C.

Looking back at Human Bio

Cultural and Social Evolution
Objective:
• Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early humans
• Understand the value of artifacts in interpreting the system
• Appreciate and reflect on the contribution of the past as part of becoming
human
Activity # 3: 1 pix 5 words
Mechanics:
• Show a picture of human evolution
• Enumerate characteristics of cultural and human evolution
corresponding each picture.
Processing:
What have you observed?
Biological, cultural and political evolution goes hand in hand.
 1 pix 5 words (biological, cultural and sociopolitical)
Cro – Magnons Agrarian Societies

Hunting & Gathering society

Pastoral Societies
 TYPE PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS

Cro - magnons
40,000 – 10,000  made fine weapons, jewelries, cave
yrs. Ago painting, hunters and gatherers
 Almost the same
species as we are,
taller and stronger
that most of us

50,000 BCE to Consists of small numbers of people

the present . gaining their livelihood from hunting,
Now on the fishing & gathering edible plants.
verge of Few inequalities
disappearance Differences of rank limited by age &
gender

Hunting & gathering

Society
 TYPE PERIOD
Agrarian Societies 12,000 B.C.E.to the
present
Most are now part of
larger political entities
and are losing their
distinct identity
Pastoral societies 12,000 B.C.E to the
present
Today mostly part of
larger states; their
traditional ways of life are
being undermined
CHARACTERISTICS
Based on small rural communities
w/o towns or cities
Livelihood gained through
agriculture, supplemented by
hunting gathering.
Stronger inequalities than among
hunters & gatherers
Ruled by chiefs
Size ranges from a few hundreds to
many thousands
Depend on the tending animals for
their subsistence
Marked by distinct inequalities
Ruled by chiefs or warrior kings
Creationism vs. evolution
Evolution: The Human Race
EVOLUTION THEORY
• Theory that believes that all forms started from simple
forms and transformed to complex ones.
• Charles Darwin (The Origin of Species)
THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
• Species with favorable characteristics, and were able to
withstand changes in the environment, are more likely to
pass on these characteristics to their offs prings
• “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”
Socio – political evolution
• Chiefdoms (Megalithic culture)
• Neolithic revolution
• Rise of states
• Democratization
 D. Becoming a Member of a
Society
Objective:
• Understand the development of self as end product of socialization and
enculturation.
• Contextualize the content, processes and consequences of enculturation and
socialization.
• Promote protection of human dignity, rights and the common good
Activity # 4: Role Model
(You as a member of a society and political body)
Pix of a model
• Students will identify different distinct statutes/functions that a
person occupy as a member of a society and as a citizen
• Processing:
• As a member of the society and as a citizen of a country what are the
expected norms of conduct we ought to follow, what will happen if
we choose to disobey/ignore those rules?
This is me with an array of duties and responsibilities
Enculturation/Socialization

learning the traditional content of

culture and assimilates its practices
and values
• What makes us who we are?
• We as a product of our social environment.
(Impact of isolation: 1994 movie Nell, the case of Isabelle and the boy
from Aveyron)
Components of culture:
Norms -
These are the guidelines people are supposed to follow in their
relation with one another; these are shared rules of conduct that
specify how people ought to think and act. (Homans, 1950)
Types of Norms: Folkways, Mores and Laws
Values –
belief or feeling that is widely shared & considered an important
part of community or group identity
Statuses and roles
Social Status – refers to the position an individual occupies in society
and implies a set of rights and duties.
Ascribed status and achieved status
Roles - is acting in accordance with the expected norms attached to a
particular position
These lines capture the essence of social roles.
Think of how many roles you play in a single day,
e.g. son, daughter, sister, brother, students,
worker, friend etc. Each social role carries
expected behaviors called norms.
Socialization for Sex Role
• is the processing of learning how males and females are "supposed"
to act differently.
Girls...
• like to play with dolls
• like to help mother
• talk a lot
• never hit
• say "I need some help"
• will grow up to be a nurse or
a teacher
Boys...
• like to play with cars
• like to help father
• like to build things
• say "I can hit you"
• will grow up to be boss
Conformity and Deviance

• a person who deviates,

especially from norms of social
behavior; a thing, phenomenon,
or trend that deviates from an
expectation or pattern.
Deviant is relative
• What is deviant for one group may be
acceptable to another group. Abortion, pre-
marital sex, polygamy and divorce do not
constitute in some societies, but are strongly
disapproved and punished in other society.

• Deviant may be tolerated, approved or

disapproved. The positively overt and
upwardly persons like the saint, hero, and one
with exemplary conduct are approved by the
society.

• Deviant is also a pathological phenomenon,

as in the case of mental illness or
psychological disorder individuals.
Social Control
• refers to the measure and pressures designed to ensure conformity to
the approved standards to the approved standards of behavior in a
group or society
Types of social control:
Formal promotions
bonuses
certificates of merits
citation of awards
suspensions or expulsion
Informal approval and praising
denial of affection
bestowal of affection
expression of opinion
Disapproval
gossip
reprimand
MERTON’S anomie theory of deviance
Conformists Innovators

Ritualists
Retreatists Rebellious
Human Dignity, Rights and the Common Good
• Universal declaration of human rights
Man's desire for peace lies behind this Declaration. The realization
that the flagrant violation of human rights by Nazi and Fascist
countries sowed the seeds of the last world war has supplied the
impetus for the work which brings us to the moment of achievement
here today.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Chairperson of the CHR
• Article III and preamble of the Philippine constitution
• Enumeration of legislative mandates safeguarding human rights and
organizations whose purpose is to protect the rights of man.