LESSON 1

WEEK 1
QUARTER 1
CHEMISTRY 1
TOPEI LUMBA
LESSON 1:
MATTER AND ITS
VARIOUS FORMS
PART 1:
NATURE OF MATTER
 Anything that
occupies space
MATTER and has mass
Particles:
1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Ions
 GEN CHEM 1

MATTER AND ITS

VARIOUS FORMS

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 Matter

What do you call to the thing that has mass

and space?

What do you call the characteristics of

matter?

What are the properties of matter?

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 Matter

Direction:
Analyze the following pictures

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 Matter

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 Matter

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 Matter

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 Matter

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 Matter
Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his disciple, Democritus believed that
nature consisted of two things, “atoms and the void that surrounds them

Leucippus (Loo-kuh-puhs) Democritus

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 Matter

They believed that “atoms are physically, but not geometrically, indivisible.”

Democritus
He called Forbelieved
this that any piece
Democritus,
particle, of matter
atoms
atomos, are
a
can be dividedand
indestructible andcompletely
subdividedfull,
intoso
very small
there is
Greek
particles
no emptybut
word which means
that this process ended at some
space.
indivisible
point when a particle.
piece is reached that could not
be furtherBoth
divided.
Leucippus and Democritus had
the idea that there are many different kinds of
atoms and each of them had specific shape
and size and that all atoms move randomly
around in space.

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 How was atomic structure discovered?

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ATOM VS MOLECULE VS ION
 ATOM VS MOLECULE VS ION

• Atoms are single neutral particles.

• Molecules are neutral particles made of two or more atoms
bonded together.
• An ion is a positively or negatively charged particle.
 Matter

An atom is the smallest particle of an element

that has all the properties of the element.

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 Matter

Atoms of most elements have the ability to combine with other

atoms.

Different elements have different properties because the combining

atoms are different and the way the atoms are joined together are
different.

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 What Is An Atom?
An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter indivisible by
chemical means. It constitutes the fundamental building block of
a chemical element. In other words, an atom can be called the
smallest possible unit of an element that still has all the chemical
properties of that element.
•How is an atom built?
An atom is built from an atomic nucleus surrounded by one or
more shells of electrons. The nucleus is constituted by protons
and neutrons.
•Atom Etymology
The word atom is derived from the Greek word ‘átomos‘
meaning ‘uncuttable’ or ‘something that cannot be divided
further’.

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 Matter

A molecule is a particle consisting of two or more

atoms combined together in a specific
arrangement.

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 Matter

It is an electrically neutral particle.

It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist

independently.

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 Ion Definition
Ion definition chemistry (ion meaning): An ion is a charge-carrying atom or a
charge-carrying molecule. An ion’s net charge is never zero since it possesses an
unequal number of electrons and protons. If the number of electrons and protons
are balanced or equalized, the ion changes its state to a stable atom or molecule.
•An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains one or more electrons.
•A neutral atom will become a cation if it loses one or more electrons.
•An anion forms if it gains one or more electrons.

Types of Ions
Based on the type of charge and the ratio of protons and electrons, ions are of two
types:
1.Positively charged atoms & More protons > Fewer electrons: CATION (formed by
loss of electrons in an atom)
Positively charged ions and positively charged particles are called cations. Sodium
ions and calcium ions are examples of cations.
2.Negatively charged atoms & Fewer protons < More electrons: ANION (formed by
the gain of electrons in an atom)
Negatively charged ions and negatively charged particles are called anions
(negative ions)

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 Matter

For example . . .

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 Matter

Atoms are too small to observe.

These particles cannot be seen under the
high-powered light microscopes used in
school laboratories. The size of an atom
is measured in angstroms. One
angstrom is a unit of length equal to one
ten millionth of a millimetre.

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