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  • Staphylococcus Micrococcus

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    Ayessa Villacorte
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    This document summarizes characteristics of Staphylococcus bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is the most virulent species, causing skin, wound, and deep tissue infections through virulence factors like coagulase and toxins. It produces toxins that can cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. S. epidermidis is a normal skin microbe that can contaminate medical equipment. S. saprophyticus commonly causes urinary tract infections in young women. The document outlines identifying characteristics, pathogenicity, cultivation requirements, and differential tests for staphylococcal species.

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    mls 3 bacte

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    STAPHYLOCOCCUS-MICROCOCCUS

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    This document summarizes characteristics of Staphylococcus bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is the most virulent species, causing skin, wound, and deep tissue infections through virulence factors like coagulase and toxins. It produces toxins that can cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. S. epidermidis is a normal skin microbe that can contaminate medical equipment. S. saprophyticus commonly causes urinary tract infections in young women. The document outlines identifying characteristics, pathogenicity, cultivation requirements, and differential tests for staphylococcal species.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views2 pages

    Staphylococcus Micrococcus

    Uploaded by

    Ayessa Villacorte
    This document summarizes characteristics of Staphylococcus bacteria, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus is the most virulent species, causing skin, wound, and deep tissue infections through virulence factors like coagulase and toxins. It produces toxins that can cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. S. epidermidis is a normal skin microbe that can contaminate medical equipment. S. saprophyticus commonly causes urinary tract infections in young women. The document outlines identifying characteristics, pathogenicity, cultivation requirements, and differential tests for staphylococcal species.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    GRAM + COCCI – abscess (protecting bacteria

    STAPHYLOCOCCUS, from phagocytosis)


    MICROCOCCUS  Hyaluronidase
    - Enhances invasion and survival
    STAPHYLOCOCCUS
    of the tissue
    General Characteristics: - Breaks down hyaluronic acid
    that is present in the
     Catalase + intracellular ground substance
     Gram + cocci of connective tissue
     Coagulase +  Staphylokinase
    Epidemiology - Causes fibrinolytic activities by
    dissolving clots
     Colonizers of various skins and  Lipase (fat splitting enzymes)
    mucosal surfaces - Produced coagulase + and
     Microscopy: Gram + spherical coagulase – staphylococcus
    cells that appear in clusters  Deoxyribonucleases
     Culture BAP = COLONIES ARE - Lowers the viscosity of
    CREAMY WHITE OR LIGHT exudates giving the pathogen
    GOLD with butyrous appearance more mobility
     Common species: S. aureus, S. - Destroys DNA
    epidermidis, S. saphrophyticus, S.  Beta lactamase
    hemolyticus, S. lugdunensis - Breakdown penicillin and other
    Pathogenesis and Spectrum of Disease: beta lactam drugs
     Enterotoxin (heat-stable toxin)
    Staphylococcus auereus - Produced majority of S. aureus
    - Most virulent species of isolates caused food poisoning
    staphylococci - Neurotoxins = vomiting
    - Chiefly responsible for the stimulating vagus nerve
    various skin, wound, and deep - Enteroxin A, B, and D = food
    tissue infection poisoning
    - Virulence factor: Coagulase - Enterotoxin B, C, and G =
    - Causes toxin mediated enterocolitis
    diseases: Scalded skin - Enterotoxin B =
    syndrome and toxic shock pseudomembranous
    syndrome enterocolitis (contaminated
    Cutaneous infections milk products)
    - Carbuncles  Panton-valentine leukocidin
    - Staphylococcal impetigo - Attacks and kills WBCs
    Toxin-induced cases - Pore-forming exotoxin that
    - Staphylococcal food poisoning suppresses phagocytosis
    - Skin scalded syndrome - Responsible for necrotizing
    Virulence Factors: skin and soft tissue infections
     Hemolysin (cytotoxin)
     Coagulase - Causes anemia and makes iron
    - Promotes formation of fibrin available for microbial growth
    layer around the staphylococcal
    Differential test for S. aureus: - Urine culture: 10,000 CFU/mL
     Coagulase test
    - Best single criterion of S.
    aureus
    - Reagent: rabbit plasma
    - Anticoagulant: EDTA
     Mannitol fermentation
     DNAse test
     Tellurite glycine agar = jet black
    colonies
     Polymyxin sensitivity test = S.
    aureus is resistant
    Cultivation
    Media of choice: 5% SBA and CA
    NOT: MAC agar
    Grows in 6.5% MSA (halophilic)
    - Indicators: sugar mannitol and
    phenol red (pH indicator)
    ** can grow in the presence of
    salt and ferments mannitol
    Colony: yellow halo
    Colony appearance:
    - MSA: yellow halo
    - Translucent, colonies are
    creamy yellow most colonies
    are beta-hemolytic
    Staphylococcus epidermidis
    - Indigenous microbiota of the
    skin
    - Contaminant of medical GRAM STAIN RESULT
    instruments
    - Secretes exopolysaccharide and
    delta toxin
    - Culture: colonies – white
    opaque, small-medium pin
    head non hemolytic
    - Coagulase –
    Staphylococcus saprophyticus
    - Community acquired UTI in
    young, sexually active women
    - Non-hemolytic

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