EN Brochure Frese HVAC Application Guide SEP 16 Small

www.frese.
eu/hvac
Frese Application Guide
Valves & Controls for HVAC Applications
1
2
www.frese.eu/hvac
Efficient indoor climate control for buildings
Over 25 years’ experience producing dynamic balancing solutions has positioned Frese as the leading manufacturer of energy saving valves and through our commitment to innovation,
we continue to be at the forefront of technological advancements in our areas of expertise.
Our innovative solutions balance global HVAC systems accurately and efficiently. From cooling systems in the Middle East to heating systems in Scandinavia, our products transform state
of the art technology into everyday solutions.
To support our products, the knowledge, experience and dedication of our employees and partners ensure our solutions are applied correctly to maximise savings and position Frese as the
authoritative voice for energy efficient, pressure independent valve solutions.
Key Icons
DYNAMIC valves from Frese offer the maximum savings in terms of energy consumption and are strongly recommended solutions
DYNAMIC valves for HVAC heating and cooling applications.
STATIC valves STATIC valves from Frese offer effective and reliable flow regulation and verification.
QUALITY MANUFACTURING CUSTOMER FOCUS

KNOWLEDGE INNOVATION
EXCELLENCE
3
Glossary of Terms
Frese Application Guide
AHU .................. Air Handling Unit

DPCV................ Differential Pressure Control Valve
DRV................... Double regulating valve
EQ%.................. Equal percentage
FCU.................... Fan Coil Unit
FODRV............. Fixed orifice double regulating valve
PICV.................. Pressure Independent Control Valve
PV-STBV.......... PV Compact - Static Balancing Valve
TRV.................... Thermostatic Radiator Valve
VODRV............. Variable orifice double regulating valve
4
Heating Systems Page 6
1.0 DYNAMIC and STATIC valve finder
Heating
Cooling Systems Page 7

2.0 DYNAMIC and STATIC valve finder Cooling
Typical Application Schematics Page 8

3.0 For Frese DYNAMIC valves
Air Handling Unit Condensing Boiler - Plant Room Plate Heat Exchanger
3.1 3.8 3.15
with PICV direct control with PICV control with PICV control
Air Handling Unit Fan Coil Unit Radiator System

3.2 3.9 3.16
with PICV injection circuit with PICV control with DPCV control
Calorifier Fixed Speed Chiller - Plant Room Radiator System

3.3 3.10 3.17
with PICV control with PICV control with DPCV and dynamic balancing
Chilled Beams Variable Speed Chiller - Plant Room Radiator System

3.4 3.11 3.18
with PICV control with PICV control with dynamic balancing
Chilled Ceilings Heat Pump - Plant Room Stand-alone Terminal Unit

3.5 3.12 3.19
with PICV control with PICV control with PICV control and Self Acting Thermostat
Circulation of Minimum Flow- Plant Room Hot Water Tank Stand-alone Terminal Unit
3.6 3.13 3.20
with PICVs and Flow Limiters with PICV control with PICV control
Circulation of Minimum Flow - System End Hot Water Tank Trench Heater
3.7 3.14 3.21
with PICVs and Flow Limiters with PICV control and Self Acting Thermostat with PICV control
Underfloor Heating
3.22
with PICV control - single circuit
Case Study Page 31
4.0 PICV energy savings - Canary Wharf, London
5
Heating Systems
1.0 DYNAMIC and STATIC valve finder Heating
a b c
FOUR PIPE
ONE PIPE SYSTEM TWO PIPE SYSTEM SYSTEM
with TRVs OR No presetting Presetting on

without TRVs on TRVs TRVs
Dynamic or Static or Differential Differential Pressure

Automatic Manual Pressure & Pressure Independent
Balancing Balancing Flow Control Control Control
DYNAMIC valves STATIC valves DYNAMIC valves DYNAMIC valves DYNAMIC valves
Frese SIGMA Compact Frese STBV Range PV-SIGMA Compact PV-STBV PV Compact Frese OPTIMIZER
DN15 to DN150 DN15 to DN500 DN15 to DN50 DN15 to DN50 DN15 to DN150 DN15 & DN25
Dynamic Flow Limiting DRV & VODRV DPCV & Dynamic DPCV & FODRV DPCV Pressure Independent
Valve DN15 to DN300 FODRV Flow Limiting Valve Control Group
6
Cooling Systems
2.0 DYNAMIC and STATIC valve finder Cooling
a b
CONSTANT FLOW VARIABLE FLOW
Dynamic or Static or Differential Differential Pressure

Automatic Manual Pressure & Pressure Independent
Balancing Balancing Flow Control Control Control
DYNAMIC valves STATIC valves DYNAMIC valves DYNAMIC valves DYNAMIC valves
STATIC valves
Cartridge Externally
Solution Adjustable
Frese ALPHA Frese SIGMA Compact Frese STBV Range PV-STBV PV-SIGMA Compact PV Compact Frese OPTIMA Compact
DN15 to DN800 DN15 to DN150 DN15 to DN500 DN15 to DN50 DN15 to DN50 DN15 to DN150 DN15 to DN200
Dynamic Flow Limiting Dynamic Flow Limiting DRV & VODRV DPCV & FODRV DPCV & Dynamic DPCV Pressure Independent
Valve Valve DN15 to DN300 FODRV Flow Limiting Valve Control Valve
7
Typical Application Schematics DYNAMIC valves
3.1
Air Handling Unit Function
with PICV direct control
The air temperature of the Air Handling Unit is controlled by a sensor in
the outlet. When the control system calls for higher or lower temperature
on the air outlet, the PICV opens or closes to increase or decrease the flow
through the coil. The power output from the coil follows a parabolic curve
where often an EQ% valve/actuator characteristic is chosen to have a direct
relation between the input control signal and power output.
Benefits
• The PICV ensures balancing of the primary flow and eliminates the use
of both static balancing valves and differential pressure control valves.
• Simple application as only a PICV is required to control flow, temperature
and differential pressure.
Considerations
• At part load, the flow through the coil can be low leading to laminar
AIR HANDLING UNIT flow and reducing the power output.
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT • Larger coils can have different temperatures in different areas of the coil
CONTROL VALVE
F making precise temperature control difficult.
CONTROLLER
• A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is
R required.
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP
Frese OPTIMA Compact

Pressure Independent Control Valve
8
Typical Application Schematics
3.0 For Frese DYNAMIC valves DYNAMIC valves
3.2
Air Handling Unit Function
with PICV injection circuit
The air temperature of the Air Handling Unit is controlled by a sensor in the
outlet. The secondary side of the injection circuit circulates a constant flow
through the coil maintaining a uniform temperature throughout the entire
coil.
When the control system calls for higher or lower temperature on the air
outlet, the PICV valve opens or closes to allow heating or cooling water
from the primary side of the injection circuit to enter the secondary side.
The temperature in the coil then changes giving an almost direct relation
between the temperature in the coil and the power output from the coil.
INJECTION CIRCUIT
Benefits
SECONDARY SIDE
• The PICV ensures balancing of the primary flow and eliminates the use
of both static balancing valves and differential pressure control valves.
60˚C
40˚C
AIR HANDLING UNIT

• AHU’s with a large coil area have a uniform temperature in all parts of
70˚C
40˚C
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT the coil, providing a precise temperature control.

CONTROL VALVE
• Direct relation between coil temperature and power output.
INJECTION CIRCUIT
PRIMARY SIDE CONTROLLER
F
METERING STATION
Considerations
R
PRIMARY PUMP
• Requires a small circulation pump on the secondary side of the injection
circuit.
CIRCULATION PUMP
PLEASE NOTE: TEMPERATURES ARE SHOWN FOR EXAMPLE ONLY
required.

9
3.3
Calorifier Function
with PICV control
The room temperature is controlled by a room controller connected to the
PICV actuator. To avoid cold air being blown into the room, when fresh air is
taken from outside, a timer can be inserted to delay the startup of the fan.
The control can either be modulating or On/ Off depending on the system
layout.
Benefits
• The PICV ensures balancing of the flow and eliminates the use of both
static balancing valves and differential pressure control valves.
• Simple installation as only the PICV is required with no need for
additional pressure or flow balancing valves.
• Low total pressure loss in the system due to simple design.
CALORIFIER
• The flow can be set directly on the PICV without the need of a
manometer or a commissioning unit.
CONTROLLER
F • The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV placed at
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT
the index point, or at the end of every branch.
CONTROL VALVE
R
METERING STATION Considerations

PRIMARY PUMP
• The minimum differential pressure required for the PICV must be
TEMPERATURE SENSOR available at design flow.
(INDOOR)
TIMER • A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is

required.

10
3.4
Chilled Beams Function
with PICV control
The room temperature is controlled by a controller connected to the PICV
actuator. The control can either be modulating or On/Off depending on the
system layout. On/Off control is often selected on passive chilled beams to
avoid laminar flow, which lowers the cooling transfer from the water to the
coil.
Benefits
• Simple installation as only the PICV is required with no need of additional
pressure or flow balancing valves.
• The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV placed at
CHILLED BEAM
CONTROL VALVE Considerations
F R
CONTROLLER
• A metering station can be placed on the branch if additional flow
verification is required by the witness authority.
METERING STATION
• The index valve will, in applications such as this with identical design
PRIMARY PUMP
and coil performance, be the one furthest from the pump, but it can be
elsewhere in other layouts.
• In theory, PT-plugs are only needed on the index PICV, but for
commissioning and diagnostic purposes, it can be useful to have PT-
Frese OPTIMA Compact plugs on every valve.
11
3.5
Chilled Ceilings Function
with PICV control
The room temperature is controlled by a controller connected to the PICV
actuator. The control can either be modulating or On/Off depending on the
system layout. On/Off control is often selected on passive chilled ceiling to
avoid laminar flow which lowers the cool transfer from the water to the coil.
Benefits
CHILLED CEILING
Considerations
CONTROL VALVE
F R
CONTROLLER
verification is required by the witness authority
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP
elsewhere in other layouts
plugs on every valve.
12
3.6
Circulation of Minimum Flow - Plant Room Function
with PICVs and flow limiters
The dynamic flow limiter (Automatic Balancing Valve) ensures a minimum
flow for the cooling or heating devices to prevent from freezing or
overheating. The selected flow rate for the flow limiter is based on the
minimum required flow rate for the heating/cooling device.
Benefits
CHILLER
• The dynamic flow limiter ensures that only the required flow passes
through the bypass and it is not influenced by an increasing pump
CONTROL VALVE
CONTROLLER pressure across the valve.

R
METERING STATION
• The dynamic flow limiter can either be a fixed cartridge solution or a
PRIMARY PUMP
PICV where the minimum flow can be regulated by the controller.
F
FLOW LIMITING VALVE
• With a PICV controlling the bypass flow, the bypass can be closed
SYSTEM A - FLOW LIMITING VALVE INSTALLED IN BYPASS CIRCUIT
when the flow to the system exceeds the minimum required flow. The
controller must be connected to a flowmeter to control the bypass PICV.
Considerations
CHILLER
• A metering station can be placed on the main line if additional flow
verification is required by the witnessing authority.
CONTROL VALVE
• The minimum bypass flow shall be added to the design flow if a PICV
R
CONTROLLER
with a flow controlled bypass solution is not chosen.
S FLOW SENSOR
S F
PRIMARY PUMP
FLOW LIMITING VALVE

SYSTEM B - PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CONTROL VALVE IN BYPASS CIRCUIT
Frese OPTIMA Compact Frese ALPHA

Pressure Independent Dynamic Flow Limiting
Control Valve Valve
13
Circulation of Minimum Flow - System End Function

3.7
with PICVs and flow limiters The dynamic flow limiter (Automatic Balancing Valve) ensures a minimum
flow for the cooling or heating devises to prevent from freezing or
overheating. The total flow rate for the flow limiters is based on the
minimum required flow rate for the heating/cooling device. The control of
the minimum bypass flow can be made with either a PICV system where
a dynamic flow limiter is placed at the end of the branch, or in a system
where the PICV at the end of the branch is replaced with a 3-way valve with
HEATING OR COOLING
dynamic flow limiter on the outlet port.
TERMINAL UNIT
CONTROL VALVE
Benefits
METERING STATION
• The dynamic flow limiter ensures that only the required flow passes
PRIMARY PUMP
through the bypass and it is not influenced by an increasing pump
F R SYSTEM A - FLOW LIMITING VALVE ON SYSTEM END
FLOW LIMITING VALVE
pressure across the valve.
• With the bypass placed at the end of the line, instant cooling or heating
is ensured at all times, and the circulation of chemicals throughout the
whole system is undertaken.
HEATING OR COOLING
TERMINAL UNIT Considerations
CONTROL VALVE • A metering station can be placed on the main line if additional flow
METERING STATION
verification is required by the witness authority.
PRIMARY PUMP • With the PICV system, the minimum bypass flow shall be added to the
FLOW LIMITING VALVE
design flow.
THREE PORT
CONTROL VALVE • With the 3-way valve replacing the PICV at the end of the branch,
F R SYSTEM B - FLOW LIMITING VALVE AND THREE PORT CONTROL VALVE ON SYSTEM END
pressure independent modulation is not possible.
Frese OPTIMA Compact Frese ALPHA

Pressure Independent Dynamic Flow Limiting
Control Valve Valve
14
Condensing Boiler - Plant room Function

3.8
with PICV control The fully modulating boilers are connected to the controller which controls
the flow through each boiler by the PICV.
The controller measures the inlet and outlet temperature to maximize Delta
T and regulates the variable speed pump to maintain the required pump
pressure.
For optimal boiler efficiency, the use of either cascade or unison control is
recommended.
Benefits
CONDENSING BOILER • Simple installation as only the PICV is required with no need for
R additional pressure or flow balancing valves.
F CONTROL VALVE
CONTROLLER manometer or a commissioning unit.
METERING STATION
• The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV to set the
required flow.
PRIMARY PUMP
Considerations
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(INDOOR)


15
Fan Coil Unit Application Function

3.9
with PICV control The room temperature is controlled by a controller connected to the PICV
actuator.
The control can either be modulating or On/Off depending on the system
layout.
INDEX PICV
Benefits
FAN COIL UNIT • The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV placed at
INDEX PRESSURE the index point, or at the end of every branch.
INDEPENDENT CONTROL
VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
Considerations
F R

CONTROLLER
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP and coil performance, be the one furthest from the pump, but it can be
plugs on every valve.
16
3.10
Fixed Speed Chiller - Plant Room Function
with PICV control The fixed speed chillers are connected to the controller which opens and
closes the flow through each chiller by turning the PICV on and off.
pressure.
For optimal chiller efficiency, the use of cascade control is recommended.
Benefits
1 2 3
#
FIXED SPEED CHILLER
(# - STAGE)
R
CONTROL VALVE
F
CONTROLLER • The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV to set the
required flow.
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP
Considerations
FLOW LIMITING VALVE
• A minimum bypass flow controlled by a dynamic flow limiter is required
by the chiller to avoid freezing as they are running at full capacity when
switched on.

17
3.11
Variable Speed Chiller - Plant Room Function
with PICV control
The variable speed chillers are connected to the controller, which controls
the flow through each chiller by the PICV.
The controller measures the inlet and outlet temperatures to maximize
Delta T and regulate the variable speed pump to maintain the required
pump pressure.
For optimal chiller efficiency, the use of multiple chillers at lower capacity
or cascade control at part load shall be selected, depending on the chiller
design and control philosophy.
Benefits
R
CHILLER
F
CONTROL VALVE • Low total pressure loss in the system due to simple design.
CONTROLLER
• The flow can be set directly on the PICV without the need of a manometer
or a commissioning unit.
METERING STATION
• The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV to set the
PRIMARY PUMP required flow.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(INDOOR)
Considerations
• A metering station can be placed on main line if additional flow
• A minimum bypass flow can be required by the chiller to secure instant

cooling or circulation of chemicals in the system. This should be placed
at the most appropriate place in the system.
18
Heat Pump - Plant Room Function

3.12
with PICV control The heat pumps are connected to the controller through the valve actuator
which controls the flow through each heat pump using the PICV.
pressure.
For optimal heat pump efficiency, the use of either cascade or unison control
is recommended.
Benefits
• Simple installation as only the PICV is required with no need for additional
R
pressure or flow balancing valves.
HEAT PUMP
F
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT • The flow can be set directly on the PICV without the need of a manometer
CONTROL VALVE
or a commissioning unit.
CONTROLLER • The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV to set the
required flow.
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP Considerations

• A minimum bypass flow can be required by the heat pump to secure
instant heating or circulation of chemicals in the system. This should be
placed at the most appropriate place in the system.
19
Hot Water Tank Function

3.13
with PICV control The hot water temperature in the tank is controlled by a controller with
a temperature sensor placed in the tank. The valve is controlled by a
modulating actuator mounted directly on the PICV.
Benefits
• Simple installation.
HOT WATER TANK • The flow limiting feature of the PICV ensures a minimum Delta T for the
F
water heating up the tank.
CONTROLLER
• Legionella heating up cycles can be performed automatically.
R
CONTROL VALVE
Considerations
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP required by the witnessing authority.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR

20
3.14
Hot Water Tank Function
with PICV control and Self Acting Thermostat
The hot water temperature in the tank is controlled by a self-acting
thermostat with a remote sensor placed in a sensor pocket located in the
tank.
The self-acting thermostat is mounted directly on the PICV.
Benefits
• Simple installation with no need of any control system.
F
REMOTE SENSOR
• The flow limiting feature of the PICV ensures a minimum Delta T for the
water heating up the tank.
R
HOT WATER TANK
Considerations
CONTROL VALVE
WITH SELF ACTING • Legionella heating up cycles cannot be performed automatically.
THERMOSTAT
METERING STATION • A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is

PRIMARY PUMP
required by the witnessing authority.

21
Plate Heat Exchanger Function

3.15
with PICV control The primary function of the PICV is to control the water inlet temperature
on the secondary side.
To secure the water outlet temperature on the primary side a sensor is
placed here.
The balance and the full modulating control on the primary side is made by
the PICV with a modulating actuator.
When the controller calls for higher or lower temperature on the water inlet
on the secondary side, the PICV valve opens or closes to allow heating or
cooling water from the primary side to enter the plate heat exchanger. The
temperature on the secondary side then changes to the desired temperature.
PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Benefits
F • The PICV ensures balancing of the primary flow and eliminates the use
FLOW AND RETURN FLOW AND RETURN
PRIMARY SIDE SECONDARY SIDE of both static balancing valves and differential pressure control valves.
CONTROLLER
R
• Full modulation with an authority of 1 for the plate heat exchanger
CONTROL VALVE
control.
• Return temperature on the primary side is secured.
METERING STATION
SECONDARY PUMP
• Secondary pump is switched off when no demand.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(INDOOR)
Considerations
• Minimum differential pressure required for the PICV must be available
at design flow.

22
Radiator System Function

3.16
with differential pressure control The room temperature is controlled by the radiator valve on each radiator.
The balance of the system is handled by the pre-setting of the radiator valves
in conjunction with the pre-set differential pressure, controlled by the DPCV.
A DPCV controlling the differential pressure at every riser prevents from
noise in the system and allow the radiator valves to regulate and close when
required.
The temperature from the primary circuit is lowered to an optimal inlet
temperature at the secondary side, with a heat PICV injection circuit
connected to a controller.
The flow at the individual risers can be adjusted by the DPCV and verified on
RADIATOR (WITH VALVE) the metering station on each riser.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
CONTROL VALVE
Benefits
CONTROL VALVE • Prevents noise in the system.
CONTROLLER
• Provides good modulation for the radiator valves.
60˚C
30˚C
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• All sections will have a defined DP available.
70˚C
30˚C
(INDOOR)
TEMPERATURE SENSOR • With the correct radiator valve pre-setting, the flow will be controlled in
(OUTDOOR)
every part of the system.
F METERING STATION
• Low cost solution.

R PRIMARY PUMP
SECONDARY PUMP
PLEASE NOTE: TEMPERATURES ARE SHOWN FOR EXAMPLE ONLY Considerations
• If the radiator valves are without pre-setting or they are not set correctly,
the flow in the system will not be in balance.
Frese PV Compact Frese OPTIMA Compact

Differential Pressure Pressure Independent
Control Valve Control Valve
23
3.0 For Frese DYNAMIC valves Function
Radiator System The room temperature is controlled by the radiator valve on each radiator.
3.17
with DPCV and dynamic balancing The balance of the system is handled by the installation of a dynamic
balancing valve on each riser/branch, controlling the flow rate through this
section of the system. The dynamic balancing valve is a flow limiter that
prevents overflow in the part of the system controlled by the valve. This will
ensure that the design flow is always available in all parts of the system.
A DPCV controlling the differential pressure at each riser prevents from
noise in the system and allows the radiator valves to regulate and close
when required.
RADIATOR (WITH VALVE)
temperature at the secondary side, with a heat PICV injection circuit
connected to a controller.
FLOW LIMITING VALVE
EXTERNAL ADJUSTABLE
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
Benefits
CONTROL VALVE
• The flow rate through the dynamic balancing valve is independent of
CONTROL VALVE
the differential pressure across it.
• The flow can be set without the use of a manometer/commissioning
CONTROLLER
device.
60˚C
30˚C
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
• Only 1 dynamic balancing valve in series.
70˚C
30˚C
(INDOOR)
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(OUTDOOR) • If the system is expanded, it will not need to be rebalanced.
F METERING STATION
• No straight lengths of pipe before or after the dynamic balancing valve
R PRIMARY PUMP are required.
SECONDARY PUMP • Prevents noise in the system and provides good modulation to the
radiator valves.
• All sections will have a defined DP available.
Considerations
Frese PV-SIGMA Compact Frese OPTIMA Compact
• Higher cost from both DP control valve and dynamic balancing valve
DPCV & Dynamic Flow Pressure Independent
Limiting Valve Control Valve • A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is
24
Radiator System Function

3.18
with dynamic balancing The room temperature is controlled by the radiator valve on each radiator.
The balance of the system is handled by a dynamic balancing valve on each
riser/branch controlling the flow rate through this section of the system. The
dynamic balancing valve can also be installed at each apartment for a more
localised balancing
The dynamic balancing valve is a flow limiter that prevents overflow in the
part of the system controlled by the valve. This will ensure that the design flow
is always available in every part of the system.
temperature at the secondary side, with a PICV injection circuit connected to
RADIATOR (WITH VALVE) a controller.
FLOW LIMITING VALVE

EXTERNAL ADJUSTABLE
Benefits
CONTROL VALVE • The flow rate through the dynamic balancing valve is independent of the
differential pressure across it.
CONTROLLER
60˚C
30˚C
• The flow can be set without the use of a manometer/commissioning

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
device.
70˚C
30˚C
(INDOOR)
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(OUTDOOR) • Only 1 dynamic balancing valve in series.
F METERING STATION
• If the system is expanded, it will not need to be rebalanced.
R PRIMARY PUMP
• No straight lengths of pipe before or after the dynamic balancing valve
SECONDARY PUMP
are required.
Considerations
• Minimum differential pressure required for the dynamic balancing valve
Frese OPTIMA Compact must be available at design flow.
Frese SIGMA Compact
Pressure Independent • The differential pressure in the different sections of the system cannot be
Dynamic Flow Limiting Valve
Control Valve controlled.
25
Stand-alone Terminal Unit Function

3.19
with PICV control and Self Acting Thermostat The room temperature in different applications, such as Fan Coil Units,
Radiators and Trench Heaters, is controlled by a self-acting room thermostat.
The room thermostat has a remote sensor and can be directly connected to
the PICV.
Benefits
TERMINAL UNIT
F • The differential pressure only needs to be checked at the PICV placed at
CONTROL VALVE
R
ROOM THERMOSTAT Considerations

METERING STATION
at design flow.
PRIMARY PUMP

26
Stand-alone Terminal Unit Function

3.20
with PICV control The room temperature in different applications, such as Fan Coil Units,
Chilled Beams, Chilled Ceilings, Trench Heaters, is controlled by a room
controller.
The room controller has a built in temperature sensor and delivers an output
signal to the PICV actuator.
The control signal can either be modulating or on/off depending on the
system layout.
Benefits
TERMINAL UNIT
F PRESSURE INDEPENDENT • Low total pressure loss in the system due to simple design.
CONTROL VALVE
R CONTROLLER manometer or a commissioning unit.
METERING STATION
PRIMARY PUMP
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
(INDOOR) Considerations
at design flow.

27
Trench Heater Function

3.21
with PICV control The room temperature is controlled by a controller connected to the PICV
actuator.
The control can either be modulating or on/off depending on the system
layout.
Benefits
INDEX PICV
TRENCH HEATER
INDEX PRESSURE
INDEPENDENT CONTROL
VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
CONTROLLER Considerations
METERING STATION • A metering station can be placed on the branch if additional flow
PRIMARY PUMP verification is required by the witnessing authority.
F R
plugs on each valve.
28
Underfloor Heating Function

3.22
with PICV control - single circuit The room temperature is controlled by a room thermostat connected to the
PICV actuator. The temperature from the primary circuit is lowered by a heat
injection circuit down to a maximum of 30°C.
Due to the slow response time of an underfloor heating system, it is
normally controlled by a weather compensated room controller with an
outside sensor.
The control characteristic will normally be linear.
Benefits
UNDERFLOOR HEATING
PRESSURE INDEPENDENT • Simple installation as only the PICV is required with no need for
CONTROL VALVE
30˚C
25˚C
CONTROLLER
70˚C
25˚C
TEMPERATURE SENSOR • The flow can be set directly on the PICV without the need of a
(INDOOR)
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
F
(OUTDOOR)
R METERING STATION
Considerations
PRIMARY PUMP
• Minimum differential pressure required for the PICV must be
SECONDARY PUMP
available at design flow.


29
Types of Projects
Shopping
Malls
Sports Education
Please visit
www.frese.eu/
Commercial
Hotels Residential
HVAC
for more details
Buildings
30
Case Study
5.0 PICV energy savings - Canary Wharf, London a
Overview
We installed a DN65 pressure independent control valve on an air handling unit together with a
variety of sensors and data collection equipment to monitor the performance of the valve and the
associated air handling unit.
We were also able to compare the performance of the air handling unit with a pressure independent
control valves fitted to the same air handling unit with a conventional 2 port modulating control valve
fitted.
Findings
•
a
The off coil air temperature is controlled much more tightly by the pressure independent b
control valve compared to the conventional two port modulating valve
• With the relative flow control through the air handling unit when fitted with pressure
b
independent control valve or fitted with a conventional two port control valve. Again, the
amplitude and frequency of the oscillations are higher when the air handling unit is fitted with
a conventional two port modulating valve
• Compare the relative cooling output of the air handling unit when fitted with a pressure
c
independent control valve and two port modulating valve, we can see once again the power
output from the coil is much more stable when fitted with a pressure independent control valve
Conclusion
The actual energy saving was calculated using the pump affinity laws and the coil power output c
equation to compare the energy performance of the air handling unit when fitted with a pressure
independent control valve and a conventional two port modulating valve.
The results showed that when the system was fitted with a PICV, the same AHU can satisfy the same
cooling load with 35% less pump energy consumption and in increased ∆T.

35%
ENERGY
DN50 to DN200
SAV I N G
31
QUALITY MANUFACTURING CUSTOMER FOCUS
KNOWLEDGE INNOVATION
EXCELLENCE
www.frese.eu/hvac
Denmark - Main Office United Kingdom China Australia & New Zealand
Frese A/S Frese Ltd Frese Valves (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. Frese Asia Pacific
Tel: +45 58 56 00 00 Tel: +44 (0) 1704 896 012 Tel: +86 (21) 5110 3212 Tel: +61431 794 414
Germany Turkey Saudi Arabia South Africa

Frese Armaturen GmbH Frese Eurasia DIS TIC. LTD. STI. Frese Saudi Arabia Frese Asia Pacific
Tel: +49 (0)241 475 82 333 Tel: +90 216 580 93 60 Tel: +966 2 6608230 Tel: +61431 794 414

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QUALITY MANUFACTURING CUSTOMER FOCUS

AHU .................. Air Handling Unit

Cooling Systems Page 7

Typical Application Schematics Page 8

Air Handling Unit Fan Coil Unit Radiator System

Calorifier Fixed Speed Chiller - Plant Room Radiator System

Chilled Beams Variable Speed Chiller - Plant Room Radiator System

Chilled Ceilings Heat Pump - Plant Room Stand-alone Terminal Unit

with TRVs OR No presetting Presetting on

Dynamic or Static or Differential Differential Pressure

Dynamic or Static or Differential Differential Pressure

Frese OPTIMA Compact

AIR HANDLING UNIT

PRESSURE INDEPENDENT the coil, providing a precise temperature control.

Frese OPTIMA Compact

METERING STATION Considerations

TIMER • A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is

Frese OPTIMA Compact

CONTROLLER pressure across the valve.

FLOW LIMITING VALVE

Frese OPTIMA Compact Frese ALPHA

Circulation of Minimum Flow - System End Function

Frese OPTIMA Compact Frese ALPHA

Condensing Boiler - Plant room Function

• A metering station can be placed on the main line if additional flow

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Fan Coil Unit Application Function

• A metering station can be placed on the branch if additional flow

Frese OPTIMA Compact

• A minimum bypass flow can be required by the chiller to secure instant

Heat Pump - Plant Room Function

PRIMARY PUMP Considerations

Hot Water Tank Function

Frese OPTIMA Compact

METERING STATION • A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Plate Heat Exchanger Function

PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Radiator System Function

• Low cost solution.

Frese PV Compact Frese OPTIMA Compact

Radiator System Function

FLOW LIMITING VALVE

• The flow can be set without the use of a manometer/commissioning

Stand-alone Terminal Unit Function

ROOM THERMOSTAT Considerations

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Stand-alone Terminal Unit Function

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Trench Heater Function

Underfloor Heating Function

• A metering station can be installed if additional flow verification is

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Frese OPTIMA Compact

Germany Turkey Saudi Arabia South Africa

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