INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Culture
• Culture isn’t only intellectual
happenings like arts, festivals,
traditional foods, heritages or
literature, but refers to the
daily lifestyle of the general
population or a group of people
or an individual. It also
describes the family life and
social life.
• Culture defines how a person
behaves, interacts and gives
meaning to actions.
• Culture is created by humans
and can be different from place
to place.
Intercultural Communication
• the study and application of
knowledge on “cultural
perceptions and symbol
systems” of people belonging to
different cultures.
• While applying inter-cultural
communication, it refers to
making people aware and able to
adopt others’ cultures when
they communicate with them
and thus have a meaningful
communication.
Types of Intercultural Communication
• Verbal communication - consists
of words used to communicate
messages
• Non-verbal communication -
gestures that give out
messages.
Intercultural Communication Skills
• Demonstrating your willingness to
meet others at least halfway by
learning a few phrases in their
language.
• Talking to people who know the
culture about common traps and
problems before travelling to
other country.
• Adapting your behavior, and not
always expecting others to adapt
to you.
• Checking your understanding and
others while you are conversing.
• Not being afraid to apologize if
you have offended someone.
• Using local television/social
media/internet to learn about
behavioral issues or norms.
• Reflecting on your experience
to help you put it in context.
TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXTS Context – the setting in which
communication situation takes place.
Intrapersonal Communication
Dyad
• Conversing with inner self by
THINKING • Communication between two
• Refers to the communication people.
with oneself.
Dyadic Communication
Interpersonal Communication
• The interrelationship between
• Communication with other the two people.
people
Types of Dyadic Communication
• Face-to-face, social/new media
• Formal - the form of
Public
communication which religiously
• Communication that requires follows the rules of language.
you to deliver or send the Commonly used in interviews,
message before or in front of a counseling, and confession.
group. • Informal – it can be largely non-
• Speaker-audience verbal, includes slang or even
communication (large audience) slurred speech, as well as foul
• Ex: You participate in a language. Commonly used in
declaration, oratorical, or chit-chat gossips, and intimate
debate contest watched by a conversations.
number of people.
Forms

Mass communication Telephoning

• Communication that takes place • Can be formal/informal.

through television, radio, Involves two people talking
newspaper, magazines, books, through a communication
internet, and other types of device.
media
• Ex: You are a student journalist
articulating your stand on
current issues through the
school’s newspaper.
Dictation
• Two people communicate
directly through a
communication device.
Face-to-face communication
• The most common form of
Dyadic Communication.
Kinds:
• Interview- question and
answer format
• Casual conversation-
exchange of thoughts,
opinions without formal
purpose.
• Dialogue – most personal
and intimate form of
communication.
Stages of Dyadic Communication
• Exploration – interaction –
termination
Small Group Communication
• Occurs among 3 – 20 people
• Follows linear phrase model
Persuasive Arguments Theory
• Each member has prior
knowledge on both sides, but
she or he will be persuaded by
the side that has a greater
amount of shared information.
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
Frozen Style
• Used generally in very formal
setting.
• Most formal communicative
style for respectful situation
• Does not require any feedback
from the audience.
• Usually uses long sentences
with good grammar and
vocabulary
• The use of language is fixed
and relatively static
• Ex: national pledge, anthem,
school creeds, marriage
ceremonies, speech for a state
ceremony
Formal Style
• Used in speaking to medium to
large groups
• Avoids using slang terminologies
• May also be used in single
hearers- strangers, older
persons, professional
• Ex: meetings, speeches, school
lessons, court, a corporate
meeting, at a swearing in
ceremony, in an interview or in a
classroom
Consultative Style
• Used in semi-formal
communication
• Happens in two-way
participation
• Most operational among other
styles
• Ex: group discussion,
teacher-student, doctor-
patient
Casual Style
• Language used between friend.
• Often very relaxed and focused
on just getting the information
out
• Ex: casual conversations with
friends, family members, chats,
phone calls and messages
Intimate Style
• private language used within
family of very close friends or
group
• Grammar is unnecessary
• Certain terms of endearment,
slangs or expressions whose
meaning is shared with a small
subset of persons to person
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
Speech Act
• An utterance that a speaker
makes to achieve an intended
effect.
3 Types of Speech Act
1. Locutionary Act
• The act is performed in order
to communicate
• It has sense, and most
importantly, for communication
to take place, has the same
meaning to both the speaker
and the listener.
• The essential act of utterance
or producing a meaningful
linguistic expression.
2. Illocutionary Act
• Performed via the communicate
force of an utterance, such as
making a statement, offer,
explanation, or other
communicative purposes.
• It is not just saying something
itself but the act of saying
something with the intention of:
- stating an opinion, confirming,
or denying something
- making prediction, a promise,
a request
- issuing an order or a decision
- giving advice or permission
• ASSERTIVE – expresses belief
about the truth of a proposition
• DIRECTIVE – the speaker tries
to make the addresses perform
an action

• COMMISSIVE- commits the

speaker to doing something in
the future.

• EXPRESSIVE – the speaker

expresses his/her feelings.

• DECLERATION – brings a
change in the external
situation.

3. Perlocutionary Speech Act

• Expecting to affect other

people’s behavior.