Interior Material And Surfaces

Ar. Khizra Shahzad

Ar. Ayesha Rafi
Natural Materials & Synthetic Materials
• technical function

• practical function

• aesthetic function

• concrete and cement based materials,

• stone
• glass,
• Ceramics
• tiles
• woods---- wood composites and veneers,
• plaster and plaster composites,
• metals--- iron, copper, steel, aluminium,
• synthetics,
• plastics, rubber, linoleum, resins,
• fabrics ----leather and suede,
• wall and window finishes,
• paints, varnishes
• lacquers
Wood & Wood Composites

• Hard Wood
• Soft Wood
• Plywood
• Laminated wood
• Cork
• MDF
• Hardboard
• hardwoods are more likely to be • Softwoods are found in building
found in high-quality furniture, components e.g., windows,
decks, flooring, and construction doors, furniture, medium-
that needs to last. Used in density fibreboard (MDF),
fixtures such as stair tread, paper, Christmas trees, use to
doors. Available in laminated make balustrade or composite
veneers and sheets block boards for bookshelves
or panelling. Pines are one of
• Lumber is stronger, denser and the most commonly used
homogeneous. softwoods.

• Good in fire resistance • Poor in fire resistance

• Cost is high • Low in cost

Plywood

• Made from sheets of cross laminated wood veneer with resin adhesive under heat

• Light weight

• Stable against moisture

• Marine ply/water and boil proof

WBP are water resistance

• Flexible plywood can curved

in one direction

• Used in structural, decking ,

framing ,panelling ,shelving ,
furniture , doors
Used in kitchen counters
Laminated butchers block
•Narrow and uniform strips of hardwood (4 cm) glues together to form thick heavy
sheet i.e blutchers block

• extreme dense , durable and unlikely to warp , hard wearing and luxurious

• Used as solid wooden counters or for kitchen backsplashes, table tops

• oiling and varnish is required for durability.

Cork oaks

•Cork is tree’s bark , harvested and used in raw form , have honeycomb texture , a fine
elastic structure of tiny air pockets.

• versatile , durable , lightweight , soft , warm

• resistant to high temperatures , moulds easily into various shapes
• high acoustic and insulation value
• does not absorb dust , resilient to water
• Low in cost

•light weight , strong in tension , hard , brittle , available indifferent colours and
textures , easy to clean with cleansers

• Used in heatproof table mats , flooring , floor tiles in bathroom areas , panelling
 MDF – Medium density fibreboard
• Pressured and heat bonded Fine wood fibres adhered to flat , rigid , knot free sheet.

• Smooth surface good for veneers , laminates , paint work , cost effective

• highly dense and heavy , susceptible to moisture - swelled and break down

• Used frameworks and cabinets as wall panelling

 IRON , FORGED & WROUGHT MILD STEEL COPPER
Metals

ALUMINIUM WOVEN SHEET STAINLESS STEEL

GOLD LEAF ZINC GOLD LEAF

 Iron
• Cast iron – strong in compression , but brittle and rigid
• uses are in structural element , columns , beams ,
spiral staircases , outdoor furniture

• wrought iron – strong in tension

can be easily pulled , twisted , hammered ,
stretched.
• uses are limited to decorative applications and
outdoor garden furniture

• corrugated iron -- corrugation give iron sheet strength

• used in temporary structures , agricultural buildings
, cladding.
• coating is required because iron is prone to rusting when used
outdoors.
• Coating is done by metal paints and lacquers.
 • Iron furniture is built to last.
• Heavy and solid furniture.

• Heavy frames
• Smooth welds
• Thick, even paint
• Protective caps at the bottoms of legs
•Mesh wrought iron: little flex and clean
edges where mesh meets frame

• Ideal for outdoor furniture's

 Copper-Metal-Pipes-
Home-Designing

•Copper surface kills pathogenic microbes ,

therefore it is used for public health benefits.

• Copper countertops , sinks , handles ,

doorknob , faucet , furniture.
 Gold leaf – finish of real gold
•either made from pure gold or mixture of cheaper
materials
• very thin to almost see through

•used as finishing layer , varnish is used in outdoor

conditions and in heavy wear

• used to cover repairs and joints , as a decorative

element in furniture's , walls

•Very high in cost.

Decorative purposes
 STAINED GLASS TEXTURED GLASS LAMINATED GLASS

ANNEALED GLASS PATTERNED GLASS GLASS BLOCK

Glass

TOUGHENED GLASS 19 MM THK FLOAT GLASS DECORATIVE GLASS

Toughened glass (tempered glass)
Toughened or tempered glass is glass that has been processed by controlled
thermal or chemical treatments.

It has increased strength compared with normal glass and will usually shatter
into small fragments, rather than sharp shards, when broken.
•The use for laminated glass ranges from entrance doors and glass floors to
aquariums and display cases

•Tempered glass is almost 5 to 10 times stronger when compared to its

untempered counterpart. One very noticeable quality of this type is that it
breaks down into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards.

•tempered glass can take a higher load and deflects further before breaking.
However once the glass is toughened it cannot be reworked.
•Polishing and drilling holes into the glass needs to be done pre-toughening.

•Ground level doors and windows made from laminated glass are a safe bet.
This is also the most susceptible area when it comes to breaking and entering.
Coloured glass
patterned glass
STONE - GRANITE

Granite textures Polished granite

• FLOOR TILES : 300MM OR 400 MM

SQUARE TO 900X600MM

• 10 , 15 , 20 MM THICKNESS.

Solid slabs
GRANITE
• GRANULAR APPEARANCE
• HIGH IN COST
• POLISHED TO SMOOTH FINISH

Granite stone steps

MARBLE
• Sparkling white form
• Softer than granite and slate.

• Heatproof – but get damage from acids and stained .

• Sealant is required for high traffic areas.

Marble wall
cladding surround
baths
MARBLE

•FLOOR TILES : 300MM OR

400 MM SQUARE TO
900X600MM

• 10 , 15 , 20 MM THICKNESS.

Marble wall cladding

Slate
• Heat , water and acid resistant
• Suitable for high traffic areas
• Medium in cost

Slates texture and slate

flooring
Slate

Slate wall cladding

SANDSTONE
•floor tiles : 305 or 400 mm (12 or 16 in)
square , to 900x600 mm ( 36x24 in )

•10 , 15 , 20 mm thickness

• Mostly used in flooring

Terracotta tiles --

• Format available is
square

• Under floor heating

•Sealed with linseed

oil or wax
Ceramic tiles --
•Huge range of colour , texture ,
patterns , shape , size

•Square , oblong , hexagon ,

regular and irregular blocksfrom
12mm sqaure to 300x300 mm
Ceramic tiles --
Mosaic tiles -- • Smallest tile among all tiles
LED TILES
• LED modules insets into ceramic tiles

• Decorative lighting
Any Questions?