Nature and Components of Communication

Friday, September 04, 2020 8:23 AM

Fundamental of Communication Process of Communication

Communication • The speaker generate ideas
• Process of expressing and exchanging • The speaker encode an idea/convert
information the idea to words/action
• Process of sharing and conveying • The speaker transmit/send message
message/information from person to out a message
another within and across channels, media • The receiver gets the messages
and cultures • The receiver decodes/ interprets
• It can be: the message based on context
○ Face-to-face • The receiver sends/provide
○ Phone convo feedback
○ Group Discussion
○ Meeting/ Interviews
○ Letter Correspondence Class recitation

Nature of Communication
• Communication is a process
• Communication occurs between 2/more
people (speaker and receiver)
• Communication can be expressed through
written/ spoken words actions(non-verbal)
or both spoken words and non-verbal actions
at the same time.
Element of Communication
• Speaker- source of information/message
• Message- the information, ideas/thoughts
conveyed by the speaker in words/ actions
• Encoding-process of converting the message
into words and action
• Channel- the medium/the means,
personal/non-personal, verbal/non-verbal in
which the encoded message is conveyed
• Decoding - the process of interpreting the
encoded message of the speaker by receiver
• Receiver- the recipient of the message or
who decodes the message
• Feedback- the reactions, responses, or
information provided by the receiver
• Context - the environment where
communication takes place
• Barrier- the factors that affect the flow of
communication

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 Model of communication
Wednesday, October 21, 2020 3:54 PM

1. Shannon-Weaver Model (1949) ○ Field Of experience

○ Mother of all communication
○ Linear/one-way process consisting
of 5 elements
4. Eugene White (1960)
○ Telephone Model because it is
based on experience of having
message interfered with by noise
from telephone switch board
2. Aristotle 5BC
○ A teacher rhetoric and even put up
an academy to produce good
speaker
- Everything that makes a person
unique- he/she has ever learned,
watched, seen, heard read and
studied
- It is everything a person has ever
experience
○ The concept that explains why
communication breakdowns occurs
○ Communication is circular and
continuous without beginning/end
○ Communication can actually be
observe from any point of circle

○ It is used for occasion called for

speeches of welcome, poems of
tributes / eulogies and poems of
lament
• He contributed the concept of
3. Wilbur Schramm
feedback to the field of communication
○ Father of mass communication
○ Feedback is perception by the
○ He asserts that communication can
speaker about the response of the
take place if and only if there is an
listener
overlap between the field of the
speaker and field of experience of
the listener

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 Exploring the Function of

Communication
Wednesday, October 21, 2020 4:36 PM
Communication is a complex process, with
elements, levels and dimensions. People do not
just communicate because people love to talk.
Humans communicate for several reasons, these
reason is called the Function of Communication
Regulation and Control
• If the Speaker’s purpose is to control
others by managing behaviors, then the
speaker is using the function of Regulation
and control. It also demonstrated by the
simple act of telling someone to continue
discussing the topic
Explaining Regulation/Control as a Function of
Communication
• Literally used to regulate or control the
behavior of people
• Can be used as:
to control and govern the human being’s
behavior and activities;
to regulate nature and activities human eye contact. The speaker and the listener should
beings engage in;.
Regulation/Control
Verbal Cues
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture, age, gender, Motivation
social status, and religion.
Words are usually directives, orders,
requests, etc.
Non-verbal Cues
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture, age, gender,
social status, and religion.
Tone and bodily action must be
authoritative and firm. Eye contact is a must
and these cues are maybe softened for children
and elderly.
Social Interaction
The most familiar and the primary reason why
people communicate. Social Interaction allows
people to be connected with one another.
Explaining Social Interaction as a Function of
Communication
• Most obvious, the most used, and the most
popular.
Social Interaction allows an individual to be
connected. Interacting with different people
influence us in how we present ourselves in
social situations.
Notice that one’s interaction with different
people from different groups will not be the same
interaction experience . Still, communication
happens
Social Interaction
Verbal Cues
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s
culture, age, gender, social status, and religion.
Informal terms and casually delivered .
Non-verbal Cues
Includes hand gestures, bodily actions
(including posture), vocal tone(paralanguage), and
be respectful of each culture as well their age,
social status, and religion.
The tone used is friendly, even teasing, and
bodily action is relaxed
• When the speaker’s purpose is to persuade
or try to persuade another person to change
his/her opinion, attitude, or behavior.
Explaining Motivation as a Function of
Communication
• Refers to a person using a language to
express needs, desires, wants, likes and
dislikes, inclination, choices, and aspirations.
• Aims to persuade another person to change
his/her opinion, attitude, or behavior.
• To move the listener away from his/her
position toward the speaker’s own or the
position where the speaker wants the other
person to move.

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Wednesday, October 21, 2020 4:43 PM

Motivation Non-verbal Cues

Verbal Cues
the words chosen and explicitly used
to achieve this function.
More direct and purposeful word are
chosen for both men and women, although
these can be softened for children and
elderly
Non-verbal Cues
the hand gestures, bodily actions
(including posture), vocal tone, and eye
contact.
Strong words are accompanied by
emphatic gestures and a forceful tone of
voice. Direct eye contact is necessary to
underscore the speaker’s sincerity and
conviction.
Information
• When the speaker’s wants to make
others aware of certain data, concepts
and process- knowledge that may be
useful for them.
Explaining Information as a Function of
Communication
• Used when a speaker wants the
listener/s to obtain data.
○ Most useful
○ May be serious
 Information about the
Covid-19 and how to avoid it
○ May be less serious but still
important
 Date of graduation and
other details
○ Always needed in a conversation.
Information
Verbal Cues
• Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture,
age, gender, social status, and religion.
• Must be carefully chosen
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture, age, gender,
social status, and religion.
Include hand gesture, bodily action,
vocal tone, and eye contact.
Emotional expressions
• are behaviours that communicate an
emotional state or attitude.
Explaining Emotional Expression as a Function
of Communication
• Appealing to the listener’s feelings
• Feelings and emotions help us to act in a
particular direction. It is beneficial to
appeal to our receiver or audience.
Communicating gives an emotional and
fulfillment of social needs. A facial
expression like laughing, crying, frown,
smile, angry is an example of emotional
expression.
• example
○ Receiving messages that include
pictures of devastation brought by
typhoon, earthquake, volcanic
eruption, war, or any Disasters, such
as photos of people dying, crying
because of hunger, people grieving,
the receiver of the message will be
moved and act to do something.
Emotional Expression
Verbal Cues
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture, age, gender,
social status, and religion.
Must be carefully chosen
Non-verbal Cues
Both Speaker and listener must be
respectful of each other’s culture, age, gender,
social status, and religion.
Include hand gesture, bodily action,
vocal tone, and eye contact.

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Communicative Strategies
Wednesday, October 21, 2020 4:50 PM

Communicative Strategy • Turn-taking

• It requires an understanding of Speech Act. ○ Pertains to the process by which people
With understanding comes an adjustment of decides who take the conversational
speech style to ensure the delivery of the floor. Primarily, the idea is to give all
message communicators a chance to speak
• A systematic technique employed by a speaker • Topic Control
to express his meaning when faced with some ○ Covers how procedural formality or
difficulty. (Corder, 1977) informality affects the development of
Levels of Communication
topic in conversation
• A person is both the communicator and the
• Topic Shifting
receiver
○ Involves moving from one topic to
• involves more than one person, from two (such as
another. It is where one part of a
in Dyadic Communication) to many persons (such
○ conversation ends and where another
as in Group Discussion or Public Communication)
begins
Speech Styles
• Intimate and Casual Style – used in Dyadic • Repair
Communication, particularly in conversation and ○ Refers to how speaker address the
dialogue problems in speaking, listening and
• Consultative Style – used for group discussions comprehending that they may
• Formal (Frozen Styles) – associated with Public encounter in a conversation
Communication • Termination
Speech Act ○ Refers to the conversation
• Locutionary Speech Act – the same meaning participants' close initiating
should be shared by both the Speaker and the expressions that end a topic in a
Listener conversation
• Illocutionary Speech Act – embodies the
Speaker’s intention
• Perlocutionary Speech Act – meant to elicit a
Response from the Listener
Types of Communicative Strategies
• Nomination
○ Speaker carries to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic. Basically,
when you employ this strategy, you try to
open a topic with the people you are talking
to
• Restriction
○ Refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. On some cases of communication,
there's instructions that must be followed.
Those instructions confine you as a speaker
and limit what you can say

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