21st Century Literature

Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

● Values and
Inspiration
Introduction to Literature

Two Major Types of Literature

★ Literature
Piece of printed work related to the
ideas and feelings of the people that ★ Prose
may be true or just a product of the Spoken or written language without
writer’s imagination. metrical regularity, natural flow of
speech and grammatical structure.
A collection of a written word of a
particular culture, language, or period Does not follow a strict structure of
in a history. rhyming or meter, just normal
grammatical structures.
★ Importance of Literature
❖ Novels
A. Adds Value Fictitious prose narrative of
● Reflection of Life. considerable length and
● Fuels the mind to complexity, portraying
think, imagine, and characters and usually
create. presenting a sequential
● Leads to greater organization of actions and
heights and scenes.
expanding horizons.
Novel is taken from the
B. Impacts Living Italian word Novella, from the
plural of latin “Nuvellus”
● Bible, Quran, and
meaning “New.”
Indian epics like
Ramanaya and
Ex.
Mahabharata provide
Noli Me Tangere
society with guiding
Mga Ibong Mandaragit
principles of Life.
The Da Vinci Code
● Strong connections
are established
Novel Novella
C. As Life’s Mirror
● See life through the Long narrative prose Longer than a short
which presents a story but shorter
eyes of others.
quite lengthy story than a novel
● Gain a new of a group of
perspective on living. fictional or

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21st Century Literature
Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

Events occurred as
imaginary
characters and a result of central
events conflict.
● Climax
Highest point of
❖ Short Story
interest of a story.
One event and no chapters
● Falling Action
at all. A type of story with a
Main character
fully developed theme.
begins to resolve the
conflict in the story.
Centered on a single main
● Resolution
incident and the aim is to
The conflict is
produce a single and
solved.
dominant impression.

4. Point of View
Ex.
Presents the idea of the
How My Brother Leon Brought
story.
Home A Wife

5. Conflict
★ Elements of A Short Story
The struggles or the
1. Setting
obstacles in the story.
A Place where the story
happens.
● Internal
2. Characters
Struggles within a
The portrayer of the story,
character’s mind or
Protagonist ( Bida ) &
heart.
Antagonist ( Kontrabida ).
3. Plot
Man vs. Man
Storyline ; Scheme of
Man vs. Heart
connected events happening
in the story.
● External
Struggles between
● Exposition
two characters.
Introduction,
where the
Man vs. Man
characters, settings,
Man vs. Nature
and conflict are
❖ Play
introduced.
Piece of creative work
● Rising Action
presented on stage and it is
usually divided into acts.

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21st Century Literature
Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

Ex.
Passion Play or Senakulo ❖ Biography
Being Objective. A branch
❖ Legend of literature, an account of
Story about famous people, someone's life written by
commonly religious in someone else.
character and frequently
posing problems of ❖ Auto-Biography
authenticity. Being Subjective. A literary
genre, an account of a
Ex. person’s life written by that or
Helen of Troy and The Trojan by another person.
War
Robin Hood and his Merry Men ❖ News
King Arthur and The Knights of Report of daily events in
The Round Table society, government, or in
science and industry.
❖ Fables
Animals or inanimate ● Fake News
objects that are given the Junk news or
mentality and speech of pseudo news.
human beings to point out
moral lessons. Type of yellow
journalism of
Ex. propaganda that
Aesop’s Fables consists of delicate
Ang Langgam at Ang Tipaklong disinformation or
hoaxes.
❖ Anecdote
Product of writer's ● Real News
imagination and has a moral Actual news, actual
lesson. word, genuine news,
factual news, and
❖ Essay legitimate news.
Short piece of nonfiction
dealing with a particular Presented by real
subject from a personal point news sources.
of view.
Real news is
Ex. Where’s The Patis by written by reporters.
Carmen Guerrero Nakpil

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21st Century Literature
Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

It is used to inform ➢ Epic : About the

the public and to Adventures of the
warn us about what’s Hero
happening.
Epic Hero
It can be verified Longer than life
or be verifiable. main characters.

❖ Oration Epic Conflicts

Piece of work relative to Hero’s struggles
speech whose aim is to arouse against obstacles.
the listener’s interest and
emotion. Heroic Quest
Hero takes search
Ex. of something that is
“I Have A Dream” by Martin vulnerable to his or
Luther King her people.
The Gettysburg Address by
Abraham Lincoln Divine Intervention
Hindrance that the
★ Poetry hero receives.
Words are strung together to form
sound, images, and ideas. ★ The Epic of Gilgamesh : The Oldest
piece of Literature
Rhyme and meter is a set of rules
governing the number and ★ What:
arrangement of syllables in each line. Tale of superhuman Sumerian King.
Gilgamesh’ painful search for
❖ Narrative Poetry everlasting life.
Also known as “Story
Poems” ★ When:
Written over 4,000 years ago
Modern narrative poems Discovered in 1839 by Archeologists
often have a very free rhythm
and no rhymes at all. ★ Where:
Ancient mesopotamia (Between 2
One main character tells a Rivers - Tigris and Euphrates) -
story that has a beginning, Current Day Iraq
middle, and ending.
All versions are found all over the
middle east.

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21st Century Literature
Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

which typically deals

★ How: with country love,
Inscribed in clay, which makes the knights, chivalric
text durable. deeds, errantry and
enchantments.
12 tablets (1-11: Gilgamesh’ Life ; 12:
Gilgamesh in nether world) ❖ Lyric Poetry
Most common type of
Many exact copies were made; poetry.
accuracy was crucial.
A short poem that is
➢ Ballad songlike.
Deals about death,
tragic event, and The most personal kind of
murder. poetry
Quatrains ( stanzas Can be any kind of
of four lines ) and reflection or revelation based
four beats to each on the author’s experiences.
line.
The most common subjects
➢ Metrical Tale are love and grief.
Narrative poem
which is written in ➢ Ode
verse that relates to Poem expressing
real or imaginary the writer's thoughts
events in simple, and feelings about a
straightforward particular person &
language, from a subject.
wide range of
subjects, characters, ➢ Elegy
life experiences, and Poem about life
emotional situations. and death.

➢ Metrical Romance Mourns the death

Described as of a loved one.
Chivalric Romance
and it doesn’t have to ➢ Sonnet
be consistent. Taken from an
Italian word,
Type of narrative “Sonetto” meaning
poem or verse story little songs.

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21st Century Literature
Lesson 1 & 1 Notes/ Intro to Literature, Prose, & Poetry Padayon!

A love poem which

mostly consists of 14
lines and has a
certain pattern of
rhyme and rhythm.

❖ Dramatic Poetry
English Playwright - William
Shakespeare

Tells stories like narrative

poetry, but in dialogues of
play rhymes, repeating
rhythms, and other poetic
elements.

One or more characters

speak. Allows the writer to
reveal characters directly
through dialogue.

★ Special Type of Poetry : Haiku

Uses a few words to capture the

audience.

Poetic form that originated in Japan

hundred of years ago and it continues
until today.

Talks about their appreciation of

tradition and their sensitivity when it
comes to nature.

❖ Haiku Formula:

Three Lines:
5 Syllables - Seasonal Word
7 Syllables - Cutting Word
5 Syllables