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Satyabrat sahu
August 2023
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
2
Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
RR
f (x)dxdy
Like this.
Region of Integration
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z d Z b
V = f (x, y)dx dy
c a
In this we can easily see that square box.
this square represent that, we need to first integrate this
bracket then after that outer bracket.
Integration Process
ZZ X
f (x, y) dA ≈ Contributions from Each Piece
D
Double Integral
The double
RR integral of f (x, y) over the region D is de-
noted as D f (x, y) dA, where dA represents a differen-
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ
m · A(R) ≤ f (x, y) dA ≤ M · A(R).
R
Example 1
Z12 Z10
x2 + 3xy 2 + xy dxdy
9 3
2
Solution
Z
x2 + 3xy 2 + xy dx
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
x3
Z
x2 dx =
3
Z Z
3xy 2 dx = 3y 2 x dx
x2
Z
x dx =
2
2 2
So, the result is: 3x2y
Z Z
xy dx = y x dx
x2
Z
x dx =
2
x2 y
Result of this will be, 2
x3 3x2 y 2 x2 y
+ +
3 2 2
Now Simplify :
x2 2x + 9y 2 + 3y
6
x2 2x + 9y 2 + 3y
+ constant
6
Then we proceed to Second integral:
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z
x y (3y + 1)
x2 + dy
3 2
The integral of a constant times a function is the con-
stant times the integral of the function:
Z Z
2 x y (3y + 1) 2 x y (3y + 1)
x + dy = x + dy
3 2 3 2
Need to solve the integrals term by term :
Z
x xy
dy =
3 3
Z R
y (3y + 1) y (3y + 1) dy
dy =
2 2
To make it easrier we need to simplify the above inte-
grals more
Z Z
3y 2 dy = 3 y 2 dy
y3
Z
2
y dy =
3
y2
Z
y dy =
2
By simplifying all the above equation
The Final Result will be :
3 2
xy y y
x2 + +
3 2 4
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Now Simplify:
x2 y 4x + 6y 2 + 3y
12
x2 y 4x + 6y 2 + 3y
+ constant
12
And here the final answer is
x2 y 4x + 6y 2 + 3y
+ constant
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Conclusion of above example
R R
f (x) dx dy
R R
f (x) dx dy
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Example 2
Solution
Z Z
x3 sin(x) dx = −x3 cos(x) + 3 x2 cos(x) dx
Z Z
2 2
x cos(x) dx = x sin(x) − 2 x sin(x) dx
Z Z
x sin(x) dx = −x cos(x)+ cos(x) dx = −x cos(x)+sin(x)
Hence,
Z
x3 sin(x) dx = −x3 cos(x)+3[x2 sin(x)−2[−x cos(x)+sin(x)]]
Z
x3 sin(x) dx = −x3 cos(x)+3x2 sin(x)+6x cos(x)−6 sin(x)
And,
Z Z
3 3
y sin(y) dy = −y cos(y) + 3 y 2 cos(y) dy
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z Z
2 2
y cos(y) dy = y sin(y) − 2 y sin(y) dy
Z Z
y sin(y) dy = −y cos(y)+ cos(y) dy = −y cos(y)+sin(y)
Hence,
Z
y 3 sin(y) dy = −y 3 cos(y)+3[y 2 sin(y)−2[−y cos(y)+sin(y)]]
Z
y 3 sin(y) dy = −y 3 cos(y)+3y 2 sin(y)+6y cos(y)−6 sin(y)
Therefore,
ZZ Z Z
3 3 3 3
x y sin(x) sin(y) dxdy = x sin(x) dx y sin(y) dy
Example 3
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Solution
Given, f(x)=
√
2ax−x2
x2 √2ax−x2 2ax − x2 ax2 x3
Z Z Z Z
x dxdx = [ ]0 dxdx = dx = −
0 2 2 2 6
Example 4
Evaluate: Z 1Z 1
(x max(x, y) dydx)
0 0
Solution
Z 1 Z x Z 1 Z 1
2
x dydx + xydydx
x=0 y=0 x=0 y=x
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
1
1 − x2
Z
3
(x + x )dx
0 2
1 1 1 1
+ ( − )
4 2 2 4
3
8
Example 5
Solution
we know that
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z 2Z 3
V = ex+y dx dy
1 2
Z 2
x=3
= ex+y x=2 dy
1
Z 2
= (ey+3 − ey+2 )dy
1
2
= ey+3 − ey+2 1
= e5 e4 (e4 e3 ) = e5 2e4 + e3
Example 6
Solution
we see that
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z 2Z 1
V = (8x + 6y)dx dy
0 0
Z 2
2 x=1
= 4x + 6xy x=0
dy
0
Z 2
= (4 + 6y)dy
0
2
= 4y + 3y 2 0
= 20
What happen if we replace dx with dy?
Let’s see
Z 1Z 2
V = (8x + 6y)dy dx
0 0
Z 1
y=2
= 8xy + 3y 2 y=0 dx
0
Z 1
= (16x + 12)dx
0
1
= 8x2 + 12x 0
= 20
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ X n
m X
f (x, y) dA = lim f (x∗ij , yij∗ )∆A.
R m,n→∞
i=1 j=1
Z bZ d Z b Z d
f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dy dx.
a c a c
Or,
Z dZ b Z d Z b
f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dx dy.
c a c a
R b hR d i
The notation a c f (x, y) dy dx means that we
integrate f (x, y) with respect to y while holding x
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
R d hR b i
constant. Similarly, the notation c a f (x, y) dx dy
means that we integrate f (x, y) with respect to x
while holding y constant. The fact that double
integrals can be split into iterated integrals is ex-
pressed in Fubini’s theorem. Think of this the-
orem as an essential tool for evaluating double
integrals.
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Solution
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dx dy
R R
Z y=1 Z x=2
= x dx dy
y=0 x=0
" #
Z y=1 2 x=2
x
= dy
y=0 2 x=0
Z y=1 y=1
= 2 dy = 2y =2
y=0 y=0
Example 8
ZZ
(xy−3xy 2 ) dA, where R = (x, y) | 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 1 ≤ y ≤ 2 .
R
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Solution
ZZ ZZ ZZ
2
(xy − 3xy ) dA = xy dA + (−3xy 2 ) dA
R R R
Z y=2 Z x=2 Z y=2 Z x=2
= xy dx dy − 3xy 2 dx dy
y=1 x=0 y=1 x=0
y=2 x=2 y=2 2 x=2
x2
Z Z
x 2
= y dy − 3 y dy
y=1 2 x=0 y=1 2 x=0
Z y=2 Z y=2
= 2y dy − 6y 2 dy
y=1 y=1
Z 2 Z 2
=2 y dy − 6 y 2 dy
1 1
2 2 3 2
y y
=2 −6
2 1 3 1
2 2
2 3
=y − 2y
1 1
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Question 9
Solution
ZZ Z x=2 Z y=3
f (x, y) dA = (3x2 − y) dy dx
R x=0 y=0
" #
x=2 Z y=3 x=2 2 y=3
Z Z
y
= (3x2 − y) dy dx = 3x2 y − dx
x=0 y=0 x=0 2 y=0
x=2
Z x=2
9 9
= 9x2 − dx = 3x3 − x = 15.
x=0 2 2 x=0
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ Z y=3 Z x=2
f (x, y) dA = (3x2 − y) dx dy
R y=0 x=0
Z y=3 Z x=2
= (3x2 − y) dx dy
y=0 x=0
" #
Z y=3 x=2
= x3 − xy dy
y=0 x=0
Z y=3 y=3
2
= (8 − 2y) dy = 8y − y = 15.
y=0 y=0
Example 10
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Solution
ZZ Z x=π Z y=2
x sin(xy) dA = x sin(xy) dy dx
R x=0 y=1
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Z y=2 Z x=π
= x sin(xy) dx dy
y=1 x=0
Integrate with respect to x
ZZ Z y=2 Z x=π
= x sin(xy) dA = x sin(xy) dx dy
R y=1 x=0
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ Z x=π Z y=2
x sin(xy) dA = x sin(xy) dy dx
R x=0 y=1
" #
Z x=π Z u=2x Z x=π u=2x
= sin(u) du dx = − cos u dx
x=0 u=x x=0 u=x
Z x=π
= (− cos 2x + cos x) dx
x=0
x=π
1
= − sin 2x + sin x = 0.
2 x=0
Example 11
Solution
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ ZZ
V = z dA = (27 − 2x2 − y 2 ) dA
R R
Z y=3 Z x=3
= (27 − 2x2 − y 2 ) dx dy Convert to literal integral.
y=0 x=0
Z y=3 x=3
2
= [27x − x3 − y 2 x] dy Integrate with respect to x.
y=0 3 x=0
Z y=3 y=3
2 3
= (63 − 3y )dy = 63y − y = 162.
y=0 y=0
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
ZZ
1
Fave = f (x, y) dx dy
Area of R R
Now problems on that topic
Example 12
Solution
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
At (x∗11 , y11∗
), the rainfall is 0.08.
∗ ∗
At (x12 , y12 ), the rainfall is 0.08.
At (x∗13 , y13
∗
), the rainfall is 0.01.
∗ ∗
At (x21 , y21 ), the rainfall is 1.70.
∗
At (x∗22 , y22 ), the rainfall is 1.74.
∗ ∗
At (x23 , y23 ), the rainfall is 3.00.
ZZ ZZ
1 1
fave = f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dx dy
Area R R 75000 R
3 2
1 XX
≈ f (x∗ij , yij∗ )∆A
75000 i=1 j=1
1h i
= 0.08 + 0.08 + 0.01 + 1.70 + 1.74 + 3.00
6
≈ 1.10 in.
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Double Integration Handout Let’s crack it
Key points
(1)
ZZ m X
X n
f (x, y) dA = lim f (xi j∗, yi j∗) A
R m,n→∞
i=1 j=1
(2)
Z bZ d Z b Z d
f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dy dx
a c a c
or
Z dZ b Z d Z b
f (x, y) dx dy = f (x, y) dx dy
c a c a
(4) ZZ
1
fave = f (x, y) dx dy
Area of R R
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