PLASTERING

Plastering
• Process of covering rough walls and uneven
surfaces of a building with a plastic material to
form a durable surface.
• This plastic material is made by mixing together
cement or lime, fine aggregates and water.
• Additives are added to improve the adhesiveness,
water proof, termite resistance
 Objectives of plastering

• Provide an even,smooth,regular, clean and durable

finished surface
• Protect the surface from the effects of atmospheric
agencies
• Conceals the defective workmanship
• Covers up the use of inferior quality materials and
joints
• Provides satisfactory base for white washing, color
washing
 Characteristic of good plastering
• Should be fire resistant, sound proof and weather proof.
• Should provide a smooth, non-absorbent and washable surface

• Should adhere to the surface firmly

• Should be hard and durable.
• Should be free from volumetric changes while setting and
drying
• Should prevent prevention of moisture.
• Should possess good workability.
 Tools for plastering
• Gauging trowel- used for applying mortars on walls, mouldings,
corners etc.
• Float- used to spread mortar on surface and also f finishing.
• Floating rule- to check the level plastered surface.
• Plumb bob- to ascertain the verticality of plastered surface
• Miscellaneous tools- Brushes, spirit level, set squares, straight
edges.etc.
 Types of Plastering

 Depending upon the binding material

• Cement Plastering
• Mud Plastering

• Lime Plastering

• Gypsum plastering
• Waterproof Plastering
• Cement plastering
Cement plastering

• Grey powder Portland cement is mixed with water by the ratio of

1cement to 3 or 4 clean washed sand by volume as an under coat for
hard background. Eg: brick block walls and partitions.
• Mixture of sand and cement might be plastic and require
experienced and skill labor therefore plasticizer or lime is added to
the mixture usually by volume ratio of 1cement:0.25 lime: 3 sand or
1 cement to 4 sand with plasticizer.
• Plasticizer is a liquid that added to the mixture to ease plaster
spreading over the surface.
• Mud plastering
Lime plastering
Lime plastering
• Lime mixture consists of sand and line that are mixed by 1 sand to 3
of lime by volume.
• Not only this mixture is used for under coat but also used as finish
coat.
• Lime plaster might be shrink after drying so animal hair of about 5
Kg is used for 1 m2 to avoid lime plaster cracking and shrinking.
• Lime plaster could be used for ancient structure restoration and
rehabilitation.
 Gypsum Plastering
• Gypsum plaster is widely used plaster materials that could be mined
naturally or produced as a by-product.
• So, important gypsum plaster that is employed as under coat, finish
coat, and replaced lime and cement broadly.
• Moreover, small expansion of gypsum is considered significant
propertied that prevent shrinkages and cracks.
• There are various types of gypsum plaster that are produced by
heating gypsum to a specific degree for example anhydrous gypsum
manufactured by heating gypsum up to 170 Co, hemihydrates
gypsum produced by heating gypsum more than 170 Co.
• Furthermore, depending on applications for walls or ceilings
gypsum plasters can be categorized such as casting, undercoat,
finish, one coat and machine applied plaster.
Water proof plastering
 Procedure for cement plastering
• The first coat of plaster(rendering coat) is now
applied with a thickness of 9-10mm.
• To maintain uniform thickness screeds are formed
on the wall surface by fixing dots.
• Fixing a dot (means a small level plastered area)
of size 150 x 150mm.
• Another dot is placed vertically below this using a
plumb bob.
• Second coat(floating coat) is applied after 6
hours and thickness of second coat is about 6-
9mm.
• Dots may again be formed and materials laid
in a similar manner.
• The surface is polished with a trowel.
• The third coat(finishing coat) if required is
applied as similar to second coat with
maximum thickness of 3mm
• The completed plaster is allowed to rest
for 24hours and it is well watered for
atleast one week.
• Slow setting under higher humidity
improves the strength of plaster.
 Defects in Plastering
• Cracks-appears on the
plastered surface in the form
of thin lines or wider cracks
• Due to shrinkage of thick
plaster or poor workmanship
• Prevented by proper curing
-10 days and keeping
thickness of plaster uniform
(<15mm)
• Efflorescence- due to soluble salts present
in the brick or mortar
• Avoided by washing the surface with zinc
sulphate solution and water
• Falling out of plaster- due to inadequate water
bondage, water absorption by dry wall
• Avoided by proper cleaning of joints and proper
washing of surface of wall
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