ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
 READING
ACADEMIC TEXTS
• Refers to how the
information within a written
text is organized.
• It is the arrangement of
ideas and the relationship
among the ideas.
1. Organize information and details
they are learning in their minds
while reading.
2. Make connections between the
details being presented in a text.
3. Summarize the important details
shared in a text.
Academic texts should be organized in a
specific way and should follow a clear
structure.
Introduction + Body + Conclusion = Parts of
Essay
1. Narrative
2. Chronological/Process/Sequence
3. Cause and Effect
4. Problem and Solution
5. Compare and Contrast
6. Description/Definition
7. Proposition-Support
Narrative
• Narrates an event or story
with characters, setting,
conflict, point of view, and
plot.
Chronological/Process/Sequence
• This text structure gives the
readers a chronological of
events or a list of steps in
procedure.
• Present ideas or events in the
order in which they happen.
Cause and Effect
• Provide explanations or reasons
for phenomena.
• Presents the casual relationship
between specific event, idea,
or concept and the events,
ideas, or concept that follow.
Problem and Solution
• Provide explanations or reasons
for phenomena.
• Sets up a problem/s, explain the
solution, and then discusses the
effects of the solution.
Problem and Solution
a. Introduction
b. Methodology
c. Results or Findings
d. Discussion
e. Conclusion and Recommendations
f. References
Compare and Contrast
• Discuss two ideas, events, or
phenomena, showing how
they are different and how
they are similar.
Description/Definition
• Describe a topic by listing
characteristics, features,
attributes, and examples.
• Gives a reader a detailed
feature that create a picture
on his/her mind about a
topic.
Proposition-Support
• This is the structure that
presents a stance on an
issue.
• Both arguments and counter
arguments are presented in
support of a thesis
statement.
Directions: Identify what type of text structure
used in the presented text.
In the Pacific Ocean, garbage from the shore gets trapped by
ocean currents. Then, the currents move the trash into a large area
in the middle of the ocean. This has created a swirling mass of
plastics and seawater called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

Cause and Effect

Directions: Identify what type of text structure
used in the presented text.
The twist is a dance inspired by rock and roll music. To do the
Twist, first stand with your feet approximately shoulder width apart.
The torso may be squared to the knees and hips, or turned at an
angle so one foot is farther forward than the other. Then, hold your
arms out from your body, bent at your elbow. Next, rotate your
hips, torso, and legs as a single unit with your arms staying more or
less stationary. Every so often lift one leg off of the floor for styling.
Now you're doing the twist!
Chronological or Sequence Text Structure
Directions: Identify what type of text structure
used in the presented text.
When a river receives a lot of extra water it may flood. During a
flood there is plenty of water, and most people wouldn't think that
dehydration was a serious risk, but flood waters are mostly polluted
and not safe to drink. People who drink the contaminated water
may suffer from illnesses or diseases such as typhoid. You can
prepare for flooding by filling many containers with fresh clean
drinking water. You can also use sandbags to protect your house
and to soak up the water. Be prepared and be safe.
Problem and Solution
Directions: Identify what type of text structure
used in the presented text.
Robots that look like humans are called androids. But not all
robots are androids. Androids look like people; however, the
industrial robots used in factories look like machines and not at all
like human beings. So what does an android have in common with
an industrial robot? They both have computers and they have both
sensors to gather information and ways to interact with their
environments, too.

Compare and Contrast

Directions: Identify what type of text structure
used in the presented text.
The Greenland shark can grow to be around 16 feet long. It’s
an apex predator, an animal that is at the top of the food chain.
No other creatures prey on apex predators. The Greenland shark
can live to be about 400 years old, making it the longest-living
vertebrate animal.

Description
Research skills
• The ability to find an answer
to a question or a solution to
a problem.
• Ability to gather information
• Ability to play close
attention to details
• Involve other macro skills
Sources
a. Primary Sources
• Original and first hand
accounts.
b. Secondary Sources
• Secondhand account from
someone who was not
directly involved in the
events.
C.R.A.P. Test
a. Currency - time
b. Reliability – fact or opinion
c. Authority – publisher or the writer
d. Purpose/Point of view - intention
1. Summary
• A condensation of significant
facts from an original piece o
writing.
• States the author’s main
idea.
2. Paraphrase
• Restate the passage using
one’s own words.
3. Direct Quotation
• Reproduces the exact
author’s words.
• Must always be placed using
quotation marks (“”).
4. Reference Page
• Houses all the sources that
the writer referred to in an
accomplishing an essay,
report, or research.
• Usually, located at the last
page of any report.
• APA format is the common
style used in referencing.
Read the given article to supplement your
understanding about APA citation. Access the
link below for the article.

https://libguides.csudh.edu/citation/apa-7