LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Text 1

Despite their advantages, technological advancements have led to the polarization of the labor
market. While middle-skill jobs become increasingly automated, high-skill jobs that require a combination
of cognitive skills, creative acumen and leadership expertise have not been affected. Similarly, low-skill jobs
that require customer service have been drastically changed by automated systems. Therefore, it is the low-
class and middle-skill routine occupations that have been decimated by the technological 5 revolution.

As low-skill and middle-skill opportunities shrink, giving rise to high jobs, wages also become
either high or low. This disparity has already impacted the economy and will continue to change the labor
market’s landscape. Although it naturally impacts current employees, students and job-seekers should also
take heed of the patterns that have emerged. Since the jobs that are harder to automate involve creativity,
cognition and social skills, job-seekers should develop these intangible qualities to make themselves 10
more valuable to potential employers.

The medical field has also been impacted by automated machines. Many diagnostic tests and surgical
tools have become automated by complex machines and programs. However, the human touch in the
medical field is essential as it ensures that a patient is being treated as a human instead of just as a body. A
nurse’s interaction with his or her patients is invaluable and impossible to effectively replicate. Similarly,
while machines can assist with tasks before, during, and after a surgery, a machine 15 cannot replace a
skilled human surgeon since it lacks intuitions and instincts.

1. The following statements are questions
that the passage tries to address except …
(A) Who is affected by the automation of
jobs?
(B) How has the labor market become
polarized?
(C) What is the impact of automation to
wage conditions?
(D) How can the government balance
automation and human labor?
(E) Why is human touch irreplaceable in
the medical field?
2. What can be inferred about high-skill
jobs…
(A) There is a decline in vacancy
(B) They are at great risk for automation
(C) They require more cognitive skills
than social skills
(D) They play a role in the automation of
low-skill and middle-class jobs
(E) They are relatively safe from being
automated in the labor market
3. The best title for the passage is…
(A) The Future of Healthcare
(B) Automation and the Future of Work
(C) The Impacts of Technology on Living
Standards
(D) Unemployment due to Technological
Advancements
(E) Technology and the Productivity of
Low-Skill and Middle-Skill Jobs
4. The author purpose writing the text is to…
(A) Define the term labor automation
(B) Advocate the automation of high-skill
jobs
(C) Elaborate the view that labor
automation is harmful
(D) Describe the drawbacks of labor
automation
(E) Explain the effects of automated
machines to the job market
Text 2

A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the night time, with problems such as noise and
dirt, which could be improved with information from Twitter. At least this is what Enrique and Vanessa
Frías-Martínez believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica Research and the University of
Maryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land
use.

Enrique Frías-Martínez explained that geolocalized tweets can be a very useful source of
information for planning since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who provide
information on where they are at a specific time and what they are doing. The researcher points out that
thanks to the increased use of smartphones, social networks like Twitter and Facebook have made it
possible to access and produce information ubiquitously.

These networks generate tags with the event’s geolocation. The new technique "automatically
determines land uses in urban areas by grouping together geographical regions with similar patterns of
Twitter activity," says the researcher. Using aggregate activity of tweets, the Frías-Martínez siblings have
studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London. In the first two cases they identified four uses:
residential, business, daytime leisure (mainly parks and tourist areas) and nightlife areas. The study has
determined that, in Madrid, night-time tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on
weekdays. On the other hand, London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure areas.

5. Which of the following is the main idea of

the passage…
(A) Many people like to use geolocation
tags on Twitter
(B) Information from social networks
can be accessed universally
(C) Geolocalized tweets can be useful for
urban planning
(D) Complex patterns of Twitter
activities can finally be identified
(E) Problems concerning urbanism are
often neglected and forgotten
6. According to the passage, which of the
following is incorrect about the study…
(A) It shows that people in London
mostly tweet in leisure areas in
daytime
(B) The focus of the study is land use in
Manhattan, Madrid and London
(C) Residential, business, daytime leisure
and nightlife areas could be identified
(D) Manhattan and Madrid’s night-time
tweet activities are concentrated
differently
(E) The researchers could identify four
land uses in Manhattan, Madrid and
London
7. The word “these” in paragraph 3 refers to
…
(A) Events geolocation
(B) Source of information
(C) Smartphone and social networks
(D) Urban areas
(E) Land use in Manhattan, Madrid and
London.
8. The author’s purpose in writing the
passage is to ...
(A) Compare Facebook and Twitter users
in terms of geolocation tags
(B) Argue that social networks do not
necessarily reflect users’ activities
(C) Persuade people to stop using
geolocation tags to protect their
privacy
(D) Inform the possible use of Twitter
data for studying and planning land
use
(E) Illustrate the urgency of solving
various problems concerning urban
planning
Text 3

The present study sought to document the word reading and comprehension levels attained by
children who were implanted by 5 year of age. It was hypothesized that the improved speech perception
abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological coding skills. (1) ...

Three subtests of diagnostic reading assessment batteries standardized on hearing children were
administered to 181 children between 8 year 0 month and 9 year 11 month of age who had 4 to 6 years of
implant experience. (2) ... It included a lexical decision task, a rhyme task, and the digit span subtest of the
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Over half of the children scored within the average range for their age compared with the
normative data for hearing children. (3) ... They were higher nonverbal intelligence, higher family socio-
economic status, and later onset of deafness between birth and 36 months.
(Adapted from Journal of Ear and Hearing)

9. Which option best completes (1)?
(A) The finding showed that the
hypothesis was accepted.
(B) The implantation was eventually
shown to be successful.
(C) The following paragraph would
discuss the findings of the study.
(D) The objective of the study was to see
the subjects’ reading skills.
(E) It would also facilitate the acquisition
of beginning reading skills.
10. Which option best completes (2)?
(A) Likewise, the children were obliged to
take a reading test.
(B) In addition, a battery of processing
measures was administered.
(C) However, standard measurement was
applied to test the subjects.
(D) Consequently, the assessment was
used to evaluate the reading skills.
(E) Instead, an interview consisting of
many different tasks was conducted.
11. Which option best completes (3)?
(A) The results were categorized based on
the subjects’ status.
(B) Data were collected on the basis of
several different items.
(C) Reading competence was associated
with three aspects.
(D) The subjects consisted of different age
children.
(E) Findings showed various levels of
reading skills.

Text 4

Ginger, nuts, fatty fish, and whole grains are just some of the many foods that have been publicized
to have anti-inflammatory properties. But do they work? It turns out that experts agree that eating a diet
rich in such foods may in fact help lower the levels of inflammation in the body. However, they stress that
adding or increasing the consumption of any one food is likely not going to have a profound effect on one’s
health.

In a new, small study, researchers found that men who consumed flaxseed for 42 days experienced
a significant decrease in inflammatory markers compared with men who did not consume flaxseed. In
another study, the authors found that taking ginger root extract appeared to reduce markers of colon
inflammation. In addition, according to the results of a study, curcumin, which is the main compound in the
spice turmeric, which is used in curry, could help suppress biological mechanisms that lead to the
inflammation in diseases of the tendons. Rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are
some of the conditions that have been linked with higher levels of inflammation.
 However, Kirkpatrick stressed that adding just one specific food to your diet is unlikely to work
wonders for lowering inflammation, or for improving health in general. Kirkpatrick also stressed that
people who take dietary supplements do not get the same results as those who consume real foods that
have anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, in order to lower inflammation through diet, it is also
important to stay away from foods that can promote inflammation, such as sugar, she said. “So it is not just
about adding these things in, it is also about taking pro- inflammatory foods out,” Kirkpatrick said.

“Food is medicine, but it is hard to compare medicine that is created in a lab with something that is grown
in the ground to determine what is going to be beneficial,” Kirkpatrick said. Depending on a person’s
condition, and the reasons for their inflammation, medication may be necessary, while food can be still a
nice add-on.
(Adapted from Medical News Today)

12. The conditions required to reduce the (A) having a balance diet can help reduce
inflammation stated in paragraph 2 are inflammation
found in paragraph (s) .... (B) consuming more curry is good to
(A) 1 avoid inflammation
(B) 3 (C) getting medication is a better way to
(C) 4 solve inflammatory problems
(D) 1 and 3 (D) taking foods with anti-inflammatory
(E) 2 and 3 materials can cure inflammation
(E) studies on the influence of foods with
13. Based on the passage, which of the anti-inflammatory property are
following reflects the idea of relationships consistent
between consuming gingers, nuts, fatty
fish, whole grains and health? 15. The possible role of anti-inflammatory
(A) Thirst and drinking foods is best described in paragraphs ....
(B) Age and physical strength (A) 1 and 2
(C) Learning efforts and grades (B) 1 and 3
(D) Sleeping hours and body freshness (C) 2 and 3
(E) Bodily exercise and physical growth (D) 2 and 4
(E) 3 arid 4
14. The argument in the last sentence of
paragraph 4 assumes that ....

Text 5

Spider-Man isn’t the only person with an interest in spider silk. While Spider-Man uses the threads
to zigzag from building to building, or to snare a bad guy, scientists are investigating silk for different
reasons. Though researchers have learned a lot about silk by investigating spiders, insects such as
caterpillars, ants and bees also have been studied for the sticky stuff. Scientists are even trying to get silk
from animals such as goats.

It turns out silk might be good for weaving a lot more than shirts and ties. In the future, the silky
fiber might be used to make super tough bulletproof vests and light but strong parachute cords. Silk also
might work well for delicate tasks inside the body. Researchers are experimenting with using silk to
support growing cells, the same way a construction crew builds scaffolding around a building to help keep
everything in its place during construction.
 Spider silk is an ideal material, according to a researcher from University of Wyoming, but humans
have been gathering silk not from spiders but from silkworms for hundreds of years. But silkworm silk has
its problems. A silkworm covers its silk in sticky glue that holds the cocoon together. Sometimes humans
have a bad allergic reaction to this glue.

Spiders, on the other hand, don’t use sticky glue. Most spiders have an abdomen made up of five
different sections. The last two sections are where the silk-making happens. These sections of the lower
belly are modified into special structures called spinnerets, which are sort of like faucets for silk. The silk
is mixed in glands and then secreted out of the spinnerets. Spiders can’t shoot silk out for long distances
the way Spider-Man does. Instead, they attach the emerging silk to something, like a tree branch, and then
move away from the branch. This pulls the silk outward.

The main ingredient in spider silk is proteins, and there are many different kinds, depending on which
spider is spinning and which silk it wants to make. Some of the proteins are very large and complicated,
and therefore hard to make a lot of in the lab. So some scientists have put the genes that have the
instructions for making silk into other creatures, such as goats. The silk-making genes are turned on only
in the goat cells that make milk, so when these goats are milked, there is silk in the milk. However, a liter of
milk may have only 15 grams of silk, which means it would take about 600 gallons of milk to make one
bulletproof vest. At higher concentrations the milk starts clumping, perhaps because the silk proteins are
sticking to milk proteins.

16. An appropriate title for the text is _______.

(A) The Chemical Characteristic of silk
(B) Silk Making : from Worms to Spiders
(C) Artificial Spider Silk Production
(D) The Long History of Silk
(E) Silk’s Superpower

17. Which field might use silk in the future?

(A) Health and automotive
(B) Agriculture and military
(C) Biochemistry and construction
(D) Military and medicine
(E) Mining and hospitality

18. Why did the writer mention building construction?

(A) To illustrate how strong and elastic silk is
(B) To describe how researchers extract silk out of spiders
(C) To explain about the process of silk making
(D) To illustrate how growing cells can be held up by silk
(E) To compare between silk from silkworms and silk from spiders

19. The word “clumping” in paragraph 5 is best replaced by _______.

(A) clotting
(B) cluttering
(C) spreading
(D) dispersing
(E) collecting

20. Which of the following statements about the text is FALSE?

(A) The use of silk in health is still empirical.
(B) Silk making genes can be planted into animals other than goats.
(C) Humans have long been collecting spider silk for various purposes.
(D) Secreting silk from specially-engineered milk is effective but not efficient.
(E) In the future, we will possibly use silk made by bees or ants.