠词 ): 最后一个常错初级语法，因为在我们中文体系中，冠词并不会特殊

拿出来使用，然而英语中，冠词的使用是体现在方方面面的。这三点初级语法必须掌握清楚，杜绝
错误！

11. 单复数、可数不可数错误 : 我们需要明确，当我们想形容一个普遍事物的时候，我们应该用这个

事物的复数（如可数），例如当我们想说人们每天在办公室使用电脑 : “People use computers in their
offices every day. ( 不可以说 : people use a computer in their office every day); 或 : people need a lot of
money for their lives (don’t say: people need a lot of money for their life.) 我希望考生们都自己找一个可
数 / 不可数名词的小单子，不需要太多词汇，常见的就好。但是我不希望看到加了 s 的这些不可数
名词如：equipments, knowledges, advises, informations, etc. 这些是雅思考生最爱犯错的。

12. Body 段出现个人观点：( 在 T2 大作文的 body 主体段，不许出现下列表达 I think, I believe, in my

mind, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, for me, to me, etc.), 这些表达只可以用在开头段和结尾

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段。主体段应使用客观表达如 “some people think, other people believe, many people claim that, as far as
some people are concerned”。

13. 写过多自己身边的例子。我们 T2 论文写作在举例的时候应时刻保持一个国际化的视野。如果你

主体段的举例是自身的经历，绝大多数的情况下，说服力是不够的。尝试避免使用过度本地化的词
汇如你家的某一条路等。比如说如果你写 “traffic in the city is a serious problem when you are traveling
down Madison Avenue at rush hour”, 这里下划线的地名就过于具体了。机智的考生应该尝试这样写：
“when people travel down busy streets in urban areas during rush hours…” 你希望举的例子都是说一种普
遍存在的事实。

14. 每句话开头没有连接词。对于目标在 6 分的考生，你需要减少语法错误的发生，最高效的方法就

是把句子写短，但每一个句子之间都有连接词适当的连接在一起。比如 : Firstly, on the one hand, on
the other hand, in summary.

15. 使 用 缩 写。 正 式 写 作 中 不 可 以 出 现 下 列 类 型 的 缩 写 : “shouldn’t” = should not, can’t = cannot,

wouldn’t = would not, shouldn’t = should not, etc.

16. 使用第一第二人称。如 you, we, I, us, 应被写成 people, students, society, etc. 如果你想写“when you
go abroad, you will have a chance to experience new cultures”, 你应该写成 “when a student goes abroad,
they will have a chance to experience new cultures” 追求 6 或更高分数的考生应尝试使用被动语态来减
少代词的使用。

17. Effect vs Affect 不分。 相信我，太多错误了。请记住 effect 是名词，affect 是动词。

18. 开 头 部 分 过 于 清 晰 的 展 示 文 章 内 容。 学 生 常 爱 把 开 头 写 成：“In this essay I will discuss the

advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad”。如果你曾经学过的模板是这样的，那么你很有可能
掉入写作 5.5 的漩涡中。英语写作，细节才是关键。我们接下来的课程讲述的开头写法不仅适用于雅思，
同样适用于出国后的英语写作，上面的例句如改成 “This essay will show both the positive and negative
benefits of studying abroad” 就会是一个 7 分以上的表达。

19. 使用绝对性词汇。比如：all, every, none, only, always, never, must, will, exactly。这些词汇的表达过
于绝对的，会降低语言的客观性和专业性。比如有同学会写：“when everyone goes abroad, they always
suffer home sickness.” 很显然，这句话不准确。

20. 频繁使用 thing 来表达物或事。thing 这个词并不是不可以出现在写作当中，有些时候 使用 thing

是最好的解决词穷问题的不出错误的表达方式。但是频繁使用，或使用不当会降低你的雅思分数，
如有同学写到：“when students go abroad, they have opportunities to experience many different things”。
这句话没错，但是这样写出来叫做废话。这个时候你需要举一些例子来明确你想表达的意思，如： “when
students go abroad, they have opportunities to experience many different things, such as new cultures and
make new friends”。

21. 不检查。每当你再写完一篇文章后，请按照以上 20 点检查自己的文章，并确保你没有犯这些最基

本的错误。

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 重点写作语言
表达客观性意见

·It cannot be denied that: It cannot be denied that money plays an important role in people’s lives.
·It is undeniable: It is undeniable that watching TV programs has both positive and negative effects on
people.
·It is often claimed: It is often claimed that money cannot buy happiness.
·People often claim that: People often claim that children cannot grow up perfectly without a parental
present.
·Some people argue that: Some people argue that it is more important to have an enjoyable job than to
earn a lot of money.
·Many argue that: Many argue that old workers should be permitted to work even after reaching the
retirement age.
·It is true to say that: It is true to say that the global warming is caused by pollution and other
environmental damage.

表达主观性意见

·In my opinion/view: In my opinion/view, men and women should have the same educational
opportunities.
·To my mind: To my mind, everyone should be encouraged to stay in school until 18.
·To my way of thinking: To my way of thinking, there are various reasons why people decide to live in big
cities.
·As far as I am concerned: As far as I am concerned, shopping online is very convenient.
·It seems to me that: It seems to me that death penalty is essential to prevent human from committing
serious crimes.
·I believe that: I believe that it is more beneficial for children to have homework.

举例子

·For example: ... For example, I'm going to buy a new suit for the party tonight.
·For instance: …. For instance, a father who has good skill in sports would have children with good skills
in sports as well.
·...such as: Some countries in Europe such as the UK, Italy, and France,....
·...namely: Minor crimes, namely pick pocketing and traffic offences, should not have the same penalty as
serious crimes, such as manslaughter and murder.
·...particularly: This course is particularly suitable for science students, particularly those in engineering.

扩展文章内容

•What is more: ……What is more, I think the most important benefit of visiting a new place is that you
could develop your understanding of the world.
·Furthermore: …. Furthermore, children expect to be taken on holiday when they are off school during
the summer.
·Moreover: ….. Moreover, the shortage of state budget may cause the lack of investment in upgrading
schools' equipment and infrastructure.
·In addition: ... In addition, TED helps to keep people informed with the latest technology…
·...as well: ….international tourism has disadvantages as well.
·Not only...but also...: The nicotine in cigarettes not only causes cancer but also leads to several other
serious diseases.

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作对比

·However,…: We live in a technological age. However, technology cannot solve all the world's problems.
·While/whereas: Males spend 30 minutes a day doing the cooking while/ whereas females spend 65
minutes a day on this activity.
·Nonetheless/Nevertheless: While they don’t trust each other, nonetheless/nevertheless they have worked
together for many years.
·Though/although: Although/though Tom has a lot of money, he lives in a small, old house.
·In contrast/By contrast: In contrast/by contrast, the percentage of people who walked to/from work
decreased.
·Despite the fact that...: Despite the fact that he studied hard, he couldn't pass the test.

权衡对比

·While it is true to say that..., in fact/actually...: While it is true to say that the city is noisy, dirty and
overcrowded, in fact/actually, it is a very interesting place to visit.

描述“事实”的语言

·Indeed: Indeed, traditional culture is slowly being wiped out by the strong current of technology.
·Actually: Actually, it's quite an old, historic town.
·In fact: In fact, my brother and I don't have much in common at all.
·As a matter of fact: As a matter of fact, exchanging gifts is not our traditional practice.
·The fact of the matter is (that): The fact of the matter is that the number of old workers has increased
these days.

表示强调

·Of course: Of course, the most effective way for you to improve your writing skill is through practice.
·Obviously: Obviously, this method can help people reduce stress and negative feelings.
·Needless to say: Needless to say the number of criminals increases in many countries nowadays.
·Essentially: Essentially, unemployed people need to find a way to make a living.

表示条件

·If A…, then B…: If the government invest in public transportation, then pollution level will decline…
·B… if A: Pollution level will decline if the government invest in public transportation.
·Unless A… not B: Unless governments invest in public transportation, there won’t be a reduction in
pollution.
·Not B…unless A: There won’t be a reduction in pollution unless governments invest in public
transportation.

解释原因

·This is because: A vast majority of people prefer cycling. This is because riding a bicycle to work is
healthier than driving.
·This may be caused by: Increasing number of penguins are dead these days, this may be caused by the
effects of global warming.
·This can be explained by: This can be explained by the fact that movies have been considered to be
fashionable and entertaining. This can be explained by a huge amount of homework assigned by teachers.
·The reason for this is that: The reason for this is that happiness means different thing to different
people.

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描述结果或影响

·Cause: The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems.

·May/Might lead to/result in:
·Urbanization might lead to/result in crime, traffic congestion, and pollution in cities.
·An increase in the number of the elderly in recent years may lead to an aging population.
·Qualifications and skills may/might result in promotions.
·As a result: There is an increasing number of people traveling, as a result, the demand for flights has
grown dramatically.
·Consequently: He forgot to pay his phone bill. Consequently, they turned off his service.
·One result of this is that: One result of this is that these individuals prefer driving cars rather than
walking for exercise.
题目改写 - 常用词汇替换
·Enough 足够 : to be sufficient, to be adequate
·Not enough 不够 : to be insufficient, to be inadequate, a shortage of…, a lack of…
·Many 许多 : numerous, various, a variety of, large number of, a range of, an increasing number/amount,
countless
·Things 东西 : objects, matters, issues, sectors, items, concern
·Big 很大的 : tremendous, significant, considerable, substantial, immense, vast, profound
·Important 重要的 : crucial, major, essential, critical, vital
·Give 给予 : provide, supply, contribute, offer, present
·Get 得到 : obtain, receive, acquire, gain
·Experience 经历 / 经历 : encounter, undergo, overcome, go through
·Do 做 / 参与 : participate, conduct, perform, undertake, engage to, be involved in, implement
·More 更多的 : further, additional, added
·Too much 太多 : an excess of, to be excessive

如何管理 Task 2 的时间

在雅思阅读考试中，时间管理是一件非常困难然而非常重要的事情。60 分钟的时间内有质量地写好
T1 和 T2 的作文对于很多考试来说是很有挑战性的。所以我们在进入考场之间就一定要练习好自己
的时间管理。

T2 最佳建议时间分配：

Planning Stage 规划阶段 (10 mins):

A. Read the question 仔细阅读题目
B. Note down ideas: both arguments and evidence 使用 Idea Maps 写出文章大纲（论点 + 论据）
C. Decide your overall opinion 确立自己偏向的观点

Writing Stage 写作阶段 (30 mins):

A. Write the introduction 开头写作 (5 mins)
B. Write the first body paragraph 第一个主体段 (10 mins)
C. Write the second body paragraph 第二个主体段 (10 mins)
D. Write the conclusion 结尾写作 (5 mins)

Checking Stage 检查阶段 (5 mins):

通读全文，按常见错误列表检查自己的错误。

* 使用上述方式，你只需要一分钟写大约 10 个字就可以完成写作。

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 Task 2 写作种类
我们已经理解到了，雅思的写作都是偏客观偏实用的作文形式。从 2013 年开始，中国考区的雅思作
文难度有所提升，判卷难度逐渐提高，对于思维和结构的要求都提高了。雅思 T2 大作文主要分为了
5 大类题型：

1. THE ARGUMENT LED (EVIDENCE LED) 争论式 - 法官式

2. THE THESIS LED 论文式 - 律师式
3. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 优势劣势
4. PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 问题 & 解决方案
5. TWO PART QUESTIONS (REPORT) 报告

雅思作文题目中不会告诉你是要写哪一种论文，所以让我们先一起来区分一下：

The Argument lED 争论式 - 法官式

题目问法：Discuss both views.

文章结构：

INTRODUCTION 开头段 :
一句一定正确的概括性观点 + 题目改写
“Nowadays, nuclear energy is a popular way to provide electricity.”
“In modern society, playing video games has become very popular for teenagers.”
“in recent times, increasing number of students go abroad for university study.”

BODY PARAGRAPHS 主体段 : 不允许出现个人观点

·Body 1 主体 1: 2-3 points
·Body 2 主体 2: 2-3 points

CONCLUSION 结尾段 :
总结（改写）主体段的观点。

我们称之为法官式的主要原因是在这种文章中，你的角色就像法官一样，再仔细的聆听双方观点，
不表达自己的观点。这一点尤其体现在 Intro 的开头段落，请看下列例子：

1. “Nowadays, going abroad for university study is getting popular. Some people think this brings a lot of
disadvantages. However, other people claim it brings a lot of benefits.”

2. “Smart phones are very popular nowadays. I think Apple make the best smart phones.”

3. “Nowadays, smart phones have become very popular. Some people really like Samsung. However, a lot of
people like Apple.”

现在你已经了解了 Argument-LED 的开头写法，接下来看一个 conclusion 的例子：

“In conclusion, studying abroad is very popular these days. Some people claim that causes home sickness
and it’s too expensive, while other people think it creates opportunities for education and personal
development.”

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 例文 + 批改：争论式 - 法官式
Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while
others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views.

MODEL ANSWER:

Right after finishing high school, teenagers often wonder whether they ought to continue their education or
get a job. While many people believe that keeping on studying at a college or university will be the best way
to guarantee a successful career, others claim that working straight after school is a bette option.

Start working straight after graduation is beneficial for several reasons. Firstly, by working, young people
will be able to start earning money as soon as possible. As a result, they will be mature enough, and be able
to live independently on their own income. Secondly, a person who decides to look for a job rather than
pursuing higher education is likely to have a chance to obtain a lot of real experience and practical skills.

This may lead them to progress more quickly in their chosen profession.
On the other hand, some people argue that it is more beneficial for young people to continue their studies
after high school. Firstly, a college education prepares students to meet academic qualifications, which most
employers require nowadays. Consequently, university graduates usually have opportunities to earn higher
salaries than those without qualifications. In addition, the job market is becoming increasingly competitive
since hundreds of applicants often chase one position in an organization. Having a degree is an obvious
advantage that university graduates have. In many countries, students who graduate with an engineering
degree are highly paid and have an easy time getting a good job.

In conclusion, it is true to say that both working straight after high school and continuing higher-level
studies each has their own unique advantages.(270 words)

IELTS EXAMINER COMMENTS 考官分析 :

- Task Response 任务完成度 :

You wrote 270 words, which is long enough. Aim for 260-290 words to be safe. Less than 250 words will lose
lots of marks. Your first paragraph paraphrases the whole question. Your points are all relevant and well
supported with examples and explanations.
写了 270 个字，长度合适。第一段的题目改写很完整的描述了题目中包含的信息。文章论点符合紧
贴主题并有很好的论据，例子进行论述。

- Coherence and Cohesion 文章连贯性 :

There is a clear overall progression in the writing and ideas are well organized. Paragraphs and sentences
are very well constructed. Good topic sentences. You have used a range of linkers throughout the essay.
文章有非常清晰地整体结构，段落和句子非常规整，主题句写的很好。连接词多样性丰富。

- Lexical Resource 词汇丰富程度 :

The range of vocabulary is very good and there is flexibility in use. “Good vocabulary” guarantee a
successful career, to live independently, pursuing higher education, to obtain a lot of real experience,
progress rapidly, to meet academic qualifications.
词汇使用丰富，有高分词汇出现。

- Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性及准确度 :

You use a range of structures accurately and there is a good range of structures. No errors detected.
没有语法错误。准确的使用了多样的句子结构。

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 Thesis Led 论文式 - 律师式
题目问法：Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
To what extent to do you agree or disagree?

文章结构：

INTRODUCTION 开头段 :

绝对正确的观点 + 题目改写 + 个人立场 （personal opinion）

“In recent decades, there has been tremendously economic development. However, the gap between the rich
and the poor nations remains considerable.”
“It’s true that people make more money. However there are still a lot of poor people in the world.”

BODY PARAGRAPHS 主体段 : 不许出现个人观点

·Body 1: 观点 1，2-3 个 supporting idea（非个人观点）
·Body 2: 观点 2，2-3 个 supporting idea（非个人观点）

CONCLUSION 结尾段 :

总结（改写）上述两个观点，并明确指出自己支持某一边的原因（或直接改写第一段）

例如：“In conclusion, going abroad is becoming very popular. I think it’s a good idea for children to go
overseas because it increases the chances of getting a better education, gain access to different cultures, and
becoming more mature.”

你会发现论文式和争论式的形式是比较类似的，主要的区别在于 Thesis LED Essay 的作者如律师一

样不仅要考虑双方观点，同时还要表述自己的观点。

** 不要尝试去展示 how smart you are. 不要 write like a writer. 请你 try to be clear.
*** 每一段的第一句话，请你直接写出这一段的 topic，接下来的 ideas 和 supporting sentences 请你保
持不要太长，clear 清楚 and well linked 很好的连接在一起 “because, for instance, moreover” 请让你的
读者可以很轻松的读完你的文章。

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 例文 + 批改：论文式 - 律师式
Sample 例文 1:

Some people say that what children watch influences their behaviour. Others believe the amount of time
they spend on television influences their behaviour most.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

MODEL ESSAY:

While it is true that watching TV affects children, it is difficult to determine whether it is the content of
the programs or the length of time spent watching them that has a more significant impact on children. It
seems to me that although the amount of time does affect youngsters, it is the content of the programs that
has a more marked influence on them.
On the on hand, the consequences of watching TV for long periods of time can be deleterious. Firstly,
the longer children are exposed to TV programs, the more likely it is for them to become addicted to
watching television. When children become over-reliant on television for entertainment, they might neglect
engagement in outdoor activities. This may result in a sedentary lifestyle that is highly detrimental to their
physical health. More importantly, excessive TV watching impairs children’s communication abilities, so
they find it hard to play or live in harmony with others. As a result, children would feel discouraged from
having real interactions with people around them if they spent a hug amount of time in front of the screen,
which may hinder their development of social skills.
On the other hand, it is the broadcasted images that have the most direct effects on young viewers. Firstly,
in most countries the majority of TV shows present glamorized depictions of inappropriate materials such
as violence, drug abuse or casual sex, thus youngsters may adopt unhealthy habits and improper behaviour
that the use of alcoholic drinks is fashionable without being aware of the health risks they carry and later
end up consuming these substances. Besides, in our modern consumer society, commercials also affect how
children behave. Unwary young viewers could be easily swayed by captivating advertisements for junk food
or video games, products whose target audience includes children, and so may pester their parents to buy
these goods impulsively.
In conclusion, although both factors have their own implications, I believe the element with more
considerable impacts on children is the content. Hence, parental involvement is essential in controlling
children’s TV viewing habits and in shaping a child’s values to help them enter adult life with a healthy
mind. (360 words.)

IELTS EXAMINER COMMENTS 考官分析 :

- Task Response 任务完成度 :
这是一道难度较高，比较新颖的题目，你的回答非常充分，贴合主题。在内容的展开上已经接近了完美。
所有论点都被论证的很充分。I have to give a score of 8.5 for this section.

- Coherence and Cohesion 文章连贯性 :

你的段落结构非常清晰，文章连贯，清晰，有很好的逻辑。你每段开头的 topic sentences 都写的很好，
紧扣主题。I, therefore, scored 9.

- Lexical Resource 词汇丰富程度 :

文章语言词汇非常丰富，有众多非常地道的词组或短语 : become addicted to watching television,
become over-reliant on television for entertainment, engagement in outdoor activities, find it hard to play
or live in harmony with others, feel discouraged from having real interactions, etc.
- Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性及准确度 :
你有很好的语法多样性，是一个驾驭语言的能手，其中包含了 adverb clauses 状语从句 , relative
clauses 关系从句 , conditional forms 条件句 , comparatives 比较级 and other useful constructions. So, this
section again achieves a maximum score.

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Sample 例文 2:

Some people believe that people have the right to university education, and government should make it free
no matter what their financial background. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

MODEL ESSAY:

It is true that some people argue for the universal right to free university education. While I accept that this
may suit many people, I believe that it is impractical for governments to implement such a policy.

On the one hand, it is not a practical dream to expect government authorities to fund higher education for
those poorer sections of society, with low incomes and no savings. Without such funding, people from poor
backgrounds would be unable to attend university. As a result, they would be excluded from many well-
paid careers, such as engineers, doctors or lawyers. Social inequalities would be perpetuated and society as
a whole would suffer, since those from low-income backgrounds would have no opportunities to develop
their talents. The example of the US, during the struggle for civil rights for blacks and other minorities,
shows the folly of denying equal educational opportunities for the poor.

On the other hand, there would be an enormous strain on government budgets if free access to university
were a right for everyone. At its simplest, people from rich families can afford to pay tuition fees and
for their own maintenance during their studies. Attendance at university is a privilege, no a right, and if
students can afford to pay for their studies, they should do so. In practical terms, governments cannot pay
for the rich as well as the poor. Governments are faced with practical decisions on how to allocate their
finite budgets, and funding free higher education for everyone would mean less money to spend on pressing
issues such as health care or the environment.

In conclusion, I disagree with the view that free higher education should be a right for everyone in society,
and funding should be limited to those who otherwise could not afford to attend university. (297 words)

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Sample 例文 3

Schools should not force children to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree with this
statement?

MODEL ESSAY:

It is true that some people argue that a foreign language should not be one of the compulsory subjects
studies in schools. While I believe that it is useful for school-children to learn a foreign language, I
completely agree that they should not be forced to do so.

On the one hand, it will benefit the education of most children if they are encouraged to learn a foreign
language during their school years. Firstly, through studying the language they will learn about the culture
of that country, and some schools even arrange exchange visits, to enable students to briefly immerse
themselves in the culture of the foreign country whose language they are learning. Secondly, children
can access information in another language. For example, if they are studying English, they can enjoy
websites which are only available in English on any topic in which they are interested. Finally, children
can be encouraged to learn a foreign language through the range of enjoyable and fun materials available
nowadays, especially interactive online learning.

Oh the other hand, it would be counterproductive to forcibly oblige schoolchildren to learn a foreign
language. One reason is that children will not learn effectively through compulsion alone. They must be
motivated to do so and this is only achieved through enthusiastic teachers who select stimulating language-
learning activities. Another reason is that schoolchildren will be reluctant to learn a foreign language if
they cannot see why it might be relevant to their present or future lives. For example, individual Vietnamese
pupils should not be forced to learn English if they are certain that they will never need or want to use it in
the future.

In conclusion, I would argue that schools should encourage, but not compel, children to learn a foreign
language. (292 words)

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
优势 & 劣势

题目特征：

·People in the community can buy cheaper products nowadays. Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages?

·In the past, people stored knowledge in the books. Nowadays , it is stored on the Internet. Do the benefits
outweigh the drawbacks?

·In many countries, more and more people buy a wider range of household goods like television,
microwave oven and rice cooker. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

·Do you think this trend has more advantages or disadvantages?

文章结构

INTRODUCTION 开头段 :
题目改写的一句废话 + 个人选择

BODY 1 (2-3 Advantages) 主体段 1:

一句主题句 +Advantage 1+ 证据总 + 证据细节 +Advantage 2+ 证据总 + 证据细节

BODY 2 (2-3 Disadvantages) 主体段 2:

一句主题句 +Disadvantage 1+ 证据总 + 证据细节 +Disadvantage 2+ 证据总 + 证据细节

CONCLUSION 结尾段 :
总结（改写）上述两个观点，并明确指出自己支持某一边的原因（或直接改写第一段）

Note 注意事项 :
Advantages & Disadvantages 使用客观性意见语言

证据 可以包含 examples, explanations, facts or consequences. 这个题型的特点是每个证据要多往现实方

面深究一句话。

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 例文 - 优势 & 劣势
International travel has many advantages to both travellers and the country that they visited. Do
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

MODEL ANSWER:

It is true that the growth of the international travel industry has brought many benefits to both
travellers and the host nations which receive them. While there are serious negative consequences of this
development, I would argue that these are outweighed by the advantages.

On the one hand, there are some aspects of international travel. Principally the tourist trade, which raises
cause for concern. In terms of the tourists themselves, they often arrive at an overseas destination only to
find that the prices of everything are grossly inflate. They may be overcharged for everything from a taxi,
a meal in a restaurant or buying a souvenir In terms of the host country, the problems of waste disposal,
pollution and unregulated construction of hotels and tourist attractions often result in permanent damage
to the environment. Many beach resorts in Thailand and Malaysia, for example, have become “concrete
jungles” of high-rise hotels and apartments to accommodate mass tourism from Europe.

On the other hand, despite such grave issues, these are not insurmountable and must be considered against
the advantages of the growing international travel industry. Firstly, there is ever-greater competition among
tour operators to provide value for money holidays, so that holiday-makers can enjoy their experience of
a foreign country and culture to the full. Secondly, the influx of foreign tourists brings money to the host
country through the provision of jobs and services for the developing hotel and construction industries.
Employees in these sectors generally benefit from higher wages and improved living standards.

In conclusion, I believe that the advantages of international travel for both travellers and host countries
are greater than the drawbacks, serious though these are. (277 words)

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 Problem & Solution
题目特征：

These days, an increasing number of people in many cities know little about their neighbours and do not
have a sense of community. What do you think are the causes and what solutions can you suggest?

文章结构

我们要明确，此类题型的回答结构与口语 P3 非常类似 (cause and effect 原因结果 , comparison 对比 ,

conditionals 条件 )

INTRODUCTION 开头段 :

文章改写（原因）+ 结果 + 深入影响
例如：“Nowadays, traffic in cities is becoming a serious problem. As a result, the pollution from these
vehicles is causing a serious problem. This problem is leading to respiratory illness for urban residence and
visitors.”

BODY PARAGRAPHS 主体段 :

BODY 1: Problem 1 + Solution 1 or Problem 1 + Problem 2

BODY 2: Problem 2 + Solution 2 or Solution 1 + Solution 2

CONCLUSION 结尾段 :

第一段的改写（问题 + 解决方案）+ 预测（如有时间，使用条件句）

例如：“In conclusion, the large number of vehicles are reducing people’s mental and physical health.
Governments need to spend more money on public transportation, and people must actually use them.
Unless people take the environment more seriously, and governments start investing in this problem, it’s
likely that we won’t see any reduction in this issue. ”

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 例文 -Problem & Solution

The gap between the rich and the poor is increasingly wide, as rich people become richer and poor people
grow poorer. What problems could this situation cause? What are the solutions to address those problems?

MODEL ESSAY:

It is true that the gap between the rich and the poor is growing wider in many regions of the world.
While the problems that result are complex, fundamental solutions based on expanding education
should be adopted to tackle this problem.

Increasing levels of poverty and rising wealth inequalities impact on the economic growth of
a country and the security of its citizens. In economic terms, the existence of a large mass of
unemployed or low-paid workers directly affects domestic businesses, such as local shops and
factories. As nobody has money to buy their products, they are themselves forced to close, creating
further unemployment. In terms of public security, without the means of obtaining money trough
work, the poor may turn to crimes such as drug trafficking, prostitution, robbery and violent
attacks on the others. Youth unemployment has, in particular, been linked with rising crime rates.

Governments must, therefore, expand educational opportunities to benefit all their citizens,
in order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. The provision of a better standard
of schooling in slum areas of cities and in poor rural regions would enable children to reach a
higher level of educational attainment. Grants and scholarships could be used to help students to
remain in education for longer and gain qualifications. In particular, technical education could
be expanded, helping poorer children to learn trades. In construction, engineer, and agriculture,
a highly-educated workforce will be needed in the future, and skilled workers will be able to
command high salaries and enjoy a decent standard of living. As work opportunities improve,
crime rates will fall.

Thus, dealing with the problem at its roots, by expanding educational opportunities, the
authorities would be able to reduce the gap between the wealthy and poor sectors of society.
(293 words)

IELTS EXAMINER COMMENTS 考官评论 :

- Task Response:
Well-developed, with relevant, extended and supported ideas. 没有举太多 problems，深度的剖析
了 2 个问题，完成度很高。

- Coherence and Cohesion:

逻辑清晰，连接自然。

- Lexical Resource:
词 汇 丰 富：Increasing levels of poverty and rising wealth inequalities impact on the economic
growth of a country and the security of its citizens；the poor may turn to crimes such as drug
trafficking, prostitution, robbery and violent attacks on others…

- Grammatical Range and Accuracy:

语法多样。

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 2 Part Question/Report 报告

题目特征：

·In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food rather than food
produced locally. Why do people buy imported food? What could be done to encourage people to
buy local food?

文章结构

INTRODUCTION 开头段 :
一句正确的废话 +1-2 句（问题 1，问题 2）

BODY 1 主体段 1:
一句主题句（回答问题 1）+ 理由 1+ 证据细节 + 理由 2+ 证据细节

BODY 2 主体段 2:
一句主题句（回答问题 2）+ 理由 1+ 证据细节 + 理由 2+ 证据细节

CONCLUSION 结尾段 :
总结（改写）上述两个观点（或直接改写第一段）

** 此类题目出现几率不高（约 6%），重点要明确的是问题一和问题二要在 Body 段分开来写。由于

此类题型的问题一和问题二之间的关系可能不

*** 此类题目的 Body 段对于客观或个人表达要求不很严谨，保持客观次数 > 个人就好。

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 例文 -2 Part Question
Sample 1:

Today, more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of traveling
for the travellers?

MODEL ESSAY:

It is true that in many countries the number of people travelling has increased over recent years. There
are reasons which can be identified to account for this trend and travellers undoubtedly benefit from the
chance to travel more frequently and to visit even the far-flung destinations.

At least two important factors help to explain why an increasing number of people are now able to enjoy
domestic and international travel. Firstly, growing prosperity and a rise in living standards in many
countries have enabled people to enjoy things which they could never have before. With greater disposable
income, family luxuries such as holidays have now become affordable. Secondly, competition among tour
operators has reduced the cost of traveling. Only a few decades ago, for example, budget airlines did not
exist, but now they are used by millions of passengers each year.

In my view, in the case of both domestic and international travel, there are clear advantages for
travellers. People now have a wide choice of places to go and things to see and do. They are now able to
experience other parts of their own countries or to enjoy the richness of unfamiliar and, sometimes, exotic
destinations. Thailand, for instance, is immensely popular with tourists from all over the world, including
Vietnam. Visitors enjoy not only the unique cuisine but also the rich historical heritage of Thai temples and
traditions. Another advantage for many people, now that travel is less costly, is the chance to be reunited
with family members who have moved abroad because of work, study or simply in search of a better life.
Family ties can be maintained and strengthened thanks to the greater opportunities to travel.

In conclusion, there are clear reasons why more people are traveling and there are obvious advantages for
travellers. (299 words)

IELTS EXAMINER COMMENTS 考官评论 :

- Task Response:
非常有趣的一篇写作。在第二段，针对于此趋势相关的两个原因都抓的很准，描述很饱满。在第三段，
你主要针对了积极方面的观点并给出了贴近真实生活的例子来进一步论述你的观点，My score for TR
is 9.

- Coherence and Cohesion:

主题句写的很简明清晰，直观易懂。第二段和第三段的论述读起来毫不费力，连接清晰。For
coherence/cohesion, my score is 9.

- Lexical Resource:
词 伙 运 用 出 彩， 地 道： far-flung destinations, have a wide choices of places to go, to be immensely
popular with, etc.

- Grammatical Range and Accuracy:

You use a range of structures both simple and complex. As with lexis, this area of your writing is strong. 同
时运用了简单和复杂的句式，语法运用能力强。

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Sample 2:

In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food rather than food produced locally.
Why do people buy imported food? What could be done to encourage people to buy local food?

MODEL ANSWER:

It is true that the consumption of imported food has increased in recent years. There are some factors
which help to account for this trend, but measures can be implemented to encourage more people to eat
food which is grown locally.

In many countries, people are buying more imported food and there are a number of reasons to explain
why this is happening. Firstly, the attractive marketing and presentation of imported food products give
them an appealing and appetizing appearance. Consumers then come to expect certain high standards
of packaging, so that food looks tasty, safe, hygienic and, in the case of some products, easy to prepare.
Secondly, the availability of a wide range of imported food enables people to vary their diet and experiment
with new recipes. This may provide a welcome change from eating the same meals everyday, which
inevitably becomes tedious and no longer stimulates the taste buds.

It is possible, however, to take steps to encourage the consumption of locally produced food. Local growers
should ensure that their products always look clean and fresh. In Vietnam, for example, all the fruit and
vegetables, meat and fish on display at local markets must be presented in scrupulously hygienic conditions,
protected by plastic wrapping to keep away dust or flies. The government should enforce strict food safety
regulations. Another measure could be to increase the variety of food produced by local farmers, which
would then eliminate the need to import those foods from other countries. This would stimulate the local
economy and reduce the environmental costs of transportation known as food miles.

In conclusion, while are some obvious reasons to explain the rise in popularity of imported food, some
simple measures should be adopted by local food growers to meet this challenge. (294 words)

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 特殊题型
出题几率 <4%

1. Nowadays people always throw old things away,What causes this problem? What effects does the
phenomenon lead to?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience. （2018/09/08）

2. Report shows that it is increasingly expensive to keep museums open to public. Find the best way to fund
them (government, business or individuals). (2018/10/20)

3. Many young people like pop stars and international movie stars rather than famous people about history
of their country. Why? Measures? (2018/12/13)

4. Many young people leave school with negative attitudes towards learning? What are the causes? How to
encourage young people to study. (2017/03/04)

5. A recent newspaper article reports that a 14-year-old boy who seriously destroyed his school got a
punishment to clean streets instead of sent to the prison, do you think this is right, or the young criminals
should be sent to the jail? (2016/01/14)

6. We can get knowledge from news. But some people even think we should not trust the journalists. What
do you think? And what do you think are the important qualities that a journalist should have? (2016/03/05)

7.Today many children spend a lot of time playing computer games and little time on sports. Why is it? Is it
a positive or negative development? (2016/03/30)

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 雅思写作 Task1 简介

Report 到底是写什么？

雅思写作的第一部分主要是考察描述图表的能力。当我说 “描述”，我是说你会告诉考官这个是一个
什么样的图表。例如，我有一个关于快餐消费量的图表，我只需要描述 “快餐的消费增长了”，而不
需要说“快餐的消费增长了，因为快餐还吃还不贵”。你不需要为现象做出解释。对表面现象的解释主
要是 task 2 的小论文考察的要素。所以，在 task 1 写作，你要做的就是简单的描述一下图表上的信息
即可。

那你可能会说了，都有什么样的图表呢？这是个非常好的问题。下面我就给你所有 task1 会考到的图

表。

下面的图表叫做流程图（flow chart），流程图主要是展示做成某一件事情所需要的步骤和方法。

Flow chart 流程图：

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下面的图表是 line chart 或者叫做 line graph - 折线图 . 折线图主要展示在一定的时间之内事物的变化。

Line Chart 折线图 :

雅思写作中另一个图表叫做 table 表格，和桌子是一个词。表格在我们的日常生活中是相当常见了。

Table 表格 :

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另外一种叫做 pie chart 饼状图。 饼状图主要用来标记不同事物占有总量的百分比。

Pie Chart 饼状图 :

接下来，还有一种非常常考的图表是条形图，英文叫做 column graph 或者叫 bar graph。条状图经常

会对比在不同时间内数据的变化。
Bar Graph 条形图 :

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除了上面的图表们，雅思写作的第一部分还有一种题型，那就是地图 Maps。在地图题，往往会拿某
一地点在两个时间来做对比。
Maps 地图 :

All right，看完都有什么题型之后，我来给你介绍几个你必须知道的考试规则。首先，你必须写至少
150 个词，少于 150 词是不会高于 5 分的。你需要至少写到 200 字左右才能拿到（7.5 - 8.0）的高分。

那么 Task 2 的论文是最少要写 250 字，同时 task 2 占写作总分的 2/3，也就是 task 1 的两倍。雅思写

作考试总共 60 分钟，所以我们建议你花 40 分钟写 task 2，20 分钟写 task 1。

雅思官方给的写作评分标准：
1. Task Achievement 任务完成程度 (25%)
2. Coherence and Cohesion 文章连贯性 (25%)
3. Lexical Resource 词汇丰富程度 (25%)
4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性与准确性 (25%)

好专业，能不能说人话？
1. 任务完成程度：简单来说就是，有没有紧扣主题。有没有涵盖题目中所有的主要信息。有没有写
够字数。
2. 文章连贯性：这就是说你的文章结构是不是有逻辑；你的信息之间有没有过渡；整篇文章读起来
是否通顺。
3. 词汇丰富程度：就是在说词汇量。雅思写作中不仅考察你能不能用一些高级词汇，同时更主要是
考察在表达相同含义的时候，你有没有多样的表达方式，同时能不能地道的使用你的词汇。如果你
再拽大词的时候拼错了，那也是会扣分的。同时词汇的词性也必须使用得当，不然也是会扣分的。
4. 语法多样性与准确性：很显然的，这就是在考察你的语法能力。对所有烤鸭来说，语法都是噩梦。
你可能会说，我一写就是语法错误，还要语法多样性，这也太难啊了吧？对，如果你只用简单的语法，
虽然你可能不会犯错，但是也很难拿到 7 分的高分。想拿高分的烤鸭们，你们必须跟我学会如何展
示你对语言的驾驭能力。

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同学们不要气馁，我通过近五年的雅思教学经验，可以很负责的告诉你，task 1 是很有可能拿到 7 分
以上的，只要你学完我们的资料，踏实地多练习！因为 task 1 的语言，句式，语法和考点非常的有限！
你不需要会特别多的技巧来考一个高分！

雅思就是一场游戏，不过就是加分减分。我们要做的就是了解他的套路，多加分，少减分。

接下来我们就来介绍你需要掌握的语法和句子结构。你用这些语法和句子结构就完全可以拿一个高
分！

Task 1 高分写作流程

1. 读懂标题！
你必须在开始写之前把题目审清。比如 :
“ The table below shows how many tourists from five countries visiting Australia in different years
from 1991 and 1999. ”
当你读完题目，看着图表时，你应该分析出下列问题：
·什么时态 ? ( 过去时 )
·图表是关于什么的数据 ? (the number of tourists 旅客数量 )
·计量单位 ? (thousand 千人 )
* 如果写错计量单位，在 task response 任务完成度那里会丢非常多的分数。
那你可能会说了，都有什么样的图表呢？这是个非常好的问题。下面我就给你所有 task1 会考到
的图表。

下面的图表叫做流程图（flow chart），流程图主要是展示做成某一件事情所需要的步骤和方法。

2. 分析数据趋势 :
出于对字数限制的考虑，考生只需要考虑下列趋势即可：
·The general trend 总体趋势 . (From beginning to the end.) 总的来说是上升，下降，还是持平 ?
·任何的 peaks 最高值 , dips 最低值 , fluctuations 波动 , 和中值 .
· 最 高 级 (highest 最 高 数 值 , least 最 低 数 值 , most 大 多 数 , fewest 少 数 .) For example, which
country ad for the most or fewest visitors?

3. 确立中心思想 ?
T1 写作的中心思想是 the most important features 最重要的特征 ( 趋势，显然的对比，显然的最
高级 )。
比如 : “overall, the number of visitors from all five countries increased, meanwhile the us and the UK
accounted for the most tourists throughout the period.”
当你的中心句可以像上面这句明显的描述出整体趋势的时候，你已经可以在任务完成度这一项达
到 7.0+ 了 . 换言之，想要得到高分，中心句必须写好。

4. 梳理你的段落：
高分模板 :
·Introduction 开头段
·Overview 中心思想段
·Body 1 主体 1
·Body 2 主体 2 （如果题目信息丰富，或层次多样）
开头段一定是题目的句子改写。（模板见下一页）
中心思想段必须是一句带有整体趋势或对比的文字。
中心思想模板句 :
-The graph shows (information about)/indicates/illustrates/highlight (the data about)…

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 -As the graph shows…
-It is clear from the graph (that)…
-As is shown by the graph (that)…
-It can be seen from the graph (that)…
-As can be clearly seen from the graph…
-From the graph, it is clear that…
-As is illustrated by the graph, …

主体段的重点在于有逻辑的叙述一些图中的数据。
例如，第 20 页的题目中有多个国家，数字和百分比。我们即可以在 Body 1 描述完成所有的数字
部分，then，在 Body 2 中对于百分比部分进行描述。

实用的句子改写词汇 & 模板
原文句子 : “The chart below shows…”
改写句子 : “the line graph/the line chart indicates/depicts/reveals/illustrates…”
·Sales = income = revenue = turnover = how much money was made
·The income rate = the income level = the level of income = the rate of income = the level of revenue
= the revenue rate = the revenue level
·New York City bookstore = bookstore in New York City
·Proportion = percentage = rate
·The proportion of = the percentage of = the figure for
·From 2000 to 2005 = between 2000 and 2005 = over a period of ( ) years
·The elderly = elderly people = senior citizens
·Spending = expenditure
·Information = data
·Levels of unemployment = unemployment rate
·Poverty rate = Level of poverty
·Production = manufacturing = be produced = be made = be manufactured
注意 :
考官不关心你写了什么，他们只关心你在不跑题的情况下的语言运用。

Task1 写作规矩

1. 最少 150 字 , 最多 220 字
2. 每两段之间必须空一行，注意书写必须整洁
3. 不要过度发挥，描述事实即可

T1 易犯错误

1. 副词和形容词错误
2. 没有句子改写，或改写过于相似
3. 描述词用词不当
4. 有问号
5. 时态错误
6. 开头段和中心思想段使用过多具体数据
7. 大小写
8. 描述语言重复性太强
9. 中心思想没有描写趋势或进行宏观对比

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 能有效拿到 8+ 的句子结构

1. 表达具体数字 :
·The price of gas stood at $2.75 per gallon.
·In 2005, the sugar export accounted for about 10% of total exports.

2. 表达趋势走向 :
·There was a decrease in the price of gas/ gas prices.
·There was an increase in the sugar export/ export of sugar/ exported sugar.
·Gas prices/ the price of gas decreased by nearly 10%.
·The export of sugar/ the sugar export/ the exported sugar increased.
·Gas prices/ the price of gas experienced a decrease.

3. 表达时间 :
·From 1990 to 1995
·Between 1990 and 1995
·During/ throughout the period from 1995 to 2005
·During a period of 10 years
·Over the (three-month) period (between April and June)
·In 1990
·By 1995
·For 5 years

4. 语法变化 :
把句子用不同的方式连接起来就可以让你的文章读起来更有趣味性，同时提高你的分数，下面就
是几个最常见的替换“then”的句子写法 :
·CD sales increased steadily from 2005 until 2010, then fell slightly in the following year.
·CD sales increased steadily from 2005 until 2010, before falling slightly in the following year.
·After increasing steadily from 2005 until 2010, CD sales fell slightly in the following year.

5. 词汇变化 :
Again, 和刚才一样，同一句话可以用不同的方式写出来：
·There was a slight fall in CD sales in 2010.
·The year 2010 saw a slight fall in CD sales.
·CD sales experienced a slight fall in 2010.

6. 给出数据 :
当你形容关键信息的时候，一定要把图中的数据代上来支撑你的描述。图中可能出现的数据是非
常具体的数字或者百分比。注意下面例句描述数据的变化方式。
For example:
·CD sales increased slightly from 52 (million) to 70 million units between 2009 and 2010.
·CD sales increased slightly from 52 million units in 2009 to 70 million the following year.
·CD sales increased by eighteen million units from 2009 to 2010.
·During the period from 1990 to 1995, there was a decrease in gas prices from $2.70 to $2.75 per
gallon.
·There was an increase in the sugar export between May and August from about 10% to over 20%.
·Between 1990 and 1995, the price of gas decreased from $2.75 to $2.70 per gallon.
·The sugar export increased from approximately 10% to more than 20% between May and August.
·From 1990 to 1995, the price of gas experienced a decrease from $2.75 to $2.70 per gallon.
·The sugar export witnessed an increase between May and August from around 10% to over 20%.

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注意事项：
注意我们是如何在数字和日期前面使用介词的 :

·In 2000 the number fell to 20%. 降到了 20%

·In 2000 the number fell by 25%. 下降了 25%
·The number fell/dropped from 45% in 1998 to 20% in 2010
·The number fell/dropped from 45% to 20% between 1995 and 1997

你可以通过利用动词 + 副词，或者形容词 + 名词的组合的替换来改写句子 :

·There was a significant increase/rise in the number of X.
·The number of X increased/rose significantly.

注意，如果你使用了名词形式，你要主要介词和量词或的使用 :
·There was an increase in house prices;
·There was a drop of 10% in the number of male students who studied abroad.

上面我们提到的就是作为一个高分 task 1 考生的必备能力，是不是感觉也不是特别的困难？没错！

向我之前提到的，描述图表的语言变化非常有限，总共就那么几种描述方法，我希望你理解语法就
这么几种，动词也就这么几种。变化的只有题目中具体你描述的那个东西，无论是讨论汽车销售量，
还是俱乐部的会员数量。但是，it doesn’t matter! 你的语言不会变，是一个 plug and play 的模式！

除了以上句子结构之外，你也要清楚几种 task 1 必须学会的写作语言 :

1. Comparison and Superlative Language 比较级和最高级 :

Task 1 题目中的重要信息往往是有对照组出现的，想要把题目信息表达的更生动形象则必须熟练掌
握比较级和最高级的写法。

Superlative language 最高级写法

·For example: Honda was the most popular motorbike.
·Or: Honda produced the most sold motorbikes.
·The most popular means of transport was Honda.
·Honda was the most popular means of transport.
·Honda was more popular than any other means of transport.
Comparison language 比较级写法
·Honda was more popular than any other motorbikes.

其他几种高分常用写法 :
·More males than females chose Honda.
·Fewer females than males chose Honda.
·Honda was more popular among males than females.
·Honda was less popular among females than males.
·Honda was chosen by more males than females.
·A higher percentage of males chose Honda than males.
·Compared to/with the number of females, the number of males were considerably higher/lower.
·The number of males were considerably higher compared to/with the number of females.

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2. Trend Language 趋势 & 变化语言 :

如果题目中有多个时间点，单位可以是天 / 周 / 月 / 年 / 十年等，这时候我们很有可能就需要使用
趋势语言。趋势语言指的主要是类似于“increase”，“decrease”。

多个时间点的意思是说，我们可以描述年之间的趋势 1990 and 2000, 或者月的趋势 January and June,

或天的趋势 Monday and Friday。

Note: 如果图表中只有一个时间点，那我们就只可以用比较级和最高级的语言，我们不能用“increase”,
“decrease”, “fluctuated”这些描述趋势变化的。

但是，如果图表中有多个时间点，代表我们可以用趋势语言，同时我们依然可以用比较级和最高级
的写法来让文章更加形象。高分的同学应该灵活使用这两种写作手法。

Ok, 那么现在我就给你介绍都有哪些 task 1 的词汇我们需要掌握！请同学们一定要注意词性。

趋势 & 变化语言 : 句式和词汇

必备动词 & 名词：

机智的同学已经在英文旁边写上他们的中文翻译：

plunge plunge

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 Meaning Verb. Noun
No change level off at a leveling off at

remain in the same

remain unchanged

remain constant

remain stable

stay constant

stay stable

stay steady

keep unchanged

Meaning Verb. Noun

Constant
change fluctuate fluctuation

vary(around) variaiton

Meaning Verb. Noun

Constant of a low of
bottom out at
direction

hit a low point of a high of

hit a high point of

hit a lowest point of

hit the largest of

peak at

reach a peak of

stand at

start/begin at

end/finish at

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必备形容词 & 副词：

Gradual Decrease
Decrease Rapid Decrease

Steadiness or Standability
Rapid Increase

Increase

Gradual Increase Rapid Changes

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必备句子结构：
There + Be + Adj. + Noun + In +Noun Phrase（名词性短语）
·There was a significant increase in the number of unemployed people during the period.
·There was a slight increase in the gold price/the price of gold between 2005 and 2010.
Noun Phrase（名词性短语） + Verb + Adverb
·The number of unemployed people increased significantly during the period.
·The gold price/the price of old increased slightly.

必备时间短语：（具体数字均可替换）
机智的同学已经把中文翻译标记在空白处了！
·From 1995 to 2005
·For 10 years
·Between 1995 and 2005
·During/throughout the period from 1995 o 2005
·Over the (three-month) period (between April and June)
·In the first/last three months of the year
·After that/then
·Until
·Throughout the year/throughout the period/each month of the year
·Subsequently
·For the rest of the year
·At the beginning of the year/period

描述“大概”的词汇：
·Just over
·Nearly
·About
·Around
·Almost
·Approximately
·Just about
·Very nearly
·Just over
·More than
·Less than

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常见趋势类型：

A downward trend

The consumption for Hamburger witnessed a

downward trend over the period.

Fall steadily

Expenditure on landline phones fell steadily over

the 10-year period.

Drop/decrease slightly

The proportion of bus commuters dropped/

decreased slightly to 15% in 2002.

Rise gradually

The proportions of elderly people in the UK rose

gradually over the next 20 years.

Level off

The unemployment rate levelled off at 18% in

2008.

Drop suddenly

The figure dropped suddenly to 10% in 1975.

Increase/climb sharply

The number of people using computers

increased/climbed sharply from 2002 to 2005.

An upward trend

There was an upward trend in the number of

people using the Internet between 1995 and 2005.

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* 特别使用说明！
我们的词汇和短语已经涵盖了所有考到 8 分你所需要的，但是在使用那些词汇之前，请把下面这些
特殊用法学会。
1. Plunge & plummet 急剧下降
“plunge” 和 “plummet” 后不可以加副词，因为它们的含义中已经有了“急剧” 的意思 = a big
decrease.
我 们 可 以 写 “decreased considerably/sharply/dramatically/significantly/substantially” 或 者 直 接 写
“plunged” or “plummeted”.
我们一定不要写成下面这样：
“plummeted/plunged considerably/sharply/dramatically/significantly/substantially”

2. Rocket 急剧上升
就像上面说的 , “rocket” 这个词同样不可以在后面加副词。所以如果你写 increased significantly,
rose sharply, 它们和 rocketed 是一样的。

3. Steadily & gradually 逐渐地

不用于 slightly 是小变化的含义。Steadily 和 gradually 是 在一段时间内的较小变化。

Slightly 更针对于 amount 也是就数量上的变化 . Steadily and gradually 更在说一个变化的趋势或者

情况，比如出生率的变化。

For example: he or she grows gradually/he = she grows over time.

4. Levelled off & stabilized 稳定的

这两种说法代表 flat changes 平的变化（几乎没变化）or no changes really（就是没变化）, 但是我需
要学生明白 levelled off and stabilized 只可以用在一个趋势的后面。
For example:
·The figure remained the same before increasing.
·The figure remained stable before increasing.
·The figure remained unchanged before increasing.
·The figure remained constant before increasing.
我们在以上几句话中不可以用 “stabilized or levelled off”。恰当的用法应该如下：
·Sales fluctuated before they levelled off.
·Sale fluctuated before they stabilized.
* 一定不要在开头用到 levelled off 和 stabilized 因为往往是错的。

5. Fluctuation 波动
你可以说 fluctuated significantly/wildly (big changes) or slightly (small changes).
eg. The birthday fluctuated significantly/wildly/slightly between 2000 and 2005.

6. Reached a low/high 触及一个低点 / 高点

“Reach” 永远要用在一个变化的后面 .
eg. Car sales started to decrease and soon reached a low of 15,000 in year 2000.

7. Reached a peak 触及到顶峰

“A peak” 一定是最高点。
For example:
·The number of people who were unemployed reached a peak of 2000 people in 2015.
·The number of tourists reached a peak of 15 million in 1995.

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8. Stood at 站在…
这是一个非常实用的可以描述图中任何数据的短语。
常用搭配 :
·At the beginning it stood at…
·Afterwards, it stood at…
·…, then it stood at…

9. Started at/began at 开始在…

此短语适用在开头。
·In 2000, the figure for internet users started at approximately 50 million.
·The amount of meat consumed weekly began at about 150 grams.

10. Ended at/finished at 最终结束在…

·The figure finished at over 50%.

11. Dipped/decreased slightly 轻微的下降

·Expenditure on furniture dipped slightly from 9% to 7% between 2002 and 2005.
·Coffee sales decreased slightly between June and August.

12. Increased slightly/increased gradually 轻微的增长

·The number of people using the internet increased slightly between 1995 and 2005.
·From 2002 to 2004, CD sales in the UK increased gradually from 3 to 4 million - a rise of 30%. ( 超
高分句式 !)

13. Experienced/witnessed/saw a decrease/a decline/a rise/an increase 经历了一个…

·Laptop prices experienced a decrease/decline/rise/increase.

14. Figure vs Contribution 数字 vs 占比

“Figure” means the number. It is whatever you would see on a chart/table.
“Contribution” means how much do you give to something. It works when we talk about percentages:
·The contribution of romance films stood at more than 50% in 1990.
·Romance film’s contribution stood at more than 50% in 1990.
·Romance file contributed more than 50% in 1990.

15. 其他实用说法 :
·Doubling = twice (10% to 20%)
·Tripling = three times (10% to 30%)
·Rocketed = increased substantially/significantly/dramatically
·Plunged = plummeted = decreased substantially/significantly/dramatically
·Decrease = decline = fall = experience a decrease

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Template 模板

As far as I know, 我们在这一节补充的模板是我想让你必须学会的，因为他们是最容易的必要写作模

板句。这些句子中并没有华丽的形容词和副词，他们非常简单：

Let’s look at these again:

·The purchase of Honda increased slightly from…to…
·Honda sales grew slightly from nearly…to…
·Honda sales decreased substantially, falling from…to… Sales of Yamaha rocketed.
·Sales of Yamaha increased substantially.

你不需要非常的有创造性，Task 1 的小作文就是 plug and play，是一个纯公式性的写作。即使没有特

殊的形容词副词，依然可以完成流畅的，高分的写作。

For example 你可以写 :

·Coffee sales began at 50 thousand dollars, then decreased slightly to 48 thousand dollars.
Subsequently, sales plunged and reached a low of 40 thousand dollars between June and August.
Afterwards, coffee sales rocketed to a high of 70 thousand dollars. Sales remained stable before
decreasing and stabilizing at…
·Started at a high… then it fell slightly…then it levelled of…

更多语法技巧（高分 only）
Future Tense 将来时
结构 1:
The prediction/expectation/projection/estimation/forecast/anticipations/likelihood + shows/
reveals/indicates/is that + there will be a dramatic increase in + the number of car use.
结构 2:
It is predicted/expected/projected/estimated/forecasted/anticipated/likely that + the number of car
users + will increase dramatically.
结构 3:
The number of car users + are predicted/expected/projected/estimated/forecasted/anticipated/likely
that + the number of car users + will increase dramatically.

Future Perfect 将来完成时

·Will + have + 过去分词
Instead of saying “ the price of food is expected to decline to 20 dollars in 2020.”
We can say “the price of food is expected to have declined to 20 dollars by 2020.”
Or “the price of food is expected to have experienced a decline to 20 dollars by 2020.”
Or “it is expected that the price of food will have declined to 20 dollars by 2020.”

Combination of Past and Future 先过去后将来

In 2010, the figure stood at…(past tense)…, but it is expected to increase slightly to…(future tense)…

“Respectively” 各自的
The GDP of the U.S. and China ranked the first and second respectively.
这句话的意思是美国排名第一，中国第二。

Correlation 相互关系 (“as” & “while”)

We use “as” and “while” to show two things happening at the same time.
As China’s GDP grew 7% between 2015 and 2016, Japan’s GDP remained the same.
While Japan’s GDP remained the same from 2015 to 2016, China’s GDP increased 7%.

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Majority 的地道用法
·“The majority” means more than 50%.
·51% = a small majority of
·>75% = a vast majority of
·We use the definite article “the” + majority when we have only one majority.
·49% = a minority/just under half
·11% = a small/tiny minority of
·We use the indefinite article “a” + minority when we don’t have the only one minority.
·32 % of all tourists = nearly a third of all tourists
·47% of cars = just under half of cars
·63% of all funding = nearly two-thirds of all funding

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 Task 1 高分范文
Line Chart 折线图
The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas. Write a report for a
university lecturer describing the information shown below. Write at least 150 words.

ANSWER:
The line graph compares three regions in terms of exports of wheat between 1985 and 1990.

Overall, the three regions experienced different trends in the time period. While the wheat export in
Canada and European countries rose with some fluctuations, the export in Australia fell over time.

As the graph shows, Australia’s wheat export figure started at 15 million tons in 1985 followed by a
small increase to around 16 million tons in 1986. Then, it declined steadily until it fell to just over 10
million tons in 1990. Regarding Canada’s exports, in 1985 they shipped approximately 19 million tons
of wheat. This figure fell to about 17 million in 1986, but then their exports experienced considerable
growth to 25 million tons in 1988. Afterwards, the figure plunged to below 15 million in 1989, but then
subsequently rose to just under 20 million in 1990.

By contrast, the wheat exports from the European Community experienced an increase in the six year
period. In 1985, nearly 16 million tons were exported, but this number fell to about 14 million in 1986.
Then, the exports increased to exactly 15 million tons in 1987 and 1988 before witnessing steady growth
to 19 million and 21 million tons 1989 and 1990, respectively. (209 words)

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Bar Chart 柱状图
SAMPLE 1:
The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment
status.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

ANSWER:
The bar chart compares the amount of free time per week that males and females of five categories of
employment status had between 1998 and 1999.

It is clear that men enjoyed more hours of leisure time per week than women in three out of five
categories. However, only figures for women are shown in two categories, namely employed part-time
and house wives.

Regarding the full-time employed, obviously men had slightly more leisure time than women, with
approximately 45 hours of free time per week, compared to around 38 hours for women. Obviously,
unemployed and retired people of both genders enjoyed the most hours of leisure time. Moreover, the
figures for retired males and females were exactly the same as those for the unemployed, at around 85
and 78 hours of free time per week, respectively. Housewives enjoyed 50 hours of spare time, a little
more than part-time working women who had just over 40 leisure hours each week. No data is given
for men in either of these categories. (169 words)

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Table 表格
SAMPLE 1:
The table below gives information about the average annual spending of university students in three
different countries.

ANSWER:
The given table compares the percentage of expenditure which college students from 3 countries spend
on different living expenses each year.

Overall, the total spending of students in country A was higher than the expenditure of students
in countries B and C. In all the countries, students spent the highest proportion of their budget on
accommodation and food.

In country A, the total spending of students is highest, at $5000 per year, compared with $4500 and $1500
for students in countries B and C respectively.

Accommodation accounts for 45% of the total expenditure of students in country A, while the
proportions were lower for students in country B at 35%; and country C, at only 30%. However, in
terms of food, students in country C spend the largest percentage of their money on it, accounting for
36%. The figures for country A and B are only 22% and 28% respectively. Students in country C also
spent a high percentage of their budget on books, at 21%, compared with 9% for students in country B
and just 3% for students in country A. By contrast, students in countries A and B spent 22% and 23%
respectively of their budget on leisure, while students in country C spent only 12% of their total money
on this category. (196 words)

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Pie Chart 饼状图
SAMPLE 1:
The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in Japan and Malaysia in the year 2010.
Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

ANSWER:
The pie charts compare the average household spending in Japan and Malaysia in terms of five
important categories in 2010.

Overall, it is clear that Japanese and Malaysian people spent the largest proportion of their budge on
just three categories, namely housing, food and other goods and services. Moreover, the expenditures
on healthcare and transport in Japan were double the figures for Malaysia.

In Malaysian households, the greatest proportion of spending was on housing, which represented
34% of the total expenditure, while in Japan, the figure for this category was just 21%. Japanese
householders spent the largest amount of their income on other goods and services, at 29%. Meanwhile,
the rate of spending on this category in Malaysia was slightly lower, at 26%. In terms of food, the
percentages of expenses for both nations were relatively similar, at 27% for Malaysia and 24% for
Japan.

In both countries, the smallest proportion of spending was on healthcare. In Malaysia, this accounted
for 3% of the total household expenses, while the figure for transport represented 10%. These figures
were exactly doubled in Japan which were 6% and 20% respectively. (188 words)

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 Map 地图题
地图题在现在的考试中出现的频率逐渐升高。但是地图题的描述方式与表格题并不一样。所以，同
学们请仔细的学习地图题的描述语言：

通过这章的学习，你的听力 S2 成绩也会有显著提升。

地图语言

1. 描述方向 :
·In the north: 在…内的北部 (California is in the west of the United States)
·To the north: 在…外的北方 (China is to the north of India)
·In the southwest: (Florida is in the southeast of the United States)
·To the southwest: (The entrance was moved to the southwest of the building)

2. 描述地点 :
·Be located/situated in: (The shopping mall was located/situated in the centre of the city was
knocked down to make way for a new university)
·Opposite: (A restaurant has been built on the opposite side of the road where the shop used to be)
·Next to: (A new car park has been construed next to the hotel)
·Along: (There was a new sidewalk along the river)
·Across from: (The park is across from the school)

3. 语法 :
多用被动语态，大多是过去式。

4. 地图题 - 动词 :
·Buildings: demolished, knocked down, constructed, built, erected
·Areas: residential area, commercial area , industrial area, parking area
·Trees: cut down/chopped down, removed, uprooted
·Factories/facilities: established, installed, placed, put in
·*Don’t say: a house was installed/established. Should be a house was built.
·Areas and zones:
an urban area = a city
a rural area = a countryside
an industrial area = factory, manufacturing, processing
residential area = houses
Recreational area = parks, green areas, gym
Entertainment area = sing karaoke, movie theatre, cinema, casino
General main points: More urban, less rural = more developed & more modern
总体客观的思想：城市化！现代化！

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如何写地图题

On the west side of the river, in the north, trees were cut down/chopped down and replaced by a stadium
by 2010. In the south, an apartment building/complex was constructed between some private homes and
the river.
Looking at/To the east, a hotel was built/erected in the north, along the river. To the east of this, an
industrial area/zone was demolished and replaced by/made way for/made way for the development of/
transformed into/converted into a golf course. In the centre/central area, an airport was established. Just
to the west of the lake, by 2010, a residential area was developed after trees were removed.

注意：

“To the north of this/next to the railway station, the residential area was transformed into an
industrial area.”
transformed into & converted into: 变化为… 只有在讲一个区域的时候使用 an area, 不可以是一个
具体的东西。

Example:

·The park was transformed into the airport. (park is an area of land)
·We can convert a rural area into an industrial area.
·The neighbourhood was transformed completely. (neighbourhood is an area of land)
·The old house were rebuilt. (house is a particular thing)

记住：** 我们使用 “a” for new, and “the” for old.

Example:

·In the south, the residential area was replaced by a warehouse. (it’s new).
·In the north, the residential area was removed to make way for the development of a stadium. (it’s
new).

*** 不要说“the left/right side of the town”. 但是你可以说 “on the left/right side of the map.”

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Map Sample

The maps show changes that took place in Youngsville in New Zealand over a 25 year period from
1980 to 2005.

ANSWER:
The maps illustrate the developments which took place in the coastal town of Youngsville between
1980 and 2005.

Overall, a comparison of the two maps reveals a complete transformation from a largely rural to
mainly urban area.

In the year 1980, the town was a much greener residential area with a large number of trees and
individual houses, but during the next 25 years, the town saw a number of significant changes. The
most noticeable is that all of the trees in the south of the River Alanah were chopped down, with all
the houses along the railway line being demolished to make way for skyscrapers. Moreover, a new
industrial zone with warehouses and factories sprang up around the school and airport.

In contrast, only a few trees in the north of the river remained. The woodland was cleared and
converted into a golf course, a park and car parking facilities. Further developments were the
construction of a stadium next to the north-east corner of the lake and the extension of the railway line
from the river running directly to the north. A Marina was also constructed at the mouth of the river.
(194 words)

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 Process 流程图
Type 1: Man-made process 人 工 流 程 图：how things are made, how things are produce, how things are
manufactured, how things are done。
主要是生产流程， 人工流程图最好写的地方是他的语法会比较简单，
句子结构也很简单，只要你正常一句不落下的把流程讲完就好。

Type 2: Natural process 自然流程图：自然流程是最难学和最难写的，因为对词汇量和理解能力的要

求非常高。

Man-made process 人工类流程图

1. 被动语态 (is/are + passive)

2. 顺序词汇。 比如 “when”或者 “how long” 或 “ how often”. For example:

·First, 做个什么事 ; then, 做了下一件事 ; next, 在做了一件事 ; before 做什么事 , 你做了什么事 ;
你 start to 做什么事 until 什么事做完了…
·You do something repeatedly/several times/twice…

3. 使用一些下列能表达目的性的句式。
Example: The milk to make chocolate is boiled which kills the bacteria.
You can also write like:
The milk to make chocolate is boiled in order to/so as to kills the bacteria.
Or:
The milk to make chocolate is boiled to make sure/to ensure the bacteria is killed.
“next, the milk is sent to the factory, where it will be turned into the cheese and ice cream.”

Try to Paraphrasing:
Fruit is picked by hand = fruit is manually collected
Fruit quality checking = the fruit is checked for quality = the fruit is checked to ensure it’s free of
bruises and not rotten.

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Process Sample

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

ANSWER:
The flow chart shows the way in which bricks are made for the building industry.

Overall, there are 7 stages in the whole brick producing process, beginning with the digging up of clay
and ending with the delivery of the bricks to the customers.

To begin, the clay used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground by a large digger. This clay is then
placed onto a metal grid, which is used to break up the clay in to smaller pieces. A roller assists in this
process. Following this, sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into bricks by
either placing it into a mould or using a wire cut. Next, these bricks are placed in a drying oven to dry
for 24 - 48 hours.

In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They are heated I na
kiln at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling
process in a cooling chamber for 48 - 72 hours. Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their
destinations. (188 words)

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Natural Process 自然流程图

可能会讲到的话题是 life cycle, water cycle, an animal, a plant… 可能有一些因素会出现在你的文章中，

例如：climate, weather pattern…

最难的地方是考察课外积累。

通常不适用被动语态。

其他特点一致。

Natural Process Language 自然流程图语言 :

Sequencers:
·Gradually
·In order to
·As a result of this
·Having completed all of these steps
·The step after this
·The final stage of the cycle is when
·At this point in the cycle
·Overtime

Ordering:
·The first stage is when + noun + verb
·To begin with
·The process commences with

Middle Stages:
·Eventually
·This step involves + verb-ing
·After this stage is completed,
·The next step is when +noun + verb
·By this stage,
·The step after this + verb
·At the same time,
·While/as
·Once A has finished, B is able to start

Last Stage:
·Once the final stage has been completed

Expressing Purpose:
·A is done to produce B
·A is done so that/in order that B can be produced

Expressing Cause and Result:

·As a result,
·This results in + noun
·A results from B/in B
·A happens, which results in B

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 ·A happens, which leads to B
·A happens, which causes B
·A happens, with the result that B happens

Natural Process Sample

Life Cycle of a Frog 青蛙的生命周期

ANSWER:
The flow chart illustrates the development of a frog from egg during its life cycle.

Overall, it is clear that there are six distinct stages illustrated in the process, commencing with
producing eggs in the water and ending with the development of a mature frog.

The first stage is when the eggs, shown as frogspawn, float on the surface of the lake. The next step
after this is the emergence of the small tadpole after the frogspawn hatches. At this point in the cycle,
the small tadpole has a small body with a long tail. Over time, the tadpole grows and its body becomes
bigger while the tail becomes longer. At the same time, the legs begin to form so as to prepare the
tadpole’s future life on land.

Eventually, the tadpole starts to grow into a young frog with a wider mouth, as shorter tail and larger
legs although it continues to live in the water. Gradually, the frog becomes mature, ready to leave the
water and moves onto the land. When being on land, it starts to breathe air and loses the tail. The final
stage of the cycle is when the adult frog finds a mate in order to lay eggs. Having completed all these
steps, the lifecycle will then begin again. (215 words)

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