30 DC Sweep Chap.

This means the feedback section has to square the output voltage, a function we
just covered earlier. Now we can build a circuit that calculates, with a small degree
of error, the square-root of the input voltage.
Square-root c i r c u i t
Vin L 0 0
R i n L 0 LEb
Efwd 2 0 p o l y ( 2 ) ( L I D ) ( 3 , O ) 0 %EL-LE6 ; e r r o r a m p l i f i e r
Rfwd 2 0 LEL
E r e v 3 0 p o l y ( 2 ) ( 2 , O ) (2,O) 0 0 0 0 L ; f e e d b a c k s e c t i o n
R r e v 3 0 1Eb
.DC Vin 0 L O . L
.PROBE
.END

Notice that resistors were placed across all of the source outputs. Without them
the source outputs would be dangling, for the inputs to the controlled sources are
considered by PSpice to have infinite impedance.
Exercise 4.9.2
Build and run the square-root circuit. Check the output values. How could the feedback
section be simplified to have only one input? Try a different DC sweep, starting at
+5 volts and sweep to -5 volts. Why doesn't the circuit work for negative input
voltages?
Exercise 4.9.3
Build and test a cube-root circuit. Does it work for negative input voltages?

Now suppose we wanted a circuit whose output would be the ratio of the two
input voltages. Then the function the feedback section has to perform is
gain = outputlinputl = (inputllinput2)linputl = I linput2 = 1 IK
This means the feedback section has to multiply the output voltage by the denominator
point. So now we can build a circuit that calculates, with a small degree of error,
the ratio of two input voltages.
Divider c i r c u i t
Vtop 1 0 L ; t o p o f f r a c t i o n
R t o p 2 0 LEb
Vbot 2 0 Z ; b o t t o m o f f r a c t i o n
R b o t 2 0 LEL
Efwd 3 0 p o l y ( 2 ) ( 2 , O ) ( 4 , O ) 0 ZEb-ZEL ; e r r o r a m p l i f i e r
Rfwd 3 0 LEb
E r e v 4 0 p o l y ( 2 ) ( 3 , O ) ( 2 , O ) 0 0 0 0 I, ; f e e d b a c k s e c t i o n
R r e v 4 ci LEL
.DC Vbot -1 1 - 0 5
.PROBE
.END