Series de Fourier

Serie Generalizada de Fourier (SGF)

 b

 f (t )
2
V[a ,b ] =  f (t ) dt < +∞   BaseV[a ,b ] = {ϕ n (t ), n ∈ Z}
 a 
+∞
SGF: f (t ) =  C ϕ (t ), siendo:
n = −∞
n n

f (t ), ϕ n (t ) b
f (t ), ϕ n (t ) =  f (t ) ϕ n (t )dt y ϕ n (t ) = ϕ n (t ), ϕ n (t )
2
Cn = 2
,
ϕ n (t ) a
Serie Exponencial de Fourier (SEF)
 2π 
BaseV[0 ,T ] = ϕ n (t ) = e jnω0 t , n ∈ Z, ω0 = 
 T 
+∞ T
1
SEF: f (t ) = 
n = −∞
C n e jnω0 t , siendo: Cn =
T  f (t )e
− jnω0 t
dt
0
Serie Trigonométrica de Fourier (STF)
 2π 
BaseV[0 ,T ] = ϕ n (t ) : 1, cos(nω0 t ), sen(nω0 t ), n ∈ ℵ, ω0 = 
 T 
+∞
a
STF: f (t ) = 0 +
2 n=1

an cos(nω0t ) + bn sen (nω0t ), siendo:

T T T
a0 1 2 2
=
2 T 
0
f (t )dt , an =
T 
0
f (t ) cos(nω0t )dt , bn =
T  f (t )sen(nω t )dt
0
0

Serie Trigonométrica Alternativa de Fourier (STAF)

+∞
a0 2π
STAF: f (t ) =
2
+ A
n =1
Pn sen (nω0t + θ n ), ω0 =
T
, siendo:
T
a0 1 a 
=
2 T  f (t )dt ,
0
APn = an2 + bn2 , θ n = arctan n 
 bn 
Relación entre Coeficientes de SEF y STF
 a
 a0  a0  C0 = 0
 = C0 2 2
 2   1
Cn   an = 2 ⋅ Re{Cn }  an  Cn + = (an − jbn )
b = −2 ⋅ Im{C } b  2
 n n
 n C − = 1 (a + jb )
 

n n n
2
Teorema de Parseval (Potencia)
+∞ T
1
C  f (t )
2 2 2 2
SGF: f (t ) = n ⋅ ϕ n (t ) . Potencia de f (t ) : Pf = dt
n = −∞ T 0
+∞

C
2
SEF: Pf = n
n = −∞
2 +∞
 a0  1
STF: Pf = 
 2
 +
2  (a
n =1
2
n + bn2 )
2
1 +∞ 2 AP ∞
STAF: Pf =  0  + ( ) 
a
AP n . Valor eficaz de f (t ) : F = Pf =

a0 2
2 + An2 , con An = n
 2 2 n=1 n =1 2
Salida de Sistemas Lineales e Invariantes en el Tiempo (SLIT) ante entradas periódicas (SEF)
+∞ +∞
y (t ) = T [x(t )]  y (t ) =  C H (nω ) e
n=−∞
n 0
jnω0 t
, siendo H (ω ) =  h(t ) e
− jω t
dt
−∞
Salida de SLIT ante entradas periódicas (STAF)
+∞
a0
y (t ) = T [x(t )]  y (t ) =
2
H (0 ) + A
n=1
Pn H (nω0 ) sen (nω0t + θ n + Arg {H (nω0 )})

Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana

franco.pessana@gmail.com
 Tabla de Propiedades y pares transformados de Fourier
+∞ +∞
f(t) = 1  F (ω)·e jωt dω F(ω)=  f (t )·e − jωt dt
2π −∞ −∞

1 a1 f 1 ( t ) + a 2 f 2 ( t ) a1 F1 ( ω ) + a2 F2 ( ω )
1  ω
2 f ( at ), a ≠ 0 F 
a a
3 f ( t m t0 ) e m jωt0 F ( ω )
4 e ± jω0t f ( t ) F ( ω m ω0 )
5 f ( t ) ⋅ cos( ω0 t ) 1
2 F ( ω − ω0 ) + 12 F ( ω + ω0 )
6 f ( t ) ⋅ sen( ω0 t ) 1
2j F ( ω − ω0 ) − 1
2j F ( ω + ω0 )
7 F( t ) 2 πf ( −ω )
n
d f (t )
8 , n ∈ℵ ( jω ) n F ( ω )
dt n
t 1
9  f ( t ′ )dt ′ F ( ω ) + πF ( 0 )δ( ω )
−∞ jω
d n F( ω )
10 ( − jt )n f ( t ), n ∈ ℵ
dω n
f (t ) ω

11  F ( ω′ )dω′
− jt −∞

12 f 1 ( t )* f 2 ( t ) F1 ( ω ) ⋅ F2 ( ω )
13 f1( t ) ⋅ f 2 ( t ) 1
2π F1 ( ω )* F2 ( ω )
∞ ∞

14  f 1 ( t ) f 2 ( t )dt 1
2π  F1 ( ω ) ⋅ F 2 ( ω )dω
−∞ −∞

1
15 e − at u( t )
a + jω
−a t
2a
16 e
a + ω2
2

2 ω2
−
17 e − at , a ≠ 0 π
a e 4a

18 A ⋅ p2T ( t ) 2 ATsinc( ωT )
 A 1 −
∆( t ) = 
( t
T ), t < T  ωT 
ATsinc 2  
19
0 , t >T  2 
t n−1 1
20 e −at u( t )
(n − 1) ! ( jω + a ) n

ω0
21 e − at sen ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
(a + jω)2 + ω02
a + jω
22 e − at cos ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
(a + jω) 2
+ ω02
23 kδ( t ) k
24 k 2 πkδ( ω )
2
25 sgn( t )
jω
1
26 u( t ) + πδ( ω )
jω
27 cos ω0 t π[δ(ω − ω0 ) + δ(ω + ω0 )]
28 sen ω0 t jπ[δ(ω + ω0 ) − δ(ω − ω0 )]
29 e ± jω0t
2 πδ( ω m ω0 )
∞ T 2
1 2π ∞
30  Cn e jnω t , Cn = T  f (t )·e − jnω t dt , ω0 =
0 0

T
2 π  Cn δ(ω − nω0 )
n =−∞
n = −∞ −T 2

∞ ∞
2π
31  δ (t − nT )
n = −∞
S ωS  δ (ω − nω
n = −∞
S ), ωS =
TS

n d n δ(ω)
32 t , n ∈ℵ 2 πj n
dω n
Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana
franco.pessana@gmail.com
 Tabla de Propiedades y pares transformados de Laplace
σ + j∞ +∞
1
F (s )·e st ds , s = σ + jω
2 πj σ−j∞  f (t )·e
− st
f(t) = F(s) = dt
0

1 a1 f 1 ( t ) + a 2 f 2 ( t ) a1 F1 ( s ) + a2 F2 ( s )
1 s
2 f ( at ), a ≠ 0 F 
a a
3 f ( t − τ )u( t − τ ) e − τs F ( s )
4 e ± at f ( t ) F( s m a )
5 f 1 ( t )* f 2 ( t ) F1 ( s ) ⋅ F2 ( s )
c + j∞
1
6 f1( t ) ⋅ f 2 ( t )
j 2π  F (τ ) F (s − τ )dτ
c − j∞
1 2

dn f (t )
7 , n ∈ ℵ, t ≥ 0 s n F ( s ) − s n−1 f ( 0 ) − s n−2 f ′( 0 ) − L − f ( n−1 ) ( 0 )
dt n
0
t

8  f ( t ′ )dt ′ F ( s ) −∞ f ( t )dt

−∞
+
s s
d n F( s )
9 ( −t )n f ( t ), n ∈ ℵ
ds n
∞
f (t )
10  F ( u )du
t s

1 T −st
11 f (t ) = f (t +T )  f ( t )e dt
1 − e −sT 0
12 f (0 ) lím sF ( s )
s →∞

13 lím f ( t ) lím sF ( s )
t →∞ s→0
( n −1 ) n
14 lím f (t ) lím s F ( s )
t →∞ s→0
n
P(α ) P( s )
15  Q′(αk ) e α t , α k / Q(α k ) = 0
k

Q( s )
, gr (P ) < gr (Q ) = n
k =1 k

1
16 e ± at u( t )
sma
n!
17 t n e ± at u( t ), n ∈ ℵ
(s m a )n+1
1
18 u( t )
s
+∞
2 a , con
19 e
−a t
Fb (s) =  f (t )·e − st dt
a − s2
2
−∞

a
20 (1 − e )⋅ u( t )
− at

s (s + a )
ω0
21 e − at sen ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
(s + a )2 + ω02
s+a
22 e − at cos ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
(s + a )2 + ω02
s
23 cos ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
s + ω02
2

ω0
24 sen ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
s 2 + ω02
25 kδ( t ) k
d n δ( t )
26 sn
dt n
∞ 1
27  δ(t − nT )
n = −∞ 1 − e − sT
s
28 cosh ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
s 2 − ω02
ω0
29 senh ω0 t ⋅ u( t )
s − ω02
2

Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana

franco.pessana@gmail.com
 Tabla de Propiedades de Transformada Z
Propiedades Comunes para TZB y TZU
1 ∞ ∞
# f [n] =  F (z )·z n−1dz , n ∈ Ζ Fb (z) =  f[n]z −n ; F(z) =  f [n ] z − n
2πj C n=−∞ n=0

1 a1 f1[n] + a2 f 2[n] a1 F1( z ) + a2 F2 ( z )

2 f [n ] F (z )
3 Re{f [n ] } 1
2 [F(z) + F(z)]
4 Im{f [n ] } 1
2j [F (z ) − F (z )]
k
 d 
5 n k f[n ] ( −1 )k  z  F ( z ) , k ∈ ℵ ∪ {0}
 dz 
6 a ± n f [n ] , a ≠ 0 F (a m1 z )
7 {f[ ]}* {g[ ]}
n n F( z ) ⋅ G( z )
1 n−1
8 f [n ] =  F( z )z dz, n ∈ Ζ F( z )
2πj γ
π TS
T
π F (e
jωTS
9 f[nTS ] = S ) ⋅ e jnωTS dω F( z )
2π
− TS

1 1 z
10 f [n ] ⋅ g [ n ]  F (ω) ⋅ G dω
2πj γ ω  ω
Propiedades Exclusivas de TZB
1 ∞
F (z )·z n−1dz , n ∈ Ζ  f[n]z −n
2πj C
# f [n] = Fb (z) =
n=−∞
a
1 f [n + a ] z F( z )
2 f [n − a ] z−a F( z )
1
3 f[−n] F 
z
f[n]
4 − za  z −1−a F( z )dz
n+a
1
5 f [−n] F 
z
Propiedades Exclusivas de TZU
1 ∞
# f [n ] =  F (z )·z n−1dz , n ∈ ℵ ∪ {0} F(z) =  f[n] z −n
2πj C n=0

1 f [n + a ] z a [F (z ) − f[0 ] − z −1 f [1] − L − z − a+1 f [a−1] ] , a ∈ℵ

2 f [n − a ] z−a F(z) , a ∈ℵ
3 f [n − a ] z − a F ( z ) + f [−a ] + z −1 f [− a +1] + z −2 f [− a + 2 ] + L + z − a +1 f [−1]
4 f [0 ] lim F (z )
z →∞

5 lim f [n ]
n→∞ z→1
(
lim 1 − z−1 ·F(z) )
z −1
6 ∇f[n] F (z )
z
m
 z −1
7 ∇ m f [n ]   F (z )
 z 
8 ∆f[n] (z − 1)F (z ) − zf[ ] 0

m−1
9 ∆m f[n] (z − 1)m F (z ) − z(z − 1)m−k−1 ∆k f[n]
k =0
n
z
10  f [k ] F (z )
k =0 z −1
f [n ] ∞
F (z′) f
11 , n ∈ℵ  dz′ + lím [n ]
n z z′ n→∞ n

Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana

franco.pessana@gmail.com
 ∞ 1  1  −1
 f [n ] g [ n ] =  F (ω) ⋅ G ω dω
∇f [n ] = f [n ] − f [n −1] Identidad de Parseval:
n = −∞ 2πj γ  ω
Siendo:  ∞ 2 1  1  −1
∆f [n ] = f [n +1] − f [n ]  f [n ] =  F (ω) ⋅ F  ω dω
n = −∞ 2πj γ  ω

Pares de Transformadas Z Unilateral

1 ∞
 F (z )·z dz , n ∈ ℵ ∪ {0}
n −1
# f [n ] =
2πj F(z) =  f[n] z −n Región de Convergencia
C n=0

1 δ [n ] 1 ∀z ∈ Ζ
2 δ [n − m ] z −m ∀z ∈Ζ − {0}
z
3 u [n ] z >1
z −1
z
4 n·u [n ] z >1
(z − 1)2
z (z + 1)
5 n2 ·u[n] z >1
(z − 1)3
z
6 an ·u[n] z−a
z>a
z
7 n·an−1·u[n] z>a
(z − a )2
z2
8 (n + 1)·a n ·u[n] (z − a )2
z>a

(n + 1)(n + 2 )L (n + m ) a n ·u [n ] z m +1
9 z>a
m! (z − a )m+1
z(z − cos Ω0 )
10 Ω 2 z >1
z − 2 z cos Ω0 + 1
z sen Ω0
11 Ω z >1
z 2 − 2 z cos Ω0 + 1
z (z − a cos Ω 0 )
12 Ω z>a
z − 2 az cos Ω 0 + a 2
2

az sen Ω 0
13 Ω z>a
z − 2 az cos Ω 0 + a 2
2

z
14 z > e− aT
z − e − aT

15
(
z z − e − aT cos ω0T ) z > e− aT
z 2 − 2 ze − aT cos ω0T + e − 2 aT
ze − aT sen ω0T
16 z > e− aT
z − 2 ze − aT cos ω0T + e − 2 aT
2

z senh Ω0
17 ℎ Ω 2 z > e−Ω 0

z − 2 z cosh Ω0 + 1
z ( z − cosh Ω0 )
18 ℎ Ω 2 z > e−Ω 0

z − 2 z cosh Ω0 + 1

Expresiones útiles:

+ =1 ± = ∙ ∓ ∙
− = 2 1 1
1 ∙ = − − +
2 2
= 1+ 2 1 1
2 ∙ = − + +
1 2 2
= 1− 2 1 1
2 ∙ = − + +
± = ∙ ± ∙ 2 2
Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana
franco.pessana@gmail.com
Tabla de Propiedades Transformada de Fourier de una Secuencia (TFS)
π ∞

π ( )  f[ ] ⋅ e
1
# f [n ] = F e jω e jnω dω F(e jω ) = n
− jnω
2π
− n = −∞

1 a1 f1[n] + a2 f 2 [n] a1F1 (e ) + a2 F2 (e jω )

jω

2 f [n m n0 ] ( )
F e jω ⋅ e m jn 0ω
3 f [n ] ⋅ e ± jn ω0 F (e (ω ω ) )
j m 0

4 f [n ] (
F e − jω )
5 f [− n] F (e − jω
)
6 f [− n] F (e jω
)
 f [n L] si n = kL , k ∈ Ζ
7 Sobremuestrestreador: f (L ) [n] =  , F (e jωL
)
 0 si n ≠ kL , k ∈ Ζ
M −1
8 Submuestreador: g [n] = f [nM ] ( )
G e jω =
1
M  F (e ((ω j −2π l ) M )
)
l =0

9 x[n]* h[n] X (e j ω ) ⋅ H (e j ω )
π

π X (e )⋅ H (e )dθ
1 θ (ω θ )
x[n] ⋅ h[n ]
j j −
10
2π
−

11 f [n] − f [n − 1] (1 − e ω )F (e ω )
−j j

n
12  f [k ]
k = −∞
(1 − e ω ) F (e ω )
−j −1 j

nf [n] dF (e ω ) j
13 j
dω
14 f [n] = δ [n] ( )= 1
Fe jω

15 f [n] = δ [n − n0 ] F (e ) = e
jω − jn0ω

∞ ∞

 δ ω −
2π 2πk 
16 f [n] =  δ [n − kN ] ( )
F e jω =
N N 

k = −∞ k =−∞
∞
17 f [n] = e jω0n ( )
F e jω = 2π δ (ω − ω 0 − 2π k )
k = −∞
N −1 2π nk ∞

 a δ ω −
2π k 
18 Serie Discreta de Fourier: f [n] =  ak e
j
N ( )
F e jω = 2π k
N 

k =0 k = −∞
∞ π

 π F (e )
2 1 2
19 Relación de Parseval para señales aperiódicas: E= f [n] = ω j
dω
n= −∞
2π
−

Tabla de Propiedades de Transformada Discreta de Fourier (TDF)

N −1 2π ⋅ n ⋅ k N −1 2π ⋅ n ⋅ k
−j

j

1
# f [n] = F[k ] ⋅ e N ; n = 0,1,2,3, L, N − 1 F [k ] = f [n ] ⋅ e N ; k = 0,1,2,3, L , N − 1
N k =o n=o

1 a 1 f 1 [ n ] + a 2 f 2 [n ] a1 F1 [k ] + a 2 F2 [k ]
2π
2 f ( [n m n0 ])N −j
F [k ] ⋅ WN ± n0k con W N = e N

2π
3 f [n] ⋅ W N ± k0n F ( [k ± k 0 ])N con W N = e
−j
N

N −1
4 x[n] ⊗ h[n] =  x[l ]⋅ h([n − l ])
l =0
N
, con n = 0,1,2,3, L, N − 1 X [k ]⋅ H [k ]

N −1

 X [l ]⋅ H ([k − l ])
1
5 x[n] ⋅ h[n] N
, con k = 0,1,2,3, L , N − 1
N l =0

6 f [n] F ( [− k ])N
7 f ( [− n])N F [k ]

Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana

franco.pessana@gmail.com
 Pares transformados de Laplace y Z
" # $ % " &' "& $ (
1 --- --- )* 1
2 --- --- ) *− +
1 1
3 , * -
1−+

. 1 / 1
4 , * -
+ 1− +
1 + -
5 , , * *
1−+ -
2 + - 1++ -
6 , , * *
0 1−+ - 0
0+ - 1 + 4+ - + +
6
7 ,0 , * 0 *
2 1−+ - 2
1− + -
. /
8 1− ,
+
1− *
1−+ - 1− + -

5− 4 -
. 4. / 4/ − +
9 − , − * - 4 -
+ +5 1− + 1− +

.
1 / + -
10 , , * *
+ 1− + -
1− 1+ + -
. /
11 1− , ,
+
1− * * -
1− +
2 - -
. / 1+ + +
12 , , 0 * * - 0
+ 1− +
- -
. /. −1+ + 1− − + +
13 ,−1+ , * −1+ *
+ 1−+ - 1− + -

-
+
14 , , * *
+ 1 − 2+ - ++
-
1− +
15 , , * *
+ 1 − 2+ - ++
. / + -
16 , ,
+ +
* * -
1 − 2+ + +
+ -
. / 1− +
17 , , * *
+ + 1 − 2+ - + +
/ 1
18 * -
1− +
/ +
19 *− -
1− +
-
/ - +
20 * * -
1− +
+ -1+ + -
/ -
21 * *
1− + - 0

+ - 1+4 + -+ +
22 *0 / - *
1− + - 2
-
+ 1 + 11 + - + 11 + + 0
+ 0
23 *2 / - *
1− + - 6
/
1
24 7* *
1+ + -
* *−1 +
25 *
2! 1−+ - 0
* *−1 ⋯ *−:+2 + ;<-
26 *
:−1 ! 1−+ - ;

* *−1 /
+
27 * - 0
2! 1− +
* *−1 ⋯ *−:+2 / + ;<-
28 ;<- *
:−1 ! 1− + - ;

Recordar que: = ∗ = ∑/CB B@ * /A

= = + |ECF GH Dr. Ing. Franco Martin Pessana (franco.pessana@gmail.com)