Prepared By: Brix Lambhert A.

Yagyagen
Prepared By: Brix Lambhert A. Yagyagen
How do you think the Universe
was made?
QUESTION
THE BIG BANG
How did it happen?
COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
“We tend to imagine that the
Big Bang Theory is an explosion.”

• Experts however say that there was no explosion, but

instead an expansion.
MISCONCEPTION NO. 2

“We tend to image that the ‘singularity’ as a little fireball

appearing somewhere in space.”

• According to many experts, space didn’t exist prior to the Big

Bang.
Theory of Relativity
According to the calculations of the these British astrophysicists;

Steven Hawking George Ellis Roger Penrose

 Time had a finite beginning that corresponded to
the origin of matter and energy.

The singularity didn’t appear in space; rather, space

began inside the singularity.
Prior to the singularity, nothing existed,
not space, time, matter, or energy–

just plain nothing.

The Question
So where and in what did the singularity appear if not
in space?

THE ANSWER;

We don’t know!
 Evidence for the Theory
1. We are reasonably certain that the universe had a
beginning.
2. Galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds
proportional to their distance.
3. The big bang theory also suggests that it was initially very
hot. If so, we should be able to find some remnants of this
heat.
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
• In 1965, these two radioastronomers
discovered a 2.725-degree Kelvin
(-454.765 Fahrenheit/-270.425 degree
Celsius) Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) which pervades the observable
universe.
• This is thought to be the remnants
that scientists were looking for.
• In 1978, the two shared in the Nobel
Prize for physics for their discovery.
Evidence for the Theory
1. We are reasonably certain that the universe had a
beginning.
2. Galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds
proportional to their distance.
3. The big bang theory also suggests that it was initially very
hot. If so, we should be able to find some remnants of this
heat.
4. The abundance of the “light elements” Hydrogen and
Helium are thought to support the Big Bang model of
origins.
 What about God?

Any discussion of the Big Bang theory would be incomplete without asking
the question, what about God?

Cosmogony is an area where science and theology meet.

Creation is a supernatural event.

Video Viewing
The Fate of the Universe
 The Fate of the Universe

1. Big Freeze or heat death

2. Big Rip
3. Big Crunch/Big Bounce
The Big Freeze/ Heat Death
The Big Freeze
During this Big Freeze, the Universe would, in theory,
become so vast that supplies of gas would be spread so
thin that no new stars can form. Under that model,
time becomes an endless void in which nothing ever
happens as there is little to no energy left in the
Universe.
Big Rip
The Big Rip
The theory claims the Universe will end with a Big Rip, as the
pull of the Universe's expansion gets stronger than the gravity
it contains. This would tear apart galaxies, followed by black
holes, stars and even our own planet.

Earth, and humanity with it, could slowly decay into radiation,
collapse in on itself or be ripped apart as the Universe's
expansion ramps up. This would leave the Universe full of
single, disconnected particles.
Big Crunch/Big Bounce
The Big Crunch/Bounce
Instead of expanding forever, matter in the Universe reaches a
point where it starts to decrease over time, it could cause
gravity to become the dominant force. This would ultimately
cause the Universe to shrink and cause stars, planets and
entire galaxies to collide into each other and the Universe
would, for all intents and purposes, collapse in on itself.

Put simply, if the expansion of the Universe slows to a crawl

and the Big Bang happens in reverse, everything will implode
back into a singularity.
The Big Crunch/Bounce
Once the collapsing universe reaches a certain density, a
principle called loop quantum gravity will cause the matter
and energy to “bounce,” or begin expanding again, creating a
new universe.
The Big Bounce theory does not reveal if this has happened
once or many times; it could repeat infinitely. Another
intriguing possibility is that these infinitely repeating universes
are identical, effectively creating a universal time loop.
References
• Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell. (2014, March 3). The Beginning of
Everything -- The Big Bang [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNDGgL73ihY
• Woollaston-Webber, V. (2016, October 10). Big Freeze, Big Rip or Big
Crunch: how will the Universe end? WIRED UK.
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/how-will-universe-end
• https://www.allthescience.org/what-is-the-big-bounce.htm