CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY II
DQS182

FLOOR
FINISHES

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INTRODUCTION
• Usually applied to a structured base but may
form part of the floor structure e.g: floor
boards
• Comprises of :
– Screed/adhesive for surface tiles and skirting
– Sealer for natural stones
• Types of floor finishes to be used depend on
factors;
– Type of base
– Room usage
– Degree of comfort required
– Maintenance problems
– Cost
– Appearance,
– Safety
– Individual preference Tile Sealing works to keep any liquid on the
surface, preventing it from absorbing
immediately
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 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE
SELECTION OF FINISHES

• Aesthetic value/Appearance
- More attractive e.g: carpet, timber flooring
• Cost
- materials and maintenance cost
• High resistance/Durability
- high usage area such as kitchen or toilet.
• Hygiene
- easy to clean e.g: tiles, PVC sheet

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
• In situ Floor Finishes
• Those finishes that are mixed on site, laid
in a fluid state, allowed to dry, and set to
form a hard jointless surface

• Applied Floor Finishes

• Those finishes that are supplied in tile or
sheet form and laid onto a suitably
prepared base

• Timber Floor Finishes

• Boards, sheets and blocks of timber laid
attached to a suitable structural base

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - IN SITU FLOOR FINISHES
CEMENT RENDER

• Trowelled finish
– Used ratio (1:3) cement and sand mix
– Thickness 10mm-25mm thick
– Carried out whilst the concrete is still
plastic
– For light to medium duty usage e.g: low
cost houses, garage, store

• Power float finish

– Vacuum dewatering used to shorten time
delay between tamping and power floating
– Suitable for slabs up to 300mm thick
– Forces out surplus water by compressing
the slab
– Usually for large areas e.g: basement,
carpark

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - IN SITU FLOOR FINISHES

TROWELLED FINISH

POWER FLOAT FINISH 6

TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - IN SITU FLOOR FINISHES

FLOOR HARDENER

• Cement and sand mix with hardener

• Available in colours

• Hard surface – suitable for heavy duty

traffic
e.g: carpark, factory, pedestrian

• Concrete imprint – texture on concrete

surface by using stamping and pressure

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - IN SITU FLOOR FINISHES
FLOOR HARDENER

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- IN SITU FLOOR FINISHES
CONCRETE IMPRINT

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
• Laid with cement and sand (1:3)
screed
• Thickness – laid on 12-19mm
thick screed
CARPET
• Materials – nylon, acrylics and
wool
• Available in various pattern,
colour,qualities and sizes
• Obtain maximum life – should
be laid over an underlay of felt
or latex
• Secured by adhesives, nailing
around the perimeter and
attached to special edge-fixing
strips
• Supplied in rolls or tiles
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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES

UNDERLAY

ADHESIVE
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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
QUARRY TILES

• Made from ordinary or unrefined clays

worked into a plastic form, pressed into
shape and hard burnt
• 3 method of laying;
– Bed tiles
– Thick bed method
– Special cement-based adhesives
• Expansion joint used at the perimeter to
avoid expansion
• Good resistance to water, and cold
• Size 100mm x 100mm x 20mm
thick,225mm x 225mm x 32mm thick

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES - APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
CERAMIC TILES
• From refined natural clays which are
pressed after grinding, tempered into
desired shape before being fired at high
temperature
• Light to medium duty usage
• Easy to clean and high resistance to
dampness penetration
• Type range – glazed, unglazed, anti-slip
• Suitable for normal domestic use
– E.g: kitchen, bedroom, living, dining
and toilet
• Product in square tiles in sizes 50mm x
50mm to 300mm x 300mm

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES

CeramicTile
-Used at bathroom floors, wall decorations

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
HOMOGENEOUS TILES

• Have a pigment added into the body

before fire in high temperature
• Heavy duty usage
• Durable, water absorption rate of less
than 0.1%
• Suitable for normal domestic use
– E.g: kitchen, bedroom, living, dining
and toilet
• Product in square tiles in sizes 60mm x
60mm to 600mm x 600mm

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES

Polished Homogeneous Tile Rough Homogeneous Tile

-Used at living, dining, bedroom - used at toilet, kitchen
area

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
OTHERS MOSAIC TILES

- Size : 25mm – 100mm square

-From ceramic or porcelain

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES
OTHERS
NATURAL STONES TILES

Marble Tiles Granite Tiles Pebble Wash

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES
PARQUET

• Made from specially selected

hardwood chosen mainly for
their decorative appearance
• Suitable for living room,
bedroom
• High sound and water
absorption
• Not be used for open spaces
• Fixing – by adhesive or secret
nailing

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES
LAMINATE TIMBER FLOORING

• Achieved with tongue and groove

interlocking composite strip floor
system
• Strip size – 1200mm long, 20-
60mm width and thickness 10-
15mm
• Some system are glued along
tongue and groove and others
simply snap-lock together
• Components of fixing;
– Underlay – damp proof plastic
foil
– Sublayer – structural concrete
or screed
– Movement – 8-10mm expansion
gap (room edge)

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TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES

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 TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES
- TIMBER FLOOR FINISHES
TIMBER FLOORING
Tongue & Groove

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THANK YOU
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