FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER LAB MANUAL

PART- A HARDWARE
1. Identification of the peripherals of a computer, Components in a CPU and their
functions.

Peripherals of a Computer:

 Mouse.
 Keyboard.
 Webcam.
 Microphone. Microphone.

 Monitor.
 Speakers.
 Printer.
 CPU
 Joystick

Mouse:
A computer mouse enables its user to move a cursor
smoothly and intuitively across a two-dimensional plane.
It's therefore an essential input device for selecting,
dragging, hovering, and clicking.

The mouse allows users to switch between applications,

select options and buttons, and move around the screen
with a great degree of accuracy and fluidity. It is used to
move between and select links on a website, buttons on an
options screen.
Keyboard:

A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter

characters and functions into the computer system
by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used
to enter text. A keyboard typically contains keys for
individual letters, numbers and special characters, as well
as keys for specific functions.

Webcam:
A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into a computer. Its main function is to
transmit pictures over the Internet. It is popularly used with instant messaging services
and for recording images.

Microphone:

A microphone is a device that translates sound

vibrations in the air into electronic signals or scribes
them to a recording medium. Microphones enable many
types of audio recording devices for purposes including
communications of many kinds, as well as music and
speechrecording.

Monitor

A monitor is an electronic device used to display video

output from a computer. Screen monitors are used in
many computer devices, from personal computers (PCs)
and laptops to small mobile devices, such as cell phones
and MP3 players. Monitors are also known as computer
screens or display screens.

Speakers

The primary objective of speakers is to offer audio

output for the listener. The electromagnetic waves are
converted into sound waves through the speaker as they
are transducers. The devices, like an audio receiver or
computer, give audio input to speakers, which may be in
the form of analog or
digital.
Printer
A printer is basically an output device which prints a hard copy of the electronic data
that is stored in the computer or any other devices. The electronic data may include
documents, text, images or even the combination of all three.

CPU

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry

within a computer that carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the basic arithmetic,
logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations
specified by the instructions.

Joystick

A joystick is an input device that can be used for

controlling the movement of the cursor or a pointer in a
computer device. The pointer/cursor movement is
controlled by maneuvering a lever on the joystick. The
input device is mostly used for gaming applications and,
sometimes, in graphics applications.

Components in a CPU and their functions:

A joystick is an input device that can be used for

controlling the movement of the cursor or a pointer in a
computer device. The pointer/cursor movement is
controlled by maneuvering a lever on the joystick. The
input device is mostly used for gaming applications and,
sometimes, in graphics applications.

1. Control Unit