TIMBER

NAME :- YASH.H.SUTHAR
TYPES OF TIMBER
• NATURAL TIMBER :- Naturally Growing Timber
• ENGINEERED TIMBER :- These Wood products are manufactured to
economize the use of timbers. As these have
desired shape and dimensions, appearance,
strength and durability
NATURAL TIMBER
• BAMBOO • PALM
• BANYAN • PINE
• DEODAR • ROSEWOOD
• COCNUT • SAL
• OAK • SANDALWOOD
• MULBERRY • TEAK
• MAHAGONY • TAMARIND
BAMBOO
• BAMBOO IS VERY STRONG AND DURABLE.
• BAMBOO IS BOTH FLEXIBLE AND ELASTIC.
• BAMBOO CAN PRIVENT POLLUTION.
• USES: VENEER, PAPER, FLOORING, FISHING
RODS, LADDERS, SCAFFOLDING, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
(FLUTES/WOODWINDS/CHIMES), FURNITURE, WINDOW
BLINDS, CARVING, TURNED ITEMS, AND SMALL NOVELTY
ITEMS.
• LOCATION- IN INDIA, THEY ARE FOUND GROWING
NATURALLY IN ALMOST ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY
EXCEPT KASHMIR. INDIA- ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ASSAM,
MANIPUR, MEGHALAYA, MIZORAM, NAGALAND, SIKKIM,
TRIPURA AND WEST BENGAL.
BANYAN
CHARACTERISTICS:
• GROW UP TO 30 METERES IN HIGHT
• ROOTS CAN SPREAD OVER SERVAL ACRES
• LARGE, LEATHERY ,GLOSSY, GREEN, LEAVES
• YOUNGER LEAVES SPORT A RED TINGE
• AERIAL PROP ROOTS .
• DECIDUOUS
DEODAR
CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT IS A LARGE EVERGREEN CONIFEROUS TREE REACHING
40–50 M (131–164 FT) TALL, EXCEPTIONALLY 60 M (197
FT) WITH A TRUNK UP TO 3 M (10 FT) IN DIAMETER.
• IT HAS A CONIC CROWN WITH LEVEL BRANCHES AND
DROOPING BRANCHLETS
USES:THE TIMBER OF DEODAR TREE IS USED AS
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR ITS DURABILITY.
• BOAT HOUSES OF SRINAGAR, KASHMIR ARE BUILT USING
THIS WOOD.
• LOCATION:WESTERN HIMALAYAS FROM GANDAKI RIVER
IN CENTRAL NEPAL TO HINDUKUSH MOUNTAIN RANGE IN
AFGHANISTAN.
MAHOGANY
CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT TAKES A GOOD POLISH .
• IT IS EASY TO WORK.
• IT IS DURABLE UNDER WATER.
USES:
• IT IS USED FOR FURNITURE, PATTERN,
MAKING,CABINET WORK, ORNAMENTAL PANELLING,
FANCY GOODS,ETC.
COLOR:MAHOGANY IS A SHINING REDDISH-BROWN
COLOR.
MULBERRY
• CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT IS STRONG, TOUGH, AND ELASTIC.
• IT TAKES UP A CLEAN FINISH.
• IT CAN BE WELL SEASONED
• IT IS TURNED AND CARVED EASILY.
• COLOUR: ITS COLUR IS BROWN
• LOCATION:KARNATAKA, ANDHRA PRADESH AND
TAMIL NADU STATES.
PALMS
• CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT IS STRONG AND DURABLE.
• IT IS FIBROUS.
• IT COUNTAIN RIPE WOOD IN THE OUTER CRUST.
• COLOUR: DARK BROWN .
• LOCATION: IT IS FOUNDEPARTICALLY ALL OVER INDIA.
• USES: FURNITURE, ROOF COVERING, RAFTERS,
JOISTS, ETC,.
OAK
CHARACTERISTICS:
• It is strong and durable
• It possesses straight silvery grains.
• It is weight at 12 per cent moisture content is
8650N/m cube.
Uses: preparing the sport goods.
ROSEWOOD
• IT IS STRONG, TOUGH &CLOSE GRAINED
• IT IS HANDSOME AND IT TAKES UP A HIGH POLISH.
• USES: FURNITURE, DOOR PANELS, PILES,RAILWAY
SLEEPERS, BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, ETC,.
• COLOUR: IT IS DARK IN COLOUR.
• LOCATION:IT IS FOUND IN KERALA, MAHARASHTRA,
MADHYA PRADESH , MADRAS AND ORISSA.
SAL
CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT IS HARD, FIBEROUS, AND CLOSE GRAINED.
• IT IS DURABLE UNDER GROUND AND WATER.
• IT DOES NOT TAKE UP A GOOD POLISH .
LOCATION: IT IS FOUND IN ANDHRA PRADESH,
MAHARASTRA,UTTAR PRADESH,,BIHAR,MADHYA
PRADESH ,ORISSA.
COLOUR: BROWN
USES: RAILWAY SLEEPERS,WAGONS, SHIP BULDING,
BRIDGES, STRUCTURAL WORK, ETC.
THE SAL POLES ARE USED AS THE FOUNDATION
PILES.
SANDALWOOD
• It gives out pleasant smell
• Its weight after seasoning is about 9300 N/mq
• It is found in Assam, Nagpur, and Bengal.
• Color: white or red.
• Uses: agricultural Instruments,wheels,boxes etc.,.
TAMARIND
• IT COLOUR IS DARK BROWN
• IT IS KNOTTY AND DURABLE.
• ITS WEIGHT AFTER SEASONING IS ABOUT 12.80
KN/MQ .
• IT IS BEAUTIFUL TREE FOR GARDENS.
• ITS DEVELOPMENT IS VERY SLOW.
• FRUITS ARE ALSO VERY USEFUL.
• IT IS FOUND PRACTICALLY ALL OVER INDIA.
• IT IS USED FOR AGRICULTURE INSTRUMENTS, SUGAR
MILLS ,CARTS, BRICK,MOULDING,ETC,.
TEAK
• ITS COLOUR IS DEEP YELLOW TO DARK BROWN.
• IT IS MODERATELY HARD.
• IT IS DURABLE AND FIRE RESISTANT.
• IT CAN BE EASILY SEASONED AND WORKED
• IT TAKES UP A GOOD POLISH
• IT IS NOT ATTACKED BY WHITE ANTS AND DRY ROT.
• ITS WEIGHT AFTER SEASONING AT 12 PER CENT
MOISTURE CONTENT IS 6250 N/M Q
• IT IS FOUND IN CENTRAL INDIA AND SOUTHERN INDIA,
• IT IS USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION , RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, FLOORING, STRUCTURAL WORK, FURNITURE,
PILES ETC.
PINE
CHARACTERISTICS:
• IT IS HARD AND TOUGH EXCEPT WHITE PINE WHICH IS
SOFT.
• IT DECAAY EASILY , IF IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH SOIL.
• IT IS HEAVY AND COARSE- GRAINED.
• THE WHITE PINE IS LIGHT AND STRAIGHT GRAINED.
USES:PATTERN MAKING ,FRAMES FOR DOORS AND
WINDOWS, PAVIN MATERIAL,ETC.
• THE WHITE PINE IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MATCHES.
COLOR: MOST COMMONLY REDDISH BROWN IN
COLOR.BUT CAN BE GRAY OR BLACK DEPENDING ON THE
SPECIES.
ENGINEERED TIMBER
• VENNERS
• LAMINATES
• PLYWOOD
• FIBER BOARDS
• BLOCK BOARDS
• HARD BOARDS
• PARTICLE BOARDS
Manufacturing of plywood:-
• The manufacture of softwood or hardwood plywood
consists of nine main processes: log storage, log
debarking and bucking, heating the logs, peeling the
logs into veneers, drying the veneers, gluing the
veneers together, pressing the veneers in a hot
press, plywood cutting, and other finishing processes
such as sanding.
PLYWOOD
Plywood is very widely used in construction. This is
because it has many useful properties that are
suitable for construction(High strength and
stability. High resistance to impact. Resistance to
water, chemicals, fire, and heat. Flexibility in shape,
size and thickness makes it fit for every requirement )
.Plywood is a factory produced material that has
precise dimensions made from three or four sheets of
wood. These sheets are glued together to form a
thicker sheet.
Advantage of plywood:-
• It has very good strength and durability compared to Medium
Density Fibreboard (MDF).
• It is available in different thicknesses ranges from 6mm to 32mm.
• Plywood usually made out of different wood species.
• It is less susceptible to water damage than MDF.
• It can be easily polished or painted.
• It can provide smooth surface for laminate or veneer to stick on.
• It can hold screws well.
• It can be cut in any shapes.
• It is resistive to shrinking, warping, twisting and cracking.
• It is available in large size compared to solid wood and hence one
avoids joints and therefore the failure given good looks. And
because of the same it increase speed & ease of maintenance unlike
the natural wood veneers, where you had to make up of joints
• It is economical as compared to solid wood.
Disadvantages of plywood:-
• It is more expensive than Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF).
• Because the layers of veneers are seen at the edges, edges
have to be finished either with laminate or veneer.
• It often get splinter from the edges during transportation.
• It is quite difficult to cut.
• It is known to emit toxic VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compound) as
it can irritates in eye.
• Water may damage Moisture Resistant (MR) grade plywood.
• For common people, it is difficult to judge which wood veneer
has been used for making the plywood.
• It is costlier as compared o blockboard or particleboard.
• The most of the commercial grade plywood needs to be
covered by laminates. Sunmica, so as to enhance its beauty
and to increase its life. It is prone to termite effect and may get
damaged once affected.
Veneer manufacturing:-
Use:-
Veneers are used to lessen the cost of a project
without sacrificing the overall appearance. A veneer
is a thin piece of hardwood that is placed over a piece
of manufactured wood. It may be attached using an
adhesive, nails or screws. Veneers are frequently used
on cabinets, furniture and floors.
Advantages
• Environmentally Friendly:-it is one of the most
environmentally friendly decorative products
available to the consumer.
• Strength – When veneer is applied to a
substrate, it actually increases the strength of the
product and while the stresses of temperature
and moisture extremes might cause solid wood
to crack or swell, veneer is strong enough to hold
up with ease in these conditions.
• Efficiency
• Beauty
• Durability
Disadvantages:-
• Susceptible to Water Damage
• Installation Requires Skilled Workers
• More Maintenance
• Cannot be Repaired
• Formation of Cracks
Manufacturing of laminate wood:-
Use:-
Laminates are most commonly used surface finish for
furniture elements, as they provide decorative look in
comparatively less price. They also enhance the
durability of the furniture as they are scratch resistant
and easy to clean.
Manufacturing of Fiber board:-
Use:-
Wood fibres (also spelled wood fibers, see spelling
differences) are usually cellulosic elements that are
extracted from trees and used to make materials
including paper. The end paper product (paper,
paperboard, tissue, cardboard, etc.)
Advantages:-
• MDF has economic value to common people as
it is cheaper at cost and inexpensive. So, they
are within everyone’s reach to purchase.
• MDF saves trees as it is recycling process.
• It is easy to take any color where wood takes
long tenure for staining different colors
• MDF does not have knots or kinks which disturbs
the smooth surface.
• MDF is resistant to some insects as some
chemicals are used for the processing of MDF.
• It can be painted or stained and given a look just
the same as real wood. So, it can replace the
place of wood fur
Manufacturing of Partical board:-
Particle board is
one of the more
ubiquitous wood-
based products
used in flat-pack
furniture and for
interior cupboards
and work surfaces.
It is also used for
wall and floor
panels.
Advantages:-
• It does not dent or distort easily.
• Due to its lightweight property, particle board can be
easily transported and handled.
• Particle board has more screw holding capacity as
compared to MDF, so it is widely used to make furniture
which can be assembled using screws.
• It requires minimal maintenance and is easy to clean.
• Particle boards have thermo-acoustic insulation
properties, so they are very much useful in speakers and
in false ceiling of auditoriums, theaters, etc.
• It is an eco-friendly material as it uses wood waste such as
wood chips, sawdust, wooden shavings, and bagasse
which is residue of sugarcane after the juice is extracted
Disadvantages:-
When compared to plywood, particle board is not
considered very strong or durable.
The softer and more brittle composition of particle
boards makes it prone to damage.
Particle boards loses most of their strength in
moisture and becomes swollen.
Particle boards can be toxic. The manufacturing
process uses urea formaldehyde resin which can
release formaldehyde gas.
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