Mechanics - 02

Linear Motion - 02

THEORY 01

Displacement - Time graphs (s -t)

S
When we plot the graph of the variation of the displacement with time of a
moving object on a straight line, we can get the displacement-time curve.
c = Initial displacement = s0 S
The intercept of the graph shows the initial displacement. Most of the time 
S0  t
this is zero.
t
x coordinate represents the time, while the y coordinate represents the displacement.
The gradient or slope of the graph shows the rate of change of displacement, i.e. velocity.
S   S
Tan  = t V =
  t
S(m)
Note This region shows the
Always when we experess displacement, we always choose a motion towards one di-
reference point on the straight line and have to express relative to it. rection from reference
point. t(s)
Displacement from O towards A is positive.
This region shows the
Displacement from O towards B is negative. motion to the opposite
direction from reference
point.
B O  A
S(-) S(+)

Describing the nature of motion of an object using the shape of a displacement - time graph.
01' Stationary
If the object is stationery, its velocity is zero. The gradient of a displacement time graph is equal to the
velocity. So if the velocity is zero, the gradient of the graph is also zero.
(a). This graph shows a stationery object which is at reference point O.
S(m)

t(s)
B (-) O (+) A O
(b). This S-t graph shows a stationary object which is at a point away fom O in the positive direction.
S(m)

B O (+) A t(s)
(-)

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 12 -

(c). This graph shows a
stationary object S(m)
which is at a point
away from O in the
negative side. t(s)

B (-) O (+) A

02' When moving in the (+) direction with a uniform velocity

(a). S(m)
 t = 0, the intercept is zero. This means that the initial displacement of the
object is zero and it starts to move from O.
 At t = 0, there is a certain slope. That means that the object starts to move
with a given velocity. Gradient or the slope is (+). So the velocity is (+) .
It moves to the (+) direction from O.
 Gradient or the slope is constant. So the velocity of the object is uniform. t(s)

'' The object which starts the motion from O with a certain
velocity but moves away from O with that same uniform velocity.'' V(+)
 a=0

O A
(b). S(m) S(+)
 At t = 0, there's a (+) intercept. That means there's a displacement
for the object. So the object starts the motion from a point which is
away from O but at the (+) side.
 At t= 0 , there's a slope. That means it starts the motion with a
S0 certain velocity.
t(s)  The gradient is (+). That means the velocity is (+) So the object
O moves to the (+) direction from O.
 Slope or the gradient is constant. So the object moves with uniform
velocity.

'' The object starts the motion from a point which
is on the positive side from O with a certain
velocity and moves away from O with the same
velocity''
O SO
S(m)
(c).
 There's a negative intercept at t = 0. That means that the objeect
has an initial displacement. So the object starts to move from a
O t(s) position which is in the (-) side of the O.
- S0  There's a certain gradient at t = 0. That means the object starts to
move with a certain velocity.
 Gradient is (+). That means the velocity is (+). So it moves to the
(+) direction.
 Since the gradient is constant, velocity is also constant.


'' The object starts the motion from a point

which is at the (-) side of O with a certain ve-
O locity and moves with that uniform velocity to-
SO wards the (+) direction passing O ''

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 13 -

 03'Moving under uniform velocity towards the (-) direction S(m)
(a).
 At t = 0, the gradient is zero. So the initial displacement is zero while it
O t(s)
starts to move from O.
 There's a certain gradient at t = 0. So it possesses an initial velocity.
 The gradient or the slope is (-). So the object moves to the (-) direction
from O.
 Gradient is constant. So the velocity is also constant.

'' The object starts the motion from O with a

certain velocity and moves with a uniform
velocity towards the (-) direction of O from O. ''
B O A
S(m) S(-) S(+)
(b).
 There's an intercept at t = 0. Therefore the object starts the motion
from a point which is at the (+) side of O.
 There's certain agradient at t = 0. Therefore object starts to move
S0
with a certain velocity
t(s)
O  The gradient or the slope is (-). So the object moves towards O and
then towards the (-) direction of O.

'' The object which starts the motion from a

point which is at the (+) side of O and with a
certain velocity and moves towards the (-) side
of the O passing O with that velocity. ''
O
SO
S(m)
(c).
 There's a (-) intercept at t = 0. Therefore it starts the motion from a
O t(s)
point which is at the (-) side of O.
 There's a gradient at t = 0. Therefore the object starts to move with a - S0
certain velocity.
 The gradient or the slope is (-). So the object moves towards the (-)
direction away from O.
 The velocity is uniform since the gradient is constant.
'' The object starts to move with a cetain velocity
from a point which is at the (-) side of O and moves
- SO
towards that side with a uniform velocity. ''
(-S) O (+S)
04' Moving to the (+) direction with constant acceleration S (m)
(a).
 At t = 0 the intercept is zero. So the object starts to move form O.
 At t = 0, the gradient or the slope is zero. That means at t = 0, it starts the
motion from stationary position. That means the initial velocity is zero. The
slope is (+). That means the velocity is (+). That means the object moves to A
from O. t (s)
 The slope (gradient) increases with time. That means the velocity increases.
So the object moves with an acceleration.
" The object starts the motion from rest from O and moves  V(+)
towards the (+) direction with an increasing velocity
S(+) acceleration
that means with an acceleration "
O A
ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 14 -
(b). S (m)
 There's a (+) intercept at t = 0. Therefore the object starts the motion
from a point which is at the (+) side of O.
 The gradient is zero at t = 0. Therefore the initial velocity is zero. There- O
fore it starts its motion from rest.
 The gradient is (+). So the velocity is (+). So the object starts to move S0
from O towards the (+) direction of O. t (s)
 The gradient increases with time. That means the velocity increases. So
the object moves with the increase of the velocity or with acceleration.

'' The object starts the motion from a point which is at
the (+) side of O from rest with an acceleration towards
the (+) direction away from O. ''
O
SO
(c).
 A (-) intercept exists at t = 0. Therefore it starts the motion from a point S (m)
which is on the (-) side of O.
 The gradient at t = 0 is zero. Therefore it does not possess an initial
velocity. That means it starts its motion from rest.
 A (+) gradient exists. That means that the velocity is (+). Hence the t (s)
object moves towards the (+) side. - S0
 The gradient increases with time, i.e. the object moves with increasing
velocity or acceleration.


'' The object starts its motion from a point on the
(-) side of O from rest and passes O towards the
(+) direction with increasing velocity or
acceleration. ''
SO O
S (m)
05' Moves with uniform velocity towards the (+) direction
(a).
 At t = 0, the intercept is zero. So the object starts the motion from O.
 At t = 0, the slope is high. So the object starts the motion from O with a higher
velocity.
 The slope is (+). So the velocity is (+). So the object moves towards A from O.
 The slope decreases with time. That means the velocity gradually decreases. t (s)
So the object decelerates.
" The object which starts the motion from O with a higher S(+)

velocity moves away from O towards the (+) direction with V(+)
decreasing velocity that means with a deceleration."

(b). O A
S (m)
 There's a (+) intercept at t = 0. Therefore the object has an initial dis-
placement.
 At t = 0, there's a higher gradient. So the object moves with a higher
velocity.
S0  The gradient is (+). The velocity is (+). So the object moves to the (+)
direction.
t (s)  The gradient decreases with time. So the velocity of the object decreases
gradually. So the object decelerates.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 15 -

 '' The object starts the motion with a higher velocity from a
point which is at the (+) side of O and moves with decreasing 
velocity, that means with a deceleration away from O.''

S (m) O
(c). S0
 There's a (-) intercept at t =0.  the initial displacement is (-). If
starts the motion from a point which is at the (-) side from O.
t (s)
 There's a higher gradient at t = 0. So the object starts to move with a
higher velocity.
S0  The gradient is (+). So the velocity is (+) So the object moves to-
wards the (+) direction.
 The gradient decreases with time. That means the velocity gradually
decreases. So the object moves with deceleation.

'' The object starts the motion from a point which is at
the (-) side of O with a higher velocity and moves with a
decreasing velocity or with a deceleration towards the
SO O (+) side of 'O' passing 'O'. ''

06' Moving to the (-) direction with uniform acceleration S (m) tangent drawn
(a).
 The intercept is (+) at t = 0. That means the object has an initial dsplacement. at t = 0
The object starts the motion from a point A away from O.
S0
 The gradient (slope) is zero at t = 0. That means the velocity is zero at t =
0. So the object starts to move from rest.
 The gradient or the slope of the graph is (-). That means the object moves
towards O from A. t (s)
 The slope increases with the time. That means the velocity of the object
increases. So the object moves from A to O with accleration.

" The object starts the motion from rest at a point in the V(-)
(+) side away from O and moves with an increasing acceleration
velocity, or with an acceleration and reaches O with a
higher velocity. " O S(+) A

(b). S (m)
 The intercept is zero at t = 0. So the initial displacement is zero.
 The gradient is zero at t = 0. So the initial velocity is zero.
 The gradient is (-). So the velocity is (-). So the object moves towards the (-) t (s)
direction from O.
 The magnitude of the gradient gradually increases. So the velocity increases.
So the object accelerates.

'' The object which starts the motion at O from rest,

moves with increasing velocity, i.e. with an acceleration
from O to B, in the (-) direction"

B O

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 16 -

(c).
S(m)
 There's a (-) intercept at t = 0. the object starts the motion from a
point which is at the (-) side of O.
O t(s)
 The gradient at t = 0 is zero. So the object starts the motion from rest.
 The gradient is (-). So the velocity is (-). So the object moves from O - S0
towards the (-) direction.
 The magnitude of the gradient increases with time. So the velocity in-
creases gradually. So the object accelerates.

'' The object starts the motion from a point which is

in the (-) side of O from rest, and moves towards the
(-) direction (from O to B) with an increasing velocity,
that is, with an acceleration. ''

B O A
- SO
07' Moving under uniform deceleration towards the (-) direction
(a). S (m)
 The intercept is (+) at t = 0. So the object has an initial displacement. So the
object starts the motion from a point away from 'O'
 At t = 0, the gradient is high. That means at t = 0, there's a high velocity. So the
object starts the motion with a higher velocity.
 The gradient or the slope of the graph is (-). So the velocity is (-). So the object
moves towards O from A.
t (s)
 The slope decreases gradually with the time. So the velocity decreases. So the
object moves from A to O with a deceleration.

" The object starts the motion from a point which is V(-)
in (+) side of O with a higher velocity and moves with deceleration
a deceleration and comes to rest at O. "
O S(+) A

(b). S (m)
 The intercept is zero at t = 0. So the object starts the motion from rest from 'O'.
 There's a higher gradient at t = 0. So it possesses an initial higher velocity.
 The gradient of the graph is (-). So the velocity is (-). So the object moves from
O towards B. t (s)
 The gradient of the graph decreases gradually. So the velocity decreases. So
the motion of the object decelerates.

" The object starts the motion from O with a higher

velocity but moves from O to B with decreasing
V(-)
velocity, i.e. with a deceleration."

(c). B S(-) O
 There's a (-) intercept at t = 0. So the motion starts form a point which
is at the (-) side from O. S (m)
 There's a higher gradient at t = 0. So there's a higher initial velocity.
 The gradient is (-) So the object moves towards the (-) direction from O.
 The magnitude of the gradient decreases with time. So the object decel-
erates. - SO t (s)

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 17 -

 " The object starts the motion from a point which is at the (-)
side of O from a higher velocity but moves from O to B with
decreasing velocity or deceleration."

NOTE B O
- SO

(a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (c)

The graph which has the highest gradient The graph which has the maximum negative
is (a) gradient is (a)

Q 01
(a) The shape of the distance – time graph of an object moving in a linear path (starting from rest) within a
time period of 120 s is given below.
d/m
80 D

70

60
56 C
50

40

30
26 B
20

10

A 15 30 38 45 60 75 90 105 120 t/s

(i) What is the type of motion of the object from A to B? Explain your answer.

(ii) The mean speed of the object from t = 38s to t= 60s.

(iii) What is the type of motion from C to D? Explain your answer.

(iv) Can the motion from C to D be in the opposite direction of the motion from A to C? Explain the answer.

(v) The mean speed of the motion from C to D.

(vi) The mean speed of the entire motion from A to D.

(vi) Considering that the above stated motion from A to B is uniform, Find the speed at B using equations of
linear motion without calculating the gradient of the graph.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 18 -

Q 02
(a) A rubber ball is gently released downwards from 20 m height. It rebounces back to maximum height of
5.0 m after it hits the floor.Draw the shape of the S – t graph until it hits the floor for the second time
considering the ground level to be the displacement zero position and the displacement above the ground to
be (+).

S/m

0 t

(b) The time taken until it hits the floor for the second time from the instance it is released.

(c) The mean speed from the instance it was released until it hits the floor for the 1 st time.

(d) The mean speed from the instance it hits floor for the 1 st time until it hits the floor for the 2 nd time.

Q 03
The graph given below depicts the variation of the position of a certain particle on the x axis (x) with time.

Answer the questions using the graph given.

(a) The mean speed between the time period from t = 1.5 s to t = 4.0 s.

(b) Calculate the instantaneous speed of the object at t = 2.0 s using the given tangential line.

(c) What are the times it shows a zero instantaneous speed.

(d) Draw the approximate shape of the graph of variation of the distance of the object (d) with time (t) during
that time period.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 19 -

Q 04
The variation of the position (x) of on object moving along the axis with the time (t) is as depicted in the
following. Find the mean velocity of the particle for each of the following time intervals.

(i) Distance between 0 s and 2.0 s (ii) Distance between 0 s and 4.0 s

(iii) Distance between 2.0 s and 4.0 s (iv) Distance between 4.0 s and 7.0 s

(v) During the first 0 s

Q 05
A , B and C are 3 objects. The given graph shows the dis-
placements made by them, within the first few seconds. An-
swer the following using the graph.

a).(i) Which object has the highest velocity at the begining of the journey?

(ii) Which object has the highest velocity in the 1st second?

(iii) Which object has the lowest velocity in the 1st second?

b). Which object is situated furthest away in the 2nd second?

c).(i) When A meets C, is the speed of B higher or lower than that of A?

(ii) When A meets C, is B infront of C or behind C ?

d).(i) Is there an instant where the velocities of A and B become equal.

(ii) If there is such an instant, what is the time at which this occurs? (Write an approximate value)

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 20 -

Q 06
A speed boat uniformly increases its speed as it travels in water. The displacement (S) – time (t) graph of
the boat during a 5s time period is as shown below.

Direction of
Motion

S/m

80

75 C

70

60

55 D
50

40

30

B
20

10

0 A 1 2 3 4 5 t/s

CD is the tangent drawn to the point C while AB is the tangent drawn to the point A.

(a) The velocity of the boat at t = 0 s.

(b) The velocity of the boat at t = 5 s

(c) Calculate the acceleration of the boat during the time period t = 0 s and t = 5 s by using 3 different equation
of motion and show that all of them give a same value.
ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 21 -
THEORY 02

V (ms -1 )
Velocity - time graphs ( V - t )
When we plot the variation of the veloicty of a particle which moves along
a linear path with time, we get the veloicty time graph.
V

The intercept shows the initial velocity. U
t

The gradient of the graph shows the acceleration.
t (s)
V v
Gradient = Tan   a =
t t

From the area covered by the velocity time graph shows the displacement
of the object. V (ms -1 )
Velocity at A = V
B
Velocity at B = V + V V
A
t
Time at A = t
C D t (s)
Time spent at B = t + t
S
Area of ABCD = 1 (V + V +v ) x t
2 A B

Area of ABCD 1
= (2V + V ) t ...................(1)
2

The displacement made during t time = Mean velocity X Time = V + V + V t
2
The displacement made during t time = 1
(2V + V ) t ..................(2)
2
From (1) and (2)

The displacement made during t time = Area of ABCD

NOTE
V
When we consider the area, we must note that there are two
types as (+) and (-). The area above the time axis is (+) while
S1 S3
that below is (-). The (+) area represents the dsplacement V
change towards the (+) direction and the (-) area represents S2
the displacement change towards (-) direction.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 22 -

  The areas of S1 and S3 are (+) while that of S2 is (-).
the displacemet change to (+) direction = S1 + S3
the displacement change to (-) direction = S2
total change in displacement = S1 + S3 - S2 [ to (+) side ]
the total distance completed = S1 + S2 + S 3

The velocity time graphs for different motions.

It's very easy to describe the nature of the motion using velocity time graphs.

(i). Stationary. V(ms-1)

When the object is at rest, the velocity is zero. So the graph stays on the time axis.

t(s)

(ii). Moving under uniform velocity towards the (+) direction

V(ms-1)
Since the velocity is uniform , the (+) value of the velocity is constant.
The gradient of the graph is zero. So the acceleration is zero.

 V constant
t(s)

O
'' The object which starts the motion from O moves with a certain velocity moves towards the (+) direction with that
uniform velocity"
N.B. :- It's difficult to represent the initial position of an object using V - t graphs.
(iii). Moving to the (-) direction with uniform velocity V(ms-1)

t(s)

-V
B O
'' The object starts its motion from rest at O and moves in the (-) direction with a uniform velocity"

(iv). Moving to the (+) direction with unioform acceleration.

 Since the motion is towards the (+) direction, the velocity is (+). So we use only the (+) values in the velocity
axis.
 Since there's an acceleration towards the (+) direction, the gradient of the V -t graph also must be (+).
 Since the acceleration is uniform , the (+) gradient must be constant.

(a). V(ms-1)  V (+)

O S (+) A
t(s)
" The object which starts the motion from rest moves to the
(+) direction with a uniform acceleration. "

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 23 -

(b). V(ms-1)
 V (+)

O S (+)
t(s)
" The object which starts the motion from O with a certain velocity moves
to the (+) direction with a uniform acceleration "

(v). Moving to the (+) direction with a uniform deceleration. V(ms-1)

 Since the motion is towards the (+) direction, we have to use only (+)
values in the velocity axis. u
 Since the uniform acceleration is towards the (-) direction, it can be
considered as a uniform deceleration to the (+) direction. So the
gradient of the V - t graph must be (-) t(s)
 Since the acceleration is uniform,the (-) gradient is constant.  V (+)
" The object which starts the motion with a
u  V=0
certain velocity from O, moves with a
certain uniform deceleration and comes to
rest. " O S (+) A

(vi). Motion towards the (-) direction with a uniform acceleration in the (-) direction.
 Since it moves towards the (-) direction only the (-) values of the velocity axis is used.
 Since there is a uniform acceleration in the (-) direction it can be related to a constant deceleration in the (+)
direction. Therefore the gradient of V - t graph is (-).
 Since the acceleration is uniform the gradient must be constant.

(a). V(ms-1) V(-)

O
t(s)
B O

" The motion starts from O from rest and moves in the (-) direction with a uniform acceleration"

(b). V(ms-1)

t(s) " The object starts its motion from O with a certain velocity and
moves towards the (-) direction with a uniform acceleration "

(vii). Moving in the (-) direction with uniform deceleration.

 Since it moves to the (-) direction, we can use only the (-) values in the velocity axis.
 Since the uniform deceleration is towards the (-) direction, it can be considered as a uniform acceleration to
the (+) direction. So the gradient of the V -t graph is (+).
V(ms-1)
 Since the deceleration is uniform the gradient must be constant.

V(-) t(s)

B S(-) O

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 24 -

 " Starts the motion from O with a certain velocity and moves to the (-) direction with a uniform deceleration and
comes to rest. "

NOTE #- When obtaining the above graphs, the accelerations and decelerations to (-) direction
are expressed relative to the (+) direction. When using that "gradient = acceleration" in a V - t graph, it
is essential to consider everything relative to (+) direction.
Acceleration to (-) direction = Deceleration to (+) direction V(ms-1)
Deceleration to (-) direction = Acceleration to (+) direction A
O B
t(s)

O A
C
eg : - (i)

 In this graph, there's a uniform deceleration from A to B. (The magnitude of the velocity towards the (+) direction
decreases proportionally to the axis, so it undergoes a uniform deceleration)

 B to C indicates a uniform acceleration towards the (-) direction. (Since the magnitude of the velocity
towards the (-) direction increases proportionally to time, its a uniform acceleration) But since ABC is a
straight line with the same uniform gradient.
" Acceleration to the (-) direction = Deceleration to the (+) direction"
O

(ii)  The BC portion of this graph shows a uniform acceleration towards (+)
V(ms-1)
direction.(Since the (+) velocity value increases proportionally to the time) C
 A to B represents a uniform deceleration to the (-) direction (Since the (-) O B
t(s)
velocity value decreases proportionally to the time). But since ABC is a straight
line having the same constant gradient, A

" Deceleration to (-) direction = Acceleration to (+) direction "

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 25 -

Q 07
The shape of a velocity (Vx) – time (s) graph of a certain object is as shown below. Calculate the following
using the graph.

(a)(i) The acceleration at t = 6.0

(ii) The acceleration at t = 12.0

(iii) The mean acceleration during the time period t = 5.0 s to t = 15.0 s.

(iv) The mean acceleration during the time period t = 0 to t = 20.0 s.

(v) Draw the approximate shape of the graph of the variation of displacement of the object (s) with time (t)
during the time period t = 6.0 s to t = 14.0 s.

0 5 10 15 20 t/s

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 26 -

Q 08
The shape of the velocity-time graph of a
competitor A in a 100 m marathon is drawn
taking the moment at which the starting signal
is given as t = 0.
(a)(i)What is the distance which he ran under
acceleration?
(ii) What is his time of finishing the race?
(b) After 0.2s of giving the signal, the competitor B enters the race at a velocity of 4 ms -1 and accelerates
uniformly for 3s and reaches a velocity of 12.0 ms -1 and continues to run at that velocity. And after 8.2
s of running he suffers from a muscle pain and decelerates uniformly for 0.6s and finishes the race when
the velocity is 9 ms-1.
(i) Draw the rough shape V – t graph for the motion of the racer B in the same graph in red color.
(ii) Calculate the finishing time of the racer B.

Q 09
At t = 0 two trolleys A & B start to move in opposite
directions at 0.5 ms-1 & 2 ms-1 velocities. A vertical
wall is situated 4.0 m to right from their starting
points. Considering that the velocity and
displacements to the right from the starting point is
(+), 4.0 m

(a)(i). Draw the rough shape of the displacement - time graphs for motions of A & B up to the hitting of the trolley
B with the wall.

(ii) Thereby obtain the time taken by the trolley B to reach the wall.
(iii) Just after hitting the wall B moves back with a velocity of 1.0 ms -1. Considering that the time of contact of
B with the wall is zero, draw the s-t graph of the motion of trolleys until there is a collision between A & B.
(mark the time as t1 at that point).
(iv) Using that graph calculate the value of t 1 and the distance to the wall from that point.
(b) Draw the velocity time graphs of A & B up to time t 1 above.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 27 -

Q 10
A pushing force is applied to the disk D of a carom board to start its motion at a velocity of 2 ms -1 so that
it strikes the front wall. Then it moves in a straight path until coming in to rest. The velocity – time graph
for that motion is as follows. Answer the following questions using the graph.

(a)(i)The distance to the front edge from the starting point

(ii) The gap between two parallel edges of it

(iii) The distance between the starting point and the point which it stops finally.

(b) Take the starting point of the disk as zero displacement point and the displacements to the starting
direction as (+), draw the displacement time graph until it stops. Mark the displacements calculated on
– axis.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 28 -

Q 11
(a) Write down the equations of linear motion and define the terms.

(b) What's the physical quantity represented by the gradient of a displacement - time graph?

(c) A passenger intends to board a train by running at his maximum speed of 8ms-1. The closest door which
he can enter is at a distance of d and the train starts the motion from rest and moves away with an
acceleration of 1ms-2.

U=0
8 ms-1 a = 1 ms-2

(i). By considering the time taken by the passenger to get into the train as t o, if the passenger runs towards
the train with his maximum speed just as the train starts to move, write an expression for the distance
travelled ('S' m) by the passenger during that time.

(ii) Write down an expression for the distance completed by the train in that time period.

(iii) Obtain a relationship between d and t0.

(iv) If d = 30m, find the value of t0.

(d) According to the answers given in (C), explain the ability/inability for the passenger to board the train.

(e). (i) Draw the s-t graph for the motion of the train considering
S
the instance at which the train starts the motion as t = 0
and the point from which it starts as the zero displacement
position. (Name it as A.)
(ii) Considering that the passenger runs with his maximum
velocity of 8ms-1 at that moment, draw the displacement-
time graphs for several values of 'd'. (Name those as d1 , d2 t
, d3 , d4 ...)
(iii) What's the most suitable graph for the passenger to the
instance of d = 30 m out of the graphs drawn for the
motion for the passenger.
(f). (i). If the maximum value of d which the passenger has the chance to board is known as the "critical
separation distance"(dc), draw the graph of the passenger which is suitable for d c value.

(ii) What's the speed of the train when the passenger gets on to the train at d c instance?

(iii) What's the time taken by the train to attain that speed.

(iv) Find the value of 'dc' using that.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 29 -

Q 12
The acceleration (ax) – time (t) graph of a particle starting from rest is as shown below.

Answer the following questions using the graph given.

(a) The velocity of the particle at t = 10.0 s.

(b) The velocity of the particle at t = 20.0 s

(c) Considering the object moves from t = 10.0 s and t = 15.0 s with the velocity obtained at t = 10 s; Draw the
approximate shape of thevelocity (v x) – time (t) graph of the object during that time period.

(Vx)

5 10 15 20 t

(d) What is the distance it travelled during the time period t = 0 to t = 20 s.

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 30 -

 Graphs of motion
Multiple Choice Questions

1' Figure shows the graph of variation of velocity (V) with time (t) of a object, V
P
(A). Acceleration is zero at P.
(B). Direction of acceleration change at Q.
(C). Motion between P and Q is a deceleration. Q t
The true statement(s) out of the above is/are,
R
(1). A and B only (2). A only (3). All of the above
(4). A and C only (5). None of the above
V
2' The velocity - time graph of an object is shown in the figure. The
corresponding displacement - time graph will be,

S S S

t1 t2 t

0 t 0 t 0 t
(1) (2) (3)
S S

0 t 0 t
(4) (5)

V
3' The following graph represents the variation of the velocity of an object
with the time. When the displacement corresponding to the t = 0 instance
is considered to be zero, the rough shape of the relevant displacement
t3
(S) - time (t) graph will be,
t1 t2 t
S S

t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t

(1) (2)
S S S

t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t

(3) (4) (5)

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 31 -

4. An object moves in uniform velocity of 10 ms-1 for 5 seconds starting from rest. The it turns back and move
in the same speed for 8 second. After that it turns back and moves in a uniform velocity at 8 ms -1 for 5
seconds. Which one of the following S - t graphs is correct for the complete motion.

S S S S S

20 15 20
5 10 15 20 t 5 10 15 20 t 5 10 15 20 t 5 10 15 t 5 10 t

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

V C
5. The maximum rate of change of velocity in the given ve- B
locity time graph is at,
(1) AB (2) BC A
D
t
(3) CD (4) EF
(5) Cannot be stated precisely without knowing the values. E F

6. The variation of displacement (S) and time (t) (Along a straight S/m
6
path) of two vehicles A and B are shown. The distance be- B
tween the two vehicles at t = 12 s is,
0
(1) 12 m (2) 10 m (3) 9 m 4 8 12 t/s
(4) 8 m (5) 4 m A

7. If the velocity - time graph of an object is as shown, which of V

the following graphs is the corresponding displacement - time +1
graph.

S S 0
1 2 t

2 1 2
0 0 -1
1 t t

(1) (2)

S S S

1
0 0 0
1 2 t 1 2 t 2 t

(3) (4) (5)

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 32 -

 S/m
8. The displacement - time graphs of three objects X , Y , Z X
are as shown in the diagram. Given below are 3 state- Y
ments about the above motion.
(A) Velocity of X and Y will be equal between 2nd and 3rd sec- Z
onds.
(B) Velocity of Y and Z will be equal in the 3rd second.
(C) The velocity of X will be greater then the velocity of Y and
Z at t = 4.
The true statement(s) out of the above is/are,
(1) A and B only (2) B and C only
(3) A and C only (4) All of the above t/s
1 2 3 4 5
(5) None of the above

9' The S - t graph of an object is as shown which of the following is the corre- S
sponding velocity - time (V - t) graph.

V V V V V
t

t t t t t

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

10. The displacement-time graph of an object is as shown in the figure.

S
select the answer which shown the correct variation of the acceleration D
between OA , AB , BC and CD,
OA AB BC CD
1). (-) 0 (+) 0 A C
2). (+) 0 (+) (+) B
3). (-) 0 (-) 0
4). (+) 0 (-) (-) t
O
5). (+) 0 (+) (+)
V
11. The velocity - time graph of an object is shown in the fig- R
ure. Three statements about the above motion is given be- S
low. Q
(A) Acceleration is maximum at P and T. P T u t
(B) The motion is a deceleration to the initial direction from S to T.
(C) The direction of the motion at S and U are the same. v
The true statement(s) out of the above is/are,
(1). A and B only (2) B and C only (3) B only
(4). None of the above (5) C only
S
12. Figure shows the S - t graph of an object. The corresponding V - t graph
would be,

V V V V V

t t t t t

(1). (2). (3). (4). (5).

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 33 -
13. Consider the following positions of vehicles at t = 0 and t = T. The time 'T' spent is known as the minimum
time to pass the lorry. If length of lorry 17 m and that of car is 3 m and their V - t graphs are as given the
T equal to,
V/ms-1

t = T 26
t = 0 § Lorry Lorry
Car
Car Car
10
Lorry
t/S
T

1). 0.8 S 2). 1.2 S 3). 2.5 S 4). 2.8 S 5). 3.0 S
V
14. The corresponding S-t graph of the given V-t graph would be,

S S S S S

t t t t t
(1). (2). (3). (4). (5).

15. The figure on the right shows the shape of the V - t graph of an object. The
corresponding S - t graph will be,
t

S S S S S

t t t t t

(1). (2). (3). (4). (5).

s/km
16. Figure on right shows the displacement - time graph of an
object. The time intervals in which the object passes positive
acceleration are, 4
(1) 0, 20 , 38 , 60 (2) 5, 12 , 29 and 35
(3) 5 , 29 and 47 (4) 12 , 35 and 41 2
(5) Always between 0 and 60

o 20 40 60 t/s
V
17' V - t graph of a duck flying otf South during winter is shown
B
in the figure. In which of the following positions does the
duck stop its motion?
(1). A (2). B
(3). C (4). D C
A
(5). None of the above
D
t
ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 34 -
 Displacement (S)
18' Displacement - time graph of an object is shown below. Out of
D
the shown five places the point which has the highest velocity will
be,
C E
(1) A (2) B (3) C
(4) D (5) E A B

Time (t)

19. The velocity-time graph of an object is shown in the figure. The V/ms -1

object is at the origin in the start of the motion. The displacement- 3

time graph corresponding to the above motion is,
S S 2
0 4 6 t/s

-2
0 2 4 6 t/s 0 2 4 6 t/s

(1) (2)
S S S

0 2 4 6 t/s 0 2 4 6 t/s 0 2 4 6 t/s

(3) (4) (5)

20. A motor car is moving at uniform speed from t = t1 to t = t2. The driver sees the green light changing to
orange at t = t2 and starts to decelerate gradually. Since the red light did not glow he continues his motion
from t = t3 by accelerating. The corresponding S-t graph will be,

S S S S S

t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t t1 t2 t3 t

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Graphs of motion
Multiple Choice Questions
01 - 4 02 - 2 03 - 5 04 - 5 05 - 3
06 - 3 07 - 3 08 - 3 09 - 4 10 - 1
11 - 3 12 - 4 13 - 3 14 - 1 15 - 3
16 - 3 17 - 4 18 - 3 19 - 4 20 - 1

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 35 -

ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 36 -
ADVANCED LEVEL - PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA - 37 -