UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

----------

FINAL REPORT
STUDENT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TOPIC
IN 2023
STUDY ON DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENT OF STREET
LIGHTING FOR URBAN ROADS WITH DIFFERENT
CROSS – SECTION TRANSVERSAL

Presenters :
Trinh Van Khanh Advance Training Program 62
Nguyen Hong Khang Advance Training Program 62
Tran Van Thuong Advance Training Program 62
Tran Mai Anh Advance Training Program 62
Nguyen Anh Duong Advance Training Program 62

Supervisor: TS. Vu Phuong Thao

 Ha Noi, May 2023
UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
----------

FINAL REPORT
STUDENT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TOPIC
IN 2023

STUDY ON DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENT OF STREET

LIGHTING FOR URBAN ROADS WITH DIFFERENT
CROSS – SECTION TRANSVERSAL

Presenters:
Trinh Van Khanh Male, Female: Male Ethnic: Kinh
Nguyen Hong Khang Male, Female: Male Ethnic: Kinh
Tran Van Thuong Male, Female: Male Ethnic: Kinh
Tran Mai Anh Male, Female: Female Ethnic: Kinh
Nguyen Anh Duong Male, Female: Female Ethnic: Kinh
Advance Training Program 62 Year: 2/4
Major: Advanced Program - Transport Construction Engineering
Supervisor: TS. Vu Phuong Thao
 INFORMATION OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION:
-Topic:
Study on design and efficient arrangement of Street Lighting for urban roads with
different cross-section transversal
-Students: Nguyễn Hồng Khang
Nguyễn Ánh Dương
Trần Văn Thường
Trần Mai Ảnh
Trịnh Văn Khánh
-Class: Advance Training Program
Khoa: INED
Year: 2
Number of years of training: 4.5
- The Supervisor: TS. Vũ Phương Thảo
2. PURPOSE OF THE TOPIC
Design and choose an effective street light layout plan for 3 types of cross-section
3. SUBJECTS, SCOPE OF RESEARCH
3.1. SUBJECTS: Lighting systems for urban roads
3.2. SCOPE OF RESEARCH: Viet Nam
4. METHOD OF STUDY
There are five research methods that the group is using: methodology, qualitative
research method, quantitative research method, and mathematical method, done on
software Dialux.
5. RESULTS STUDY
Design and selection of effective street lighting layout.
 PREAMBLE
Lighting design is an important item in urban road design. The goal of lighting design
in urban roads is different from other forms of residential lighting. The most necessary
thing of street lighting is to ensure driving safety, then the economic factor needs to be
considered, and finally the aesthetic factor.
Currently, Vietnamese streets have been designed with adequate lighting, but there are
still many streets or lights that are planted too much, causing waste, or planted too
sparsely, causing insufficient glare, leading to unsafety. whole.
In order to save electricity, it is necessary not only to use energy-saving lamps but also
to have appropriate design measures to reduce power consumption during the
exploitation process.
Therefore, reasonable lighting design for cross-sections is a useful study towards the
safe and economical design of streets.

1
 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF STREET LIGHTING DESIGN
1.1. The purpose of street lighting
- Creating a good light environment, helping the driver to quickly and accurately
handle situations that occur on the road to ensure safe driving with the allowed speed
according to regulations;
- Ensure safety for all vehicles and people circulating on the road, reducing traffic
accidents to a minimum;
- Ensure security for pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists circulating on the street;
- Clarify traffic signs;
- Beautify the urban landscape environment at night.
1.2. Basic requirements for street lighting.
Traffic lighting must reveal all road and traffic features including vehicles on the
road, pedestrians, signs, and obstacles. Therefore, in order to improve the aesthetics
and efficiency of traffic lighting, it is necessary to plan the layout of the style, type of
poles and lights in accordance with the urban planning landscape around the place
where this system is located. The lighting system must match the characteristics of the
street or the public space being designed. Factors such as architectural or historical
features of buildings and spaces, trees and lighting are all interrelated. If the main
function of the road is a traffic route, the lighting design will be different from the
streets located in the middle of residential areas. For pedestrian streets or roads in the
middle of residential areas, street lights must be designed as part of the general
landscape, compatible with other public facilities such as benches, bus stops, garbage
cans, serving travel and trade activities, cultural activities on sidewalks, squares,
public green areas. Factors to consider are the number of lights installed on a pole (one
lamp, two lights or more), materials, colors, modern or classic shapes. In addition,
different types of lights serving different purposes should also be installed in
combination. They should be of the same type, differing only according to the
functional requirements required for a planned route in the same space. When
designing, it is also necessary to consider other attached components such as traffic
signs, guide signs, etc…
The type of light and the shape of the lamp must also match the following factors:
road width, sidewalk width, footpath width (in the park or on the square), the height of
surrounding structures, the number, location and type of trees around, the length of the
works. But first of all, it is necessary to adhere to the basic principles of lighting layout
to ensure uniformity and luminance according to the road grade and traffic volume
designed for the road. In addition, using lamps with high efficiency and shining right
where necessary for lighting to avoid light pollution to the surrounding environment,
and using different types of lamps or control technology to be able to reduce labor
costs. The capacity when necessary is designed to match the volume of traffic at each

2
time of night on the road surface, in order to save maximum power consumption but
still ensure safety for the intended use. effective in public lighting security – traffic.
1.3. Design of street lighting
1.3.1.Road surface luminance:
When driving at high speed, the driver needs to clearly and accurately observe the
road surface ahead to handle it in just seconds. The optical quantity that directly
affects the driver's eyes is not the illuminance but the road surface luminance in the
direction of observation at a distance of about 100m. The driver can see what the light
from the road surface reflects directly to the eyes. Luminance affects the ability to
distinguish obstacles on the road because when illuminated, the road surface becomes
a secondary light source, so its luminance must meet the requirements to distinguish
obstacles accurately. the driver can handle it. Thus, surely the road surface luminance
must be the quantity used to evaluate the quality of the traffic lighting system and is
considered the first standard. The average luminance of the road surface depends on
the traffic density, vehicle speed, urban type, etc. In addition, it also depends on the
arrangement of lights, the height of the lights, etc. On the basis of the road level,
TCXDVN 259-2001 regulates the lighting level corresponding to the road grade as
follows:

3
After the lighting classification for each road grade, TCXDVN 259-2001 stipulates
that the average luminance and the average illuminance on the road surface must not
be less than the specified value as follows:

The illuminated road surface and floor is generally not a uniform diffuse reflector but
a mixed diffuse reflectance, which means that the luminance observed in different
directions is not equal. Thus, when designing street lighting, it is necessary to
4
consider the uniformity of luminance at many points on the road surface both
vertically and horizontally in the driver's field of vision.

Figure: Actual luminance of the

road surface

Figure: Calculation grid

In order to reduce the calculation volume, people do not consider all points on the
road surface, but only consider the points in the calculated grid cells, which are
specified as follows: along the road, between two adjacent light poles, the distance
between the cells grid (3-5)m, and in the horizontal direction, usually choose at least 2
points on the lane, ensuring the distance of 2 points in the horizontal direction is equal
to 1/2 the width of the lane.
The luminance uniformity is evaluated through 2 criteria:
L
U 0=
min
≥40 %
+ General uniformity: L tb

With Lmin, Ltb is the minimum luminance and average luminance in the calculated
grid, respectively. Ltb takes the average value of luminance of all points in the
calculated grid.

+ Vertical uniformity:
U =min L
l

L { } min i

maxi
≥70 %

With Lmin(i), Lmax(i) is the minimum luminance and maximum luminance on the ith
longitudinal axis of the calculated grid, respectively.
The above uniformity values are in accordance with the regulations of TCXDVN 259-
2001 to ensure accurate visual perception. If the above values are not guaranteed, the
driver will feel the houses on both sides of the road looming because the light strips
along the road have a ladder effect, which makes the driver's eyes tired. For this
reason, luminance uniformity is considered the second criterion for evaluating the
quality of a road lighting system.
5
1.3.3. The luminaire G's hidden index:
For drivers, blinding causes fatigue, which can lead to loss of vision. In the
previous program, we studied about the G. For roads, G does not depend on the
movement of the vehicle, but only on the light set According to TCXDVN 259-2001,
the road must using luminaires with G≥ 4 and according to CIE standards, G ≥ 5. If
there are auxiliary lights on both sides of the road (eg advertising light, house
light, ...) then it has the effect of reducing the impact of the incident The speaker of
the light turns off the way to the driver. When designing the traffic lighting system,
this feature should be kept in mind so that the value of G can be reduced. The glare
index G is considered as the third criterion to evaluate the quality of the traffic
lighting system.

1.3.4. Effective guidance at specific locations:

Special locations such as public roads, toll stations, intersections, planting sites,
etc. must be designed to guide drivers in the past. At the end of the route, a buffer
zone with decreasing speed must be created by reducing power, turning off lights or
turning off 1 phase at the two sides of the road.

Based on the above requirements, people propose plans to arrange flash lights to
match.

1.3.5. Lighting arrangements:

a) One-sided mounting

This option is used when the width of the roadbed is narrow (l ≤ 7.5m) or there is a
tree line or curved road on one side for guidance. The uniformity coefficient of
illuminance is guaranteed when l ≤ h.

6
Figure: Arrangement of lights on one side
of the road

b) Install the two sides staggered

Apply when the street has many trees.

Disadvantages: low guideability, low axial uniformity of illuminance, high

construction cost. The uniformity of illuminance is ensured when 1.5h ≥ l ≥ h or l ≥ h
≥(2/3)l.

Figure: staggered arrangement of street

lights on both sides of the road

c) Freeing the two opposite sides

Applicable when the roadway is very wide or when it is necessary to place the flash
very high. Brightness uniformity is ensured when l > 1.5h.
Advantages: Good navigation, convenient for decorative light reference, combination
of light and dark reference no.
7
Disadvantages: high cost of installation.

Figure: Arrangement of lights on opposite

sides of the road

d) Installed on the center divider

Apply when the roadway has many trees, the width of the median strip is ≥1.5 m and
less than ≤ 6m.
Advantages: good guidance, high utilization factor, low construction cost.
Disadvantages: uneven light distribution, limited sidewalk illumination.
The condition to ensure uniform illuminance is l ≤ h, where l is the width of the
divider Some countries (France, Nordic countries) people use the type of lights
mounted on hanging strings. On the median, people install support poles arranged
very far from each other, install cables on these support poles to hang lights along the
median.

Figure: Arrangement of light poles on the

central divider

1.3.6. Select wattage and luminaire type:

8
In the previous section mentioned, for roads with major transportation activities, a
semi-wide light distribution can be selected, while pedestrian routes can choose a wide
light distribution system As mentioned in previous chapters. , the first step when
designing a lighting system is to choose the color temperature of the light source
according to the Kruitchof chart, then calculate the luminous flux to choose the right
luminaire. Consider the area of the road surface on both sides of 1 light along the road
axis, each side has a length of e/2. Assume that the traffic light set only emits its
luminous flux to this area. Thus, the initial luminous flux when installed by 1 lamp is:

Where l and e are the width of the roadway and the distance between two adjacent
lights, respectively, k is the utilization factor, look up according to the manufacturer's
curve for or approximate according to TCXDVN 259-2001, V is Luminance
attenuation coefficient of luminaires after 1 year of use.

On the basis of the calculated luminous flux, we choose the lamp power with the
closest luminous flux according to the manufacturer's catolgue. Next check the glare
index, if the requirements are met, the solution to arrange the lights is reasonable,
otherwise we have to re-arrange the lights.

Finally conduct luminance test by point luminance method.

9
Figure: Luminance calculation grid and observation position

10
 CHAPTER 2: MEASURES TO INCREASE THE
EFFICIENCY OF STREET LIGHTING DESIGN
1.Technology solutions for urban road lighting equipment
1.1. Use of high - efficiency lighting
High-efficiency lighting lamps are considered lamps with small focal power, long
service life, and large luminous flux. Table 11 introduces the basic parameters and
scope of application of high-performance luminaires for urban road lighting.
Table. Types of High Efficiency Luminaires for Urban Road Lighting
Glow
Luminous Lifespan Scope of
Type of bulb Power(W) efficiency
flux (lm) (h) application
(lm/W)
High pressure
sodium (High 23.000-
35-1.000 60-140 >10,000 Street
pressure 23.500
sodium)
Low pressure
sodium (Low Suburban
35-185 24.000 130-200 >8,000
pressure roads
sodium)
High
12.000-
Pressure 50-1.000 30-65 >10,000 Intersections
13.000
Mecury
19.500- 2.000 –
Metal Halide 32-1.500 70-125 Intersections
26.300 6.000
2.500 –
LED 30-160 80 50.000 Alleys, streets
13.000

1.2. Use power savers

The power saver works to reduce lighting consumption during off-peak hours. There
are two main types of power economizers:
- Dimmer: is a device that is installed in an existing lamp without having to replace
the devices in the lamp or install it with a new bulb (2-stage bi-power bulb).
Dimmer kits are often used to transform existing lighting systems into energy-
efficient lighting systems. Bi-power bulbs are often newly installed. The advantage

11
 of this device is that it reduces power but still ensures an even glow of the lights. Its
disadvantages are large installation costs and difficult maintenance.
- Power reduction cabinet: is a device installed in the control cabinet to reduce power
consumption on the lighting route. This device is suitable for the case of renovating
and upgrading existing lighting routes into energy-saving lighting systems. The
advantage of this device is fast and convenient installation, no need to change the
bulb, combined with automatic shut-off for the lighting route. The disadvantage of
this device is that when installed on a long lighting line, there will be a pressure
drop at the end of the line.
1.3. Use new energy such as wind, solar
- Lamps use solar energy.
- Wind-powered lamps

1.4.Use intelligent systems

Currently, countries are researching smart energy-saving systems in public lighting.
For example, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) in the Netherlands is testing a
smart street lighting system on campus that uses 80% less of the electricity the current
system currently consumes and is also cheaper for maintenance.
The system includes street lights with LED lighting, motion sensors and wireless
communication. At first glance, it looks like a lamp widely used in home gardens but
with a motion sensor attached. In this system, the surrounding lights will light up if
any object or person approaches. And the light does not go out completely; They will
retain about 20% brightness compared to standard lighting energy. When someone
enters the " safe circle" of the lamp, it glows brightly. Another convenience is that the
lights will automatically report the error to the control room. This makes maintenance
cheaper and more efficient than it is today.

12
1.5. Use of lighting control centers
The construction of control centers for public lighting systems is the application of
appropriate communication technologies. The control information is transmitted from
the center to the lighting control cabinets and can reach each light point depending on
the level of each technology: phase switching control, energy saving mode control at
the lighting control cabinet, power reduction control at bright points and receiving
feedback from bright spots, Lighting grid, control cabinets illuminate the central
control room.
Currently, the communication technologies used for the control center include 3 types
as follows:
- Model 1: Control signal from the control center to the area control cabinets
connected via dial-up telephone line (communication via public telephone line). From
these area control cabinets, information is transmitted to the lighting control cabinets
through lighting power supply cables (Power Line Communication (PLC)
communication technology). With PLC technology: the data transmission signal is
modulated with a current of 220V/50Hz to transmit without the need for a secondary
data transmission line.
Using a dial-up communication solution has many limitations for operation
management, control & monitoring is not instantaneous because to control or monitor
to a computer area cabinet in the central control room, you must dial directly to the
area control cabinets (each dial only gets results from one zone control cabinet If you
want to retrieve the safes from another area control cabinet, you dial again) so the
control time and feedback are slow, and monitoring is not instantaneous for all lighting
areas.
The design of communication circuits via lighting power cables at lighting control
cabinets in an area is very complicated when installing underground cables. The
stability of the system is also not high because the PLC transmission line between the
lighting control cabinets is relatively far, so the communication quality is not good, the
maximum distance between the cabinets in each area is < 2km.
- Model 2: Control signal from the control center to the regional control cabinets
connected via ADSL line. From these area control cabinets, information is transmitted
to the lighting control cabinets and to the light points through PLC (Power Line
Communication) using the lighting power supply cable to transmit control and
monitoring information.
With this solution, the installation design must be installed synchronously with both
control equipment and energy-saving equipment for each bright spot, so the
investment cost is huge. This solution has been applied at the Ho Chi Minh City Public
Lighting Control Center. However, the wire is a wired communication solution, so the
installation cost is high and the system operation also takes a lot of labor.

13
- Model 3: Use GSM/GPRS wireless network to control public lighting system.
Control signals from the control center to the lighting control cabinets and vice versa
are transmitted wirelessly, communication from the control cabinet to the light points
via lighting power cables (PLCs).
Applying this solution will reduce the area control level, only 2 control levels: the
central control cabinet and the lighting control cabinet. The signal transmission line
from the control center to the lighting control cabinets uses wireless transmission
(using GSM / GPRS networks). From the lighting control cabinet, information is
transmitted to the light points through the PLC transmission line, using existing
lighting power cables to power the lamp grid to transmit control monitoring
information to each light point.

This model is the most modern application model today, an internationally recognized
solution in the field of controlling public lighting systems. As a wireless connection, it
can be installed at any location, has unlimited coverage, and is easy to expand the
system. Do not affect the built infrastructure.
The investment cost under this model is suitable for our country's cities. Cities can
invest in steps depending on the operating levels according to the actual requirements
of each locality:
+ Control and supervision to the lighting control cabinet: Install control equipment at
the cabinet, power reduction equipment at the cabinet.
+ Control and monitor each lamp to save energy. Can control and connect to many
different types of balast and power reducer of many manufacturers.

14
 CHAPTER 3: OPTIMAL LIGHT DESIGN FOR SOME TYPES
OF URBAN ROAD SURFACES
I. Cross section of 4 lanes.
- Lighting level: class B, Select traffic from 500 vehicles/hour, the average luminance
required Lav 0.8cd/m2 (according to TCVN 259-2001).

- Select lights
Choose a lamp with the following specifications:

Design lights in 3 different layouts:

- Layout 1 side
- Arrange 2 sides staggered
- Arrange 2 sides in parallel
15
- Use lights with 3 heights respectively: 8m, 10m, 12m
1, Arrange a four-lane cross-section on one side.
1.1. Use lights with a height of 8m.
Table 1.1

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of lights on 1 side for 4 lanes and a height of
8m, the luminance Lav too large, leading to waste of electricity, cost of
money.
- AndU 0 does not pass
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity.
1.2. Use lights with a height of 10m.
Table1.2

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of lights on 1 side for 4 lanes and a height of
10m, the luminance Lav pretty big.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity

1.3. Use lights with a height of 12m.

16
 Table 1.3

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of lights on one side for 4 lanes and a height of
12m, the luminance Lav smallest of the three cases.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity
1.4. Summary
Table 1.4
Lamp height Symbol Calculated Target Note
(m)
Lav 1.42 cd/m2 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved
8 U0 0.34 ≥ 0.40 not achieved

Ui 0.82 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.25 cd/m2 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved

10 U0 0.41 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.81 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.11 cd/m2 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved

12 U0 0.47 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.90 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of lights on one side for 4 lanes and a height of 12m, the
luminance Lav smallest of the three cases. But the luminance of the 10m lamp height is
also quite small. And another important thing is that when I choose the lamp height of
10m, I will spend less money than when I choose the lamp height of 12m. So we will
choose a lamp height of 10m.
17
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity.
→ Choose a light height of 10m to arrange one side light for a 4-lane cross-section
without a median.
→ Because - The height of the lamp 12m will cost more money to make a pole.
- 8m type: because the uniformity is not reached
- When comparing 10m and 12m, both achieve luminance and uniformity, but the
cost of 10m is cheaper, so choosing 10m is the most reasonable.
2. Arrangement on both sides of Sole cross section 4 lanes.
2.1. Using lights with a height of 8m and a distance of 40m . from the poles
Table 2.1

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of sole lights for 4 lanes and the height of 8m
and the distance between the light poles is 40m, the luminance Lav large,
leading to waste of electricity, cost of money.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity.
2.2. Use lights with a height of 10m and a distance of 40m from the poles.
Table 2.2

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of sole lights for 4 lanes and the height of 10 m
and the distance between the light poles is 40 m, the luminance Lav large,
leading to waste of electricity, cost of money.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
18
 - Stable uniformity.
2.3. Use lights with a height of 12 m and a distance of 40 m from the poles.
Table 2.3

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of sole lights for 4 lanes and the height of 12 m
and the distance between the light poles is 40 m, the luminance Lav
smallest of the three cases.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity.
2.4 Summary
Table 2.4
Lamp height Symbol Calculated Target Note
(m)
Lav 1.87 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved
08 U0 0.45 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.63 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.66 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved

10 U0 0.55 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.80 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.48 ≥ 0.8 cd/m 2 achieved

12 U0 0.61 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.89 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- With the same input, the same investment

19
- With the arrangement of lights on both sides of the Sole for 4 lanes and a height of
12 m, the luminance Lav smallest of the three cases. But the luminance of the lamp
height of 10 m is also quite small. And another important thing is that when I choose a
lamp height of 10 m, I will spend less money than when I choose a lamp height of 12
m. So we will choose a lamp height of 10 m.
- And U 0 then reach
- U I greater than 60% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity.
→Choose a light height of 10 m to arrange the lights on both sides staggered for a 4-
lane cross-section without a median.
→ Because - The height of the lamp 12 m will cost more money to make a pole.
- 8m type: because the uniformity is not reached
- When comparing 10 m and 12 m, both achieve luminance and uniformity, but the
cost of 10 m is cheaper, so choosing 10 m is the most reasonable.
3. Arrange the two sides parallel to the four-lane cross-section.
3.1. Use lights with a height of 8m and a distance of 40m from the poles.
Table 3.1

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of parallel lights for 4 lanes and the height of 8 m
and the distance between the light poles is 40 m, the luminance Lav large,
leading to waste of electricity, cost of money.
- And U 0 then compared to 40%
- U I less than 70%, so it doesn't meet the requirements
- Uneven uniformity is stable
3.2. Use lights with a height of 10 m and a distance of 40 m from the poles.
Table 3.2

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

20
 - With a parallel arrangement of lights for 4 lanes and a height of 10 m
and the distance between the light poles is 40 m, the luminance Lav pretty
big
- And U 0 then compared to 40%
- U I less than 70%, so it doesn't meet the requirements
- Uneven uniformity is stable.
3.3. Use lights with a height of 12 m and a distance of 40 m from the poles.
Table 3.4

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With a parallel arrangement of lights for 4 lanes and a height of 12 m
and the distance between the light poles is 40 m, the luminance Lav
smallest of the three cases.
- And U 0 then compared to 40%
- U I less than 70%, so it doesn't meet the requirements
- Uneven uniformity is stable.
3.4. Summary
Table 3.4
Lamp height Symbol Calculated Target Note
(m)
08 Lav 1.88 ≥ 0.8 cd/m2 achieved
U0 0.43 ≥ 0.40 achieved
Ui 0.58 ≥ 0.60 not achieved
Lav 1.66 ≥ 0.8 cd/m2 achieved

10 U0 0.52 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.77 ≥ 0.60 achieved
Lav 1.48 ≥ 0.8 cd/m2 achieved

12 U0 0.61 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.83 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- With the same input, the same investment
21
- With the arrangement of 2 parallel lights for 4 lanes and a height of 12 m, the
luminance Lav smallest of the three cases. But the luminance of the lamp height of 10
m is also quite small. And another important thing is that when I choose a lamp height
of 10 m, I will spend less money than when I choose a lamp height of 12 m. So we will
choose a lamp height of 10 m.
- And U 0 then compared to 40%
- U I less than 70%, so it doesn't meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity
→ Choose a light height of 10 m to arrange the lights on both sides in parallel for a 4-
lane cross-section without a median.
→ Because - The height of the lamp 12 m will cost more money to make a pole.
- 8m type: because the uniformity is not reached.
- When comparing 10 m and 12 m, both achieve luminance and uniformity, but the
cost of 10 m is cheaper, so choosing 10 m is the most reasonable.
II. Cross Section of 6 Lanes With Separation.
- Lighting level: grade A, Select vehicle traffic from 1000 to less than 3000
vehicles/hour or more, Lav 1.2 cd/m2 (according to TCVN 259-2001).

 Select lights
 Choose a lamp with the following specifications:

22
 Design lights in 3 different layouts:
- Layout 1 side
- Arrange 2 sides in parallel
- Arrange 2 sides staggered
- Use lights with 3 heights: 8m, 10m, 12m
1. Arrange on one side of the cross section of 6 lanes with medians.
1.1. Use a lamp height of 8 m and a distance between lamp poles of 20 m.
Table 1.1

Comment:
- With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a lamp height of
8 m, the luminance Lav too small does not meet the minimum requirement is ≥ 1,2 cd/
2
m
- And U 0 does not reach 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
→ This is the side where the lights are not arranged
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a lamp height of
8 m, the luminance Lav just enough, not too big.
 Satisfied
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Steady evenness
- Note: this is the side where the lights are arranged.

23
1.2.Using lamp height 10m and distance between lamp posts is 20m.
Table 1.2

Comment:
- With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a light
height of 10 m, the luminance Lav too small does not meet the minimum
requirement is ≥ 1.2 cd/ m2
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
=> this is the side where the lights are not arranged
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a light
height of 10 m, the luminance Lav too small does not meet the minimum
requirement is ≥ 1.2 cd/ m2
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
=> this is the side where the lights are arranged

24
1.3. Use a lamp height of 12m and a distance between lampposts of 20m.
Table 1.3

Comment:
- With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a light
height of 10 m, the luminance Lav too small does not meet the minimum
requirement is ≥ 1.2 cd/ m2
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
=> this is the side where the lights are not arranged
- With the arrangement of lights on one side of 6 lanes with GPC with a light
height of 10 m, the luminance Lav too small does not meet the minimum
requirement is ≥ 1.2 cd/ m2
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
=> this is the side where the lights are arranged
1.4. Summary
Table 1.4
Lamp Road Symbol Calculated Target Note
height (m)
Lav 0.36 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

08 1 U0 0.31 ≥ 0.40 not achieved

Ui 0.81 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.68 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

25
 U0 0.44 ≥ 0.40 achieved
2
Ui 0.82 ≥ 0.60 achieved
Lav 0.44 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved
1
10 U0 0.44 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.86 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.46 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

2
U0 0.49 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.84 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 0.48 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

1
U0 0.53 ≥ 0.40 achieved
12
Ui 0.91 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.28 ≥ 1.6 cd/m2 achieved

2
U0 0.55 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.91 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- From Table 1.4, we can see that with the same input, the same investment.
- With the arrangement of lights on one side for 6 lanes and the height of 8m, 10m,
12m, the luminance Lav too low, are not satisfactory.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
→It is not recommended to choose one side of the light for a 6-lane cross-section with
a separation segment.

26
2. Parallel arrangement of 6-lane cross-section with medians
2.1. Use a lamp height of 8m and a distance between lamp posts of 40m.
Table 2.1

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With a 6-lane parallel arrangement of lights with a separation resolution with a lamp
height of 8 m and a distance of 40 m from light poles, the luminance Lav quite
reasonable.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I less than ≥ 0.60 should not meet the requirements
- Uneven uniformity is stable.
2.2. Use a lamp height of 10m and a distance between lamp posts of 40m.
Table 2.2

27
 Comment: - With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of parallel lights with 6 lanes with a separation resolution with
a lamp height of 10 m, the luminance Lav quite reasonable.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
2.3. Using a lamp height of 12m, the distance between the light poles is 40m.
Table 2.3

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With a 6-lane parallel lamp arrangement with a median resolution of 12 m, the
luminance Lav smallest of the three cases.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
2.4. Summary
Table 2.4
Lamp Road Symbol Calculated Target Note
height (m)
Lav 1.29 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

8 1 U0 0.49 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.57 ≥ 0.60 not achieved

Lav 1.30 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

2 U0 0.51 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.59 ≥ 0.60 not achieved

28
 Lav 1.21 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved
1
10 U0 0.60 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.77 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.22 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

2
U0 0.62 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.79 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.14 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

1
U0 0.71 ≥ 0.40 achieved

12 Ui 0.83 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.15 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

2
U0 0.71 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.83 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- With the same input, the same investment
- With the arrangement of 2 parallel lights for 6 lanes and a height of 12m, the
luminance Lav unsatisfactory. But the luminance of the 10m lamp height is also quite
small. And another important thing is that when I choose the lamp height of 10m, I
will spend less money than when I choose the lamp height of 12m. So we will choose
a lamp height of 10m.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Unstable uniformity
→Choose a light height of 10 m to arrange the lights on both sides in parallel for a
cross-section of 6 lanes with medians.
→Because - The height of the lamp 12m will cost more money to make the pole
without meeting the luminance requirements.
- 8m type: because the uniformity is not reached
- When comparing 10m and 12m, both achieve luminance and uniformity, but the
cost of 10m is cheaper, so choosing 10m is the most reasonable.

29
3. Sole arrangement of 6-lane cross-section with medians
3.1. Using a lamp height of 8m, the distance between the light poles is 40m.
Table3.1

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With the arrangement of 6-lane solenoid lights with a separation resolution with a
lamp height of 8 m and a distance of 40 m from the light poles, the luminance Lav quite
reasonable.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I less than ≥ 0.60 should not meet the requirements.
- Unstable copper.

3.2. Using a lamp height of 10m, the distance between the light poles is 40m.

30
 Table 3.2

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

- With a 6-lane sole lamp arrangement with a separation resolution with a lamp height
of 10 m, the luminance Lav quite reasonable.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity
3.3. Using a height of 12m, the distance between the light poles is 40m.
Table 3.3

Comment: - With the same input, the same investment

31
- With a 6-lane sole lamp arrangement with a separator with a lamp height of 12 m, the
luminance Lav smallest of the three cases.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity
3.4. Summary
Table 2.4
Lamp Road Symbol Calculated Target Note
height (m)

1 Lav 1.29 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

1 U0 0.53 ≥ 0.40 achieved

8
Ui 0.57 ≥ 0.60 not achieved

Lav 1.30 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

2 U0 0.50 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.58 ≥ 0.60 not achieved

Lav 1.21 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved
1
10 U0 0.65 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.76 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.22 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 achieved

2
U0 0.62 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.80 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.14 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

1
U0 0.75 ≥ 0.40 achieved

12 Ui 0.86 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Lav 1.15 ≥ 1.2 cd/m2 not achieved

2
U0 0.71 ≥ 0.40 achieved

Ui 0.86 ≥ 0.60 achieved

Conclude:
- With the same input, the same investment
32
- With the arrangement of lights on both sides of the sole for 6 lanes and a height of
12m, the luminance Lav unsatisfactory. But the luminance of the 10m lamp height is
also quite small. And another important thing is that when I choose the lamp height of
10m, I will spend less money than when I choose the lamp height of 12m. So we will
choose a lamp height of 10m.
- And U 0 then achieved with 40%
- U I greater than 70% should meet the requirements
- Stable uniformity.
→Choose a light height of 10 m to arrange lights on both sides of the sole for a cross-
section of 6 lanes with medians.
→Because - The height of the lamp 12m will cost more money to make a pole.
- 8m type: because the uniformity is not reached
- When comparing 10m and 12m, both achieve luminance and uniformity, but the
cost of 10m is cheaper, so choosing 10m is the most reasonable.

33