PPT #3 – UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
DNA in the content of the immune system
WHAT SCIENCE SAYS ABOUT THE SELF
Natural and social sciences encompass a
number of disciplines that have deliberated
on and explained the concept and nature of
the self, such discourse will be tackled in
this section.
Scientific Perspective of the Self
Scientific approaches to the study of the self
are classified into two:
1. Physical Science
2. Social Science
The former focuses on biological factors that
make up the human body the underlaying
growth and maturational mechanism and
environmental influence that contribute to
human development.
Social Sciences are concerned with
institutions, cultures, and the interpersonal
relationships of people living within society.
Biological and Physiological Science
From the biological perspective, scientist
and doctors explain how genes from both
parents contribute to the characteristics of
their offspring through genetic. No
individuals share the exact same of DNA.
Neurophilosophy
Attributed to Paul and Patricia Churchland is
concerned with the association of the brain
and the mind in order to understand the
workings of the human mind. People must
first understand the brain, its function s and
wave activity.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Describes the shaping of the self as similar
to how the human immune system function.
The human body is made up of nucleotides,
the composition of which makes up the
the human bodies “reject” harmful foreign
matter and builds up on the existing
molecules leading healthy bodily system.in
the context of the self, individuals capitalize
on their innate attitudes and are likely to
reject environmental factors assumed to be
harmful to the body and its well-being.
In discovering oneself a person is likely to
imbibe external experiences that are seen to
be helpful and reject those he or she not like
or derive pleasure from. Natural science is a
foundation of information in understanding
oneself, especially in the fields of biology,
medicine, cognitive neuroscience and even
chemistry. However, the journey to effective
social factors in development.
Social Science
While physical science tries to understand
the physical nature of the people, social
science are concerned with human
functioning in the context of society and
social institution, psychology sociology,
anthropology, politics and economics are
some of the social science that have
contributed to the study of the self.
Psychology
Defined as the study of human behavior sees
the self as theoretical construct. In fact, the
development of the so-called ‘Science of
self’ roots from various theories and
principle. The term self has been used as an
object of several psychological construct Ex.
Self awareness, self-construal, and self
esteem, self efficacy. And self regulation
such usage of the term does not only
indicate an acceptance of its existence.
Sociological Perspective
The Self as product of Society
Sociology
is a study of social groups and human
relationships.
In 1902, sociologist Charles Horton Cooley
introduced the looking-glass self to highlight
that the people whom a person interacts, self
identity or self-image is achieved through a
threefold event that begins by conceiving an
idea of how a person presents himself or
herself to others.
George Herbert Mead
imitate the people around them, especially
family members with whom they have daily
interaction, they copy behavior without
understanding underlying intention, so at
this stage they have no sense of self , during
this stage , children are just preparing for the
role.
Preparatory Stage
0 to 3 years old
Children imitate the people around them,
especially family members with whom they
have daily interaction, they copy behavior
without understanding underlying intention,
so at this stage they have no sense of self,
during this stage, children are just preparing
for the role.
Play Stage
3 to 5 years old
Children start to view themselves in relation
to other as they learn to communicate
through language and other symbols, at this
stage, role-taking is exhibited; however,
children do not perceive role-taking as
something expected of them. The self
emerges as children pretend to take the roles
of specific people or significant others, those
individuals who are important agents of
socialization, at this stage the self is
developing.
Game Stage
Begins in early school year
Children understand not only their own
social position but also those of others
around them. At this stage children become
concerned about and take into account in
their behavior.
PE
Physical Education
- Is an integral part of the education
program.
- It is designed to promote the optimum
development of the individual.
Objectives of Physical Education
Physical development- is the growth and
development of both the brain and body in
infancy and early childhood.
- Physical development is the growth and
development of both brain and body and
involves developing control of muscle and
physical coordination
Mental development- is the progressive
changes in mental processes due to
maturation, learning, and experience
Social development - is about improving the
well-being of every individual in the society
so they can reach their full potential.
The success of society is linked to the well-
being of each and every citizen.
Emotional development - It refers to the
ability to recognize, express, and manage
feelings at different stages of life and to
have empathy for the feelings of other.
A. The state shall promote physical Stress reduction
education and encourage sports programs,
Components of Physical Fitness
league competitions and amateur sports,
Endurance
including training for international was
Strength
stated in Article XIV, Section 19 of 1987
Power
Philippine Constitution.
Flexibility
Agility
A. Article 1 of International Charter of PE
Balance
& Sports states that the practice of physical
Speed
education and sports is a fundamental right
for all. Physical fitness battery test

A. Aristotle: defined Education as Education Curl-up

is the reaction of sound mind in a sound Flexed arm hang
body…… it develops man’s faculty Sit and reach
especially his mind so that he may be able to 3-minute step test
enjoy the contemplation of truth, goodness, Standing long jump
and beauty of which perfect happiness Warm-up exercise
essentially consist.
Jog in place
A. Herodutos: Recognized the use of Head bending
physical education as an acid to medicine as Head rotation
early as the fifth century Arm circling
Trunk rotation
Aristotle: was a Greek Philosopher Knee rotation
and polymath during the classical period of Ankle rotation
ancient Greece. Leg swings
Jumping jacks
Herodutos: was an ancient Greek
historian.

Health Benefits of Physical Education

Reduced risk of heart disease
Improved physical fitness
Stronger bones
Weight regulation
Health promotion
Improved judgment
Self-discipline
Skill development
Experience setting goals
Improved self-confidence and self-esteem