Electrical energy plays an important role in human activities.

It plays a
predominant role in urban areas, while in rural areas its use is much more
limited.
JIRAMA is one of Madagascar's key companies for sustainable development. Its
aim is to deliver energy, in the most reliable conditions, corresponding to the
demands of all its customers. It is therefore obliged to adopt techniques to
guarantee quality of service at all times. However, energy demand is highly
unpredictable, varying from hour to hour, day to day and at particular times of
the year. The distribution of single-phase loads between the three phase lines
is the major problem facing low-voltage distribution networks. This leads us to
the present study entitled: "LOAD BALANCING AND REDUCTION OF
ADDITIONAL LOSSES APPLIED TO THE CUR VONTOVORONA LV NETWORK".
The aim of this study is to offset or at least reduce these losses by redistributing
the loads at each node and/or then applying the HV capacitor compensation
method.
This work is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the general aspects
of electrical networks, imbalances and the losses they generate. The second
part will deal with the methodology, including the mathematical tools required
for load balancing and HV capacitor calculations.
An electrical network is a set of infrastructures that enable electrical energy to
be transported from production centers to consumers.
To satisfy the customer's needs for electrical energy, the electricity generating
company must ensure :
- Reliable supply of electrical energy. The networks interconnect all the
production units and are designed to provide a back-up function in the
event of breakdown or failure;
- Network operational safety, particularly with regard to voltage collapse;
- Compliance with contractual parameter ranges (voltage, frequency, etc.);
- Compliance with voltage ranges specific to different equipment;
- Minimization of losses, sensitivity to reactive power, and optimization of
maximum transmissible power;
- Reduce the failure rate through periodic maintenance and servicing;
- Prevent disturbances caused by one user from affecting others, by
selecting appropriate protection devices.
To meet these criteria, the structure and operation of the electrical network
must be well planned and organized.