LESSON 11: SPEECH CONTEXT
SPEECH CONTEXT?
refers to the situation or environment
and the circumstances in which
communication occurs.
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATON
It is a communication with oneself, even
thinking one self. The speaker and a
listener are one and the same.
INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
Occurs between two or more people
talking or interacting.
TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
DYADIC COMMUNICATION
•This involves only two participants
forming the DYAD
•One speaker and one listener come
together to exchange thoughts, ideas,
opinions and information.
TWO TYPES
Formal – interview
Informal – conversation
SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION
• This requires from 3 to 15 people to
study an issue, discuss a problem, and
come up with a solution or a plan
TWO TYPES OF SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION
Study Group – without solution
Task-oriented Group – with solution
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
•The speaker addresses many listeners,
collectively known as audience.
•There are two versions in public
communication which are FORMAL and
INFORMAL
MASS COMMUNICATION
•Human verbal interactions carried out
with the aid of mass media technology.
ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
•This refers to the Interaction of
members along the links in an
organizational structure.
Formal Organizational
Communication - follows a sequence
(ex. From president to workers)
Informal Organizational
Communication – doesn’t follow a
sequence
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
•The exchange of concepts, traditions,
values, and practices between and among
people of different nationalities and
ways of life.
LESSON 12: SPEECH STYLES
1.INTIMATE
•It is a non-public style that uses
PRIVACY VOCABULARY and
includes NONVEL MESSAGES.
•It is a style in which meaning is shared
even without "correct linguistic forms".
•This occurs among people who have
known each other for a long time and
have shared many experiences.
2.CASUAL
•It is a speech style used among
FRIENDS and ACQUANTANCES that
do not require background information.
•The use of slang is common and
interruptions occur often.
3. CONSULTATIVE
•It is the opposite of the Intimate Style.
•This is used precisely among people
who do NOT share common experiences
or meaning.
•It requires two-way participation and
interruptions can occur during the
communication.
Examples:
Communication between:
• a superior and subordinate
•a doctor and patient
•a lawyer and client
•a teacher and student
•a counsellor and client
4. FORMAL
•It is used only for imparting
information.
•The speech is well organized and
correct in grammar and spelling.
•Technical vocabulary and exact
definition is important such as in
presentations.
Examples:
•Speeches
•Announcements
•Pronouncements
5. FROZEN
• It is a formal style whose quality is
static, ritualistic, and may even be
archaic.
• Is exemplified by prayers that have
been recited in the same way for years.
• This style of communication rarely or
never changes.
Examples:
•Pledge of Allegiance
•The Lord's Prayer
•A bibliographic
reference
• Laws
•Formal Ceremonies
LESSON 13: SPEECH ACTS
The three Types of Speech Act are
Locution, Illocution and Perlocution.
•A Locutionary Speech Act occurs
when the speaker performs an utterance
(locution), which has a meaning in the
traditional sense.
•An Illocutionary Speech Act is the
performance of the act of saying
something with a specific intention.
•A Perlocutionary Speech act happens
when what the speaker says has an effect
on the listener.
LOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT
•This Act happens with the utterance of
a sound, a word, or even a phrase as a
natural unit of speech.
•What is required for the utterance to be
a Locutionary Act is that it has sense,
and most importantly, for
Communication to take place, has the
same meaning to both the Speaker and
the Listener.
•In fact, the utterance gives rise to
shared meaning when it is adjusted by
the speaker for the Listener.
•Even though, the utterance might be a
sound, a word, o a phrase, the utterance
follows the rules of language.
Examples:
"Doh!"
(favorite expression of TV cartoon
character Homer Simpson)
"What?"
(when someone is surprised)
"It's a bird!"
(when people see Superman in the sky)
The dog is on the floor.
-Declarative sentence form that denotes
a statement
Do you want some coffee?
-Interrogative sentence form used to ask
questions
ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT
•In an Illocutionary Speech Act, it is not
just saying something itself but the act of
saying something with the intention of
stating an opinion, confirming, or
denying something
-stating an opinion, confirming, or
denying something
-making a prediction, a promise, a
request;
-issuing an order or a decision, or
-giving advice or permission.
•This Speech Act uses the Illocutionary
Force of a statement, a confirmation, a
denial, a prediction, a promise, a request,
etc.
Examples:
There's too much homework in this
subject. (opinion)
I'll do my homework later. (promise)
Go do your homework! (order)
PERLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT
•This is seen when a particular effect is
sought from either the Speaker, or both.
•The response may not necessarily be
physical or verbal and is elicited by:
-inspiring or insulting,
-persuading/convincing; or
-deterring/scaring.
•The aim of Perlocutionary Speech Act
is to change feelings, thoughts, or
actions.
Examples:
"I was born a Filipino, I will live a
Filipino, I will die a Filipino!"
(inspiring)
"It is the bleak job situation that
forces Filipinos to find jobs overseas."
(persuading)
"Texting while driving kills---you,
your loved ones, other people!"
(deterring)

Speech Acts are useful in crafting the

Types of Speech Styles or its
combinations.
These Speech Styles are used in specific
Speech Contexts, which are based on the
Speech Purpose and the number of
participants.

LESSON: ASPECTS OF CULTURE
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION - we
belong to many organization or groups
EX: School, family, teachers
LANGUAGE - languages every
individual speak.
EX: English, Bilingqual
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
Customs are things we believed in or the
common way of doing something.
Traditions are practice that has been
passed down through generations
RELIGIONS the church you attend.
What you believe in (faith) or which god
you believe in.
EX Catholic
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT -
decisions of our country on how it
works.
EX: Voting (democratic)
ECONOMIC SYSTEM - how people
earn and spend money.
Taxes government collects money from
its people to make the country better.
EX: roads.
LESSON: CULTURAL NORMS
VALUES - culture's idea about what is
good, right, fair, and just...
CULTURAL VALUES - are the core
principles and ideals upon which an
entire community exists and protect and
rely upon for existence and harmonious
relationship.
The concept is made up of several part
CUSTOMS- involve traditions and
ritual
VALUES - are beliefs
all of a group's guiding values
CULTURE- all of a group's guiding
values
-they are embedded on our daily routine
and practice.
Sociologist disagree on now to
conceptualize values.
Conflict theory- how values differ
between groups within a culture.
Functionalism on the shard values
within culture.
Ex: Robert K. Meston - most important
values in American society are wealth,
success, power.
Talcott Parsons - Amenicans share
common value of "American Work
Ethic”
LESSON: CULTURAL VALUES
CULTURE- may harbor conflicting
values may exist die to inconsistencies
between people's actions.
EX: material success and charity no
equality and individualism
NORMS - agreed upon expectations and
rules by which a culture guides the
behavior of its members in any given
situations.
4 TYPES OF NORMS.
FOLKWAYS - "conventions" or
"customs"
-are standards of behavior that are
socially approved but not morally
significant
EX: talking while eating, burping
MORES - norms of morality, no law is
broken
Ex: attending church in nude

TABOO - a culture absolutely forbids

them
EX. Incest

LAWS - a formal body of rules enacted

by the state and backed by the power of
the state.