Chapter 3: Water and it’s Spatial Distribution

3.1 What are physical states of

water? Chapter .
3 .

Physical States of water

Solid fixed
> Ice
,
Has
Shape and volume .

3.2 Where is water found on Liquid Water No Fixed shape and has fixed
,

Earth? volume .

Gas water vapour, No Fixed shape, no

fixed volume .

Chapter 3 2 .
Location of water found

-> Salt
-> Fresh

Saltwater stores ~ Contains saltwater which has high amounts of

salt and cannot be used directly.

2
Freshwater Stores ~ Contains freshwater which has low amounts
of salt that can be used more readily.
 Chapter 3: Water and it’s Spatial Distribution

3.2 Where is water found on What are the oceans ?

Earth? 3

1
4

Definations Oceans are

large masses
:

or water connected to one another .

Glaciers are
large masses of ice
that are On land or sea .

Lakes are water bodies surrounded by

land .

Rivers are natural wide flows of

Freshwater .

Groundwater is found below Earth's

surface which enters the ground
throughpores in the soil .
Then the
,

water make its way to the rocks beneath

filling up cracks and pores of the rocks .

 Hydrological Cycle

- 3

Precipitation: Water falling as rain or snow if the air is cold enough.

I

2 Groundwater: Water that infiltrates into the ground maybe absorbed

by the plants or stored as groundwater.
I
3
Surface Runoff: Water flows from the highlands and over the ground
surface into lowlands like streams and rivers.
*1
Important to include
-
 Water Budget and Hydrological Cycle

I Evaporation: The Sun’s Heat causes

water to evaporate. Water changes into
water vapour.

5 Transpiration: Plants give out water vapour

through their leaves.

6 Condensation: Warm, moist air cools as it

rises. Water vapour changes into water droplets.
Small droplets combine to form bigger droplets.
Large amounts of water droplets gather to form
clouds.

Catchment refers to the

place that receives
water, and also
contributes water to
rivers.
 Water Budget

• Water Budget: describes the flow of water in and out in a

catchment area.
• Inputs: Processes that increase the amount of water in a
catchment.
• Outputs: Processes that decrease the amount of water in
a catchment.

When input is more than output it is known as water surplus.

On the other hand, when output is more than input it is known
as water deficit. The amount of water remains the same when
input equals to output.

When the amounts of inputs and outputs are different for the
year, the amount of water stored in a catchment changes this
is know as NET CHANGE.