Enigmatic (adjective) ‫جو واضح نہ ہو‬

Difficult to interpret or understand mysterious.

Example: “he took the money with an enigmatic smile”
Synonyms: mysterious, puzzling, hard to understand, mystifying, inexplicable
Antonyms: straightforward

Purport (verb) ‫ مطلب‬،‫مفہوم‬

appear to be or do something, especially falsely.
Example: “she is not the person she purports to be”
Synonyms: claim, lay claim, profess, pretend, set oneself up (as)
Antonyms: exterior, exteriority, insignificance

Veracity (noun) ‫ راست گوئی‬،‫صداقت‬

conformity to facts; accuracy.
Example: “officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story”
Synonyms: truthfulness, truth, accuracy, accurateness, correctness
Antonyms: falsity

Vassal (noun) ‫ خدمت گزار‬،‫مزارع‬

a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.
Example:
Synonyms: villein, liege, liegeman, man, bondsman
Antonyms: freeman, lord

Arrogance (noun) ‫ تکبر‬،‫غرور‬

the quality of being arrogant.

Example: “the arrogance of this man is astounding”
Synonyms: haughtiness, conceit, hubris, self-importance, egotism
Antonyms: humility, modesty

Prerogative (noun) ‫ استحقاق‬،‫اختیار‬

a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
Example: “in some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the
rich”
Synonyms: entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, due
Antonyms: wrong, wrongness, improper, inaccurate

Profligacy (noun) ‫ اوباشی‬،‫عیاشی‬

reckless extravagance or wastefulness in the use of resources.

Example: “there is no conceivable justification for such fiscal profligacy”
Synonyms: extravagance, squandering, dissipation, immoderation
Antonyms: frugality, thrift, moderation, prudence

Condescend (verb) ‫ کرنا‬E‫تکبر‬

show that one feels superior; be patronizing.
Example: “take care not to condescend to your reader”
Synonyms: patronize, treat condescendingly, speak condescendingly to, speak haughtily to
Antonyms: respect

Repugnant (adjective) ‫ گھناﺅنا‬،‫سخت ناگوار‬

extremely distasteful; unacceptable.

Example: “cannibalism seems repugnant to us”
Synonyms: abhorrent, revolting, repulsive, repellent, disgusting
Antonyms: attractive, agreeable, pleasant

Excoriate (verb) ‫ کھال کھینچنا‬،‫جلد ادھیڑنا‬

damage or remove part of the surface of (the skin).
Example: “the discharge is acrid and excoriates the skin of the nose”
Synonyms: abrade, rub away, rub off, rub raw, scrape
Antonyms: praise, approve of
Theological (adjective) ‫علم دین‬

relating to the study of the nature of God and religious belief.

Example: “theological and pastoral training”
Synonyms: religious, scriptural, ecclesiastical, doctrinal, divine, holy, hierological
Antonyms: secular, non-religious, atheistic, irreligious

Vigilante (noun) ‫تحفظ امن کا رکن‬

a member of a self-appointed group of citizens who undertake law enforcement in their

Example: community without legal authority, typically because the legal agencies are
thought to be inadequate
Synonyms: avenger, vigilant defender, justice seeker, watcher, guardian
Antonyms: official, legal authority, judicial system

Immune (adjective) ‫قوت مدافعت‬

totally or partially resistant to a particular infectious disease or pathogen.

Example: “they were naturally immune to hepatitis B”
Synonyms: resistant, not subject, not liable, unsusceptible, not vulnerable
Antonyms: susceptible

Corrosive (adjective) ‫ گالنے واال‬،‫تباہ کن‬

tending to cause corrosion.

Example: “the corrosive effects of salt water”
Synonyms: caustic, corroding, eroding, erosive, abrasive
Antonyms: gentle, kind, nice, contributing

Coalesce (verb) ‫ مالنا‬،‫ ملنا‬،‫متحد‬

come together to form one mass or whole.
Example: “the puddles had coalesced into shallow streams”
Synonyms: unite, join together, combine, merge, fuse
Antonyms: divide, separate, detach, disconnect

Inheritor (noun) ‫ورثہ پانے واال‬

a person who inherits something; an heir.

Example: “we are the inheritors of these cultural traditions”
Synonyms: heir, heiress, legatee, recipient, receiver
Antonyms: giver, payer

Enchantment (noun) ‫ جادو کا عمل‬،‫گرم جوشی‬

a feeling of great pleasure; delight.

Example: “the enchantment of the mountains”
Synonyms: magic, witchcraft, sorcery, wizardry, necromancy, conjuration
Antonyms: repulsion, misery

Vigorous (adjective) ‫ ہٹا کٹا‬،‫ بھرپور‬،‫زبردست‬

strong, healthy, and full of energy.

Example: “a tall, vigorous, and muscular man”
Synonyms: robust, healthy, in good health, hale and hearty, strong
Antonyms: frail, weak

Subterfuge (noun) ‫ عذر‬،‫ حجت‬،‫حیلہ‬

deceit used in order to achieve one’s goal.

Example: “he had to use subterfuge and bluff on many occasions”
Synonyms: trickery, intrigue, deviousness, evasion, deceit, deception
Antonyms: honesty, openness

Iteration (noun) ‫ دہرانا‬، ‫اعادہ‬

the repetition of a process or utterance.

Example: “what is the use of this constant iteration of the same things?”
Synonyms: repetition, recurrence, replication, redo, reiteration
Antonyms: originality, novelty, innovation, creation
Counterpart (noun) ‫ ہم منصب‬،‫ہم مرتبہ‬
a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in
a different place or situation.
Example: “the minister held talks with his French counterpart”
Synonyms: equivalent, opposite number, peer, equal
Antonyms: unequal, differ, disagree

Prowess (noun) E‫ہنرمندی‬،‫ کاریگری‬،‫فن‬

skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.

Example: “his prowess as a fisherman”
Synonyms: skill, skilfulness, expertise, effectiveness, mastery
Antonyms: inability, ineptitude

Dynastic (adjective) ‫شاہی گھرانہ‬

relating to a line of hereditary rulers of a country.
Example: “the last dynastic rulers of Rome
Synonyms: hereditary, lineal, royal, monarchic, successional
Antonyms: republican, egalitarian, democratic

Espouse (verb) ‫ بیاہ کرنا‬،‫انتخاب کرنا‬

adopt or support (a cause, belief, or way of life).

Example: “she espoused the causes of justice and freedom for all”
Synonyms: adopt, embrace, take up, take to, take to one’s heart
Antonyms: reject, oppose

Culminate (verb) ‫ بلند ترین مقام‬،‫اختتام پذیر ہونا‬

reach a climax or point of highest development.

Example: “weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate”
Synonyms: come to a climax, come to a crescendo, come to a head, reach a finale
Antonyms: start, begin, peter out

Astute (adjective) ‫ ہوشیار‬،‫ دانشمند‬،‫ذی شعور‬

having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one’s
advantage.
Example: “an astute businessman”
Synonyms: shrewd, sharp, sharp-witted, razor-sharp, acute
Antonyms: stupid

Beseech (verb) ‫ منت کرنا‬،‫التجا کرنا‬

ask (someone) urgently and fervently to do something; implore; entreat.

Example: “they beseeched him to stay”
Synonyms: implore, beg, entreat, importune, plead with
Antonyms: answer, command, refuse

Evaporate (verb) ‫بھاپ ہوجانا‬

turn from liquid into vapour.

Example: “cook until most of the liquid has evaporated”
Synonyms: vaporize, become vapour, volatilize, dry up
Antonyms: condense

Hackle (noun) ‫ سن کی دھنکی‬،‫کچومر نکالنا‬

erectile hairs along an animal’s back, which rise when it is angry or alarmed.
Example: “the dog continued to growl, its hackles raised”
Synonyms: irritate, aggravate, annoy, exasperate, infuriate
Antonyms: pacify, soothe, calm, placate

Incline (verb) ‫ ڈھال‬،‫جھکنا‬

be favourably disposed towards or willing to do something.

Example: “he was inclined to accept the offer”
Synonyms: disposed, minded, of a mind, willing, ready, prepared
Antonyms: disinclined

Surfeit (noun) ‫ زیادگی‬،‫جی بھر کر دینا‬

an excessive amount of something.
Example: “a surfeit of food and drink”
Synonyms: excess, surplus, abundance, oversupply
Antonyms: lack, dearth

Susceptibility (noun) ‫ اثر پذیری‬،‫جذباتی‬

the state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example: “lack of exercise increases susceptibility to disease”
Synonyms: vulnerability, sensitivity, openness, defencelessness
Antonyms: immunity, resistance

Indigent (adjective) ‫ حاجت مند‬،‫مفلس‬

poor; needy.
Example: “a charity for the relief of indigent artists”
Synonyms: poor, impecunious, destitute, penniless
Antonyms: rich
Alleviate (verb) ‫شدت کم کرنا‬

make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.

Example: “he couldn’t prevent her pain, only alleviate it”
Synonyms: reduce, ease, relieve, take the edge off, deaden
Antonyms: aggravate

Dilapidated (adjective) ‫خستہ حال‬

(of a building or object) in a state of disrepair or ruin as a result of age or neglect.

Example: “old, dilapidated buildings”
Synonyms: run down, tumbledown, ramshackle, broken-down, in disrepair
Antonyms: smart, intact

Paramount (adjective) ‫ شان واال‬،‫سب سے برتر‬

more important than anything else; supreme.

Example: “the interests of the child are of paramount importance”
Synonyms: most important, of greatest importance, of prime importance
Antonyms: inferior, unimportant, last, least

Hoarse (adjective) ‫ بھرائی ہوئی آواز‬،‫گرفتہ‬

(of a person’s voice) sounding rough and harsh, typically as the result of a sore throat or of
shouting.
Example: “a hoarse whisper”
Synonyms: rough, harsh, croaky, croaking, throaty, gruff
Antonyms: mellow, soft

Outcry (noun) ‫ بلند آواز‬،‫ چیخ‬،‫شور‬

an exclamation or shout.
Example: “an outcry of spontaneous passion”
Synonyms: shout, exclamation, cry, yell, howl
Antonyms: indifference

Deliberation (noun) ‫ غور و فکر‬،‫مشاورت‬

long and careful consideration or discussion.

Example: “after much deliberation we arrived at a compromise”
Synonyms: thought, thinking, consideration, reflection
Antonyms: haste

Intertwine (verb) ‫ باندھنا‬،‫بل دینا‬

twist or twine together.
Example: “a net made of cotton intertwined with other natural fibres”
Synonyms: entwine, interweave, interlace, interthread
Antonyms: untangle, untwist, disconnect
Predatory (adjective) ‫ لوٹ مار کرنے واال‬،‫مفاد پرست‬
(of an animal) preying naturally on others.
Example: “predatory birds”
Synonyms: predacious, carnivorous, hunting, raptorial, ravening
Antonyms: unaggressive, confined, herbivorous

Intrinsic (adjective) ‫ پیدائشی‬،‫اصلی‬

belonging naturally; essential.

Example: “access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life”
Synonyms: inherent, innate, inborn, inbred, congenital
Antonyms: extrinsic, acquired

Ambiguity (noun) ‫ غیر واضح‬،‫ابہام‬

the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.

Example: “we can detect no ambiguity in this section of the Act”
Synonyms: ambivalence, equivocation, obscurity, vagueness
Antonyms: unambiguousness, transparency

Interim (noun) ‫ درمیانی عرصہ‬،‫عبوری‬

the intervening time.

Example: “in the interim I’ll just keep my fingers crossed”
Synonyms: meantime, meanwhile, intervening time, interval
Antonyms: permanent

Adherence (noun) E‫ وابستگی‬،‫ پیروی‬،‫پیروکاری‬

attachment or commitment to a person, cause, or belief.

Example: “a strict adherence to etiquette”
Synonyms: compliance, conformity, devotion, fidelity, loyalty
Antonyms: rebellion, defiance, disobedience

Protract (verb) ‫ طویل کرنا‬،‫ بڑھانا‬،‫طول دینا‬

prolong.
Example: “he had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process”
Synonyms: prolong, extend, extend the duration of, stretch out
Antonyms: curtail, shorten

Inadequate (adjective) ‫ تھوڑا‬،‫ناکافی‬

lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose.
Example: “these labels prove to be wholly inadequate”
Synonyms: insufficient, not enough, deficient, poor, scant
Antonyms: adequate, sufficient, competent

Unconscionable (adjective) ‫ بے اصول‬،‫بے ضمیر‬

not right or reasonable.

Example: “the unconscionable conduct of his son”
Synonyms: unethical, amoral, immoral, unprincipled
Antonyms: ethical, acceptable

Agony (noun) ‫ کرب‬،‫ تکلیف‬،‫اذیت‬

extreme physical or mental suffering.

Example: “he crashed to the ground in agony”
Synonyms: pain, hurt, suffering, torture, torment, anguish
Antonyms: contentment, happiness, joy, comfort

Callous (adjective) ‫ بےدرد‬،‫سخت‬

showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others.

Example: “his callous comments about the murder made me shiver”
Synonyms: heartless, unfeeling, uncaring, cold, cold-hearted
Antonyms: kind, compassionate

Apathy (noun) ‫ سردمہری‬،‫مردہ دلی‬

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
Example: “widespread apathy among students”
Synonyms: indifference, lack of interest, lack of enthusiasm, lack of concern
Antonyms: enthusiasm, interest, passion

Spacious (adjective) ‫ کشادہ‬،‫وسیع و عریض‬

(especially of a room or building) having ample space.

Example: “the hotel has a spacious lounge and TV room”
Synonyms: roomy, commodious, capacious, palatial
Antonyms: cramped, poky
Sanctuary (noun) ‫ مقدس مقام‬،‫پناہ گاہ‬

refuge or safety from pursuit, persecution, or other danger.

Example: “his sons took sanctuary in the church”
Synonyms: refuge, haven, harbour, port in a storm
Antonyms: insecurity, divest

Regurgitate (verb) E‫ پیچھے ہٹنا‬،‫اگل دینا‬

bring (swallowed food) up again to the mouth.

Example: “gulls regurgitate food for the chicks”
Synonyms: vomit, bring up, disgorge, regorge
Antonyms: keep down, dematerialize, dematerialise

Deliberate (adjective) ‫ سوچا سمجھا‬،‫غور و خوض کرنا‬

done consciously and intentionally.

Example: “a deliberate attempt to provoke conflict”
Synonyms: intentional, calculated, conscious, done on purpose, intended, planned, meant
Antonyms: accidental, unintentional

Renounce (verb) ‫ چھوڑنا‬،‫ دستبردار ہونا‬،‫استعفی دینا‬

ٰ

formally declare one’s abandonment of (a claim, right, or possession).

Example: “Isabella offered to renounce her son’s claim to the French Crown”
Synonyms: reject, refuse to abide by, refuse to recognize, repudiate
Antonyms: accept, abide by

Relinquish (verb) ‫ چھوڑنا‬،‫ترک کرنا‬

voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.

Example: “he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive”
Synonyms: renounce, give up, part with, give away, hand over, turn over, lay down, let go
of
Antonyms: keep, retain, continue

Unforeseen (adjective) ‫ غیر منتظر‬،‫غیر متوقع‬

not anticipated or predicted.

Example: “our insurance package enables you to protect yourself and your dependants
against unforeseen circumstances”
Synonyms: unpredicted, unexpected, unanticipated, unplanned, accidental, unlooked for,
unsought
Antonyms: expected, predictable
Calamity (noun) ‫ کم بختی‬،‫ سانحہ‬،‫آفت‬

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster.

Example: “emergency measures may be necessary in order to avert a calamity”
Synonyms: disaster, catastrophe, tragedy, cataclysm, devastating blow, crisis, adversity,
blight
Antonyms: godsend, blessing

Accumulate (verb) ‫جمع کرنا‬

gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of.

Example: “investigators have yet to accumulate enough evidence”
Synonyms: gather, collect, assemble, amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, run up
Antonyms: dissipate