Khairul’s Math Care

BCS Written Math Online Paid Course

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Topic: Set

1. n (U) = 80, n (A) = 40, n (B) = 50 n (A  B) = 20

n (A  B), n (A / B), n (Ac), n (Ac  Bc) n (AB)-


n(U) = 80, n(A)=40, n(B) = 50, (AB) = 20 n(U)=80
A B

n(A\B)
(i) n(AB) = n(A)+n(B)-n(AB) 40-20=20 n (B\A)
n(AB)
= 40 + 50 – 20 20 50-20=30
= 90 – 20
= 70
(ii) n(A\B) = n(A) – n(AB) n(A) = 40 n(B) = 50
= 40 – 20
= 20
(iii) n(A') = n(U) – n(A)
= 80 – 40
= 40
(iv) n(AcBc) = n [(aB)c
n(U) – n(AB)
= 80 – 70
= 10
(v) n(AB) = n(A\B) + n(B/A)
= 20 + 30
= 50

2. U = {3,5,6,7,9}, A = {x x 3 x 12}
/
A A
P(A A/) P(A A/)

 U = {3,5,6,7,9}
A= { x x, x 3 x  12
A = {3,6,9}
 A' = U – A
= {3,5,6,7,9} – {3,6,9}
= {5,7}
A  A' = {3,6,9}  {5,7}
= (3,5),(3,7),(6,5),(6,7),(9,5),(9,7)
 A  A' = {(3,5),(3,7),(6,5),(6,7),(9,5),(9,7)}

A = {3,6,9} A' = 5,7}

AA' = {3,6,9}{5,7} = {3,5,6,7,9}
A  A' = {}3,6,9}  {5,7} = 
n 2n
AA' = n=5
P (AA') " " " 25 = 32

A  A' n=0
P (AA') " " " 20 = 1
 P (AA') 32 P (AA') 1

3. A B 35 45 AB AB

A={1,5,7,35} B ={1,3,5,9,15,45}
 A B = {1,5,7,35} {1,3,5,9,15,45}
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 35, 45} (Ans).
A  B = {1,5,7,35}{1,3,5,9,15,45}
= {1,5} (Ans.)
 Roster method/ Set builder method
Table method/
A = {x:x,
A = {1,2,3}

(Subset):
Subset.
A = {a,b}
{a}, {b}, {a,b}, 

 Power set
2n = 2 2 = 4

(Proper Subset):

A = {a,b}
{a}, {b}, {a,b}, 
 {a}, {b}, 
2n -1= 22 -1= 4-1 = 3

A = {a,b}
P(A) = {{a}, {b}, {a,b}, }
2n = 2 2 = 4

(Universal Set):
‘U’

A = {1,2}, B= {2,3,4}
` U = {1,2,3,4}

(Complement of a set):
A
A AC/A / A . AC = A = A = U-A
 U = {1,2,3,4,5}
A = {2,3}
 AC = U-A = {1,2,3,4,5}-{2,3} = {1,4,5}
AC)C = A
UC = 
C = U

(Elements of a set):
A = {1,2,3,4,5}
 n(A) = 5
A =5

XA. X belongs to A
XA X belongs to A bar or A prime
XA
 XA
prime not belongs to

X(AB)
 X(AB)

4. (De Morgan’s laws):

U A B (A  B)/ = A/  B/
(A  B)/ = A/  B/

5. A, B, C
A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
 (Union of sets):
A B
AB, A+B
A = {1,2,3}, B={3,4,5}
AB = A+B = {1,2,3}  {3,4,5}
= {1,2,3,4,5}

(Intersection of sets):
A B
AB, AB
A = {1,2,3}, B= {3,4,5}
 AB = AB = {1,2,3}{3,4,5} = {3}

(Difference of set):
A B
(i) A-B, A/B, A-(AB), ABC
(ii) B-A, B/A, B-(AB), BAC

A= {1,2,3}, B={3,4,5}
A-B = A/B = {1,2,3}-{3,4,5} = {1,2}

(Symmetric Difference)
A B
AB, AB
AB = AB = (A-B)  (B-A)
= (AB) – (AB)
= (ABC)(BAC)
A = {1,2,3}, B={3,4,5}
 AB = AB = (AB) – (AB)
= {1,2,3,4,5}-{3}
= {1,2,4,5}

6.
{x  N : x2 > 9 x3 < 130}

 N=
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .......}
S = {x  N : x2  9 x3  130}
2
x=1 1 =1 5 x3 = 1  130
1  S
x=2 22 = 4 9 x3 = 8  130 2  S
x=3 32 = 9 9 x3 = 27  130 3S
x=4 42 = 16  9 x3 = 64  130 4  S
2
x=5 5 = 25  9 x3 = 125  130 5  S
x=6 62 = 36  9 x3 = 216 130 6  S
x = 4, 5
 = {4, 5}

7.
{x  N : x, 36 6

N=
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .......}
36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
6 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
36 6 6, 12, 18, 36
 x = 6, 12, 18, 36
 {6, 12, 18, 36}

8.
{x  N : x3 > 25 x4 < 264}

N=
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .......}
x=1 x3 = 1 25 x4 = 1  264 1  S
x=2 x3 = 8 25 x4 = 16  264 2  S
3 4
x=3 x = 27  25 x = 81  264 3  S
x=4 x3 = 64  25 x4 = 256  264 4  S
x=5 x3 = 125  25 x4 = 625 264 5  S
x=3 4  {3, 4}

9. A = , B = {a}, C = {a,b}

P(A) = {}
A = 1 = 20
P(B) = {{a},}
B 1 = 2 = 21
P(C) = {{a},{b},{a,b},}
B 2 = 4 = 22
n
2n
10. A = {a, b}, B = {a, b, c} C=AB P(C) 2n, n C


A = {a,b}
B = {a,b,c}
C=AB
= {a,b}  {a,b,c}
= {a,b,c}
 P(C) = {{a,b,c}, {a,b},{a,c},{b,c},{a},{b},{c},}
n 2n
n c
P(C) 2n
11. A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3, 4} P(A)  P(B) = P(A  B)

A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3, 4}
P(A) = {, {1},{2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3},{2, 3},{1, 2, 3}}
P(B) = {, {2},{3}, {4}, {2, 3}, {2, 4},{3, 4},{2, 3, 4}}
 P(A)  P(B) = {, {2},{3},{2, 3}}
A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3}
P(A  B) = {, {2},{3},{2, 3}}
P(A)  P(B) = P(A  B)

12. A = {a,b,c,d} P(A) 2n-1


1.2 11

P(A)
{,{a}, {b},{c},{d},{a,b},{a,c},{a,d},{b,c},{b,d},{c,d},{a,b,c},{a,b,d},{a,c,d},{b,c,d}} =
15
A n=4
n 4
2 -1 = 2 -1
= 16-1
= 15
 P(A) 2n-1

13. A m B n A B
112 m n

2m - 2n = 112 = 428 = 447 = 427
2m - 2n = 247
2m - 2n = 24(8-1)
2m - 2n = 24(23-1)
2m
2n( - 1) = 24(23-1)
2n
 2n(2m-n -1) = 24(23-1)

2 n = 24  n = 4 2m-n = 23  m-n = 3
 m = 3+n = 3+4 =7
m=7
m=7
n =4 Ans:

14. U = {1,2,3,4,5,6} A = {2,4,6} Ac |


, U = {1,2,3,4,5,6} A = {2,4,6}
Ac = A-
AC = U – A
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} – {2, 4, 6}
= {1, 3, 5}
= A-
= {1,3,5}
Ac = {1,3,5}

15. U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} B = {2,4,6} C = (2,3,4,5} i) C-B (ii) BC)



U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
B = {2,4,6}
C = {2,3,4,5}
i) C-B = {2,3,4,5} – {2,4,6}
= {3,5} (Ans:)
(ii) B = U-B
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} – {2,4,6}
= {1,3,5,7}
C = U-C
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} – {2,3,4,5}
= {1,6,7}
 B  C = {1,3,5,7}  {1,6,7}
= {1,3,5,6,7} (Ans:)

16. A = {1,2,4,8} B = (1,2,3,6} AB = (A-B)  (B-A)  (AB)



A = {1,2,4,8}
B = (1,2,3,6}
AB = {1,2,4,8}-(1,2,3,6}
= {1,2,3,4,6,8}
A-B = {1,2,4,8} – {1,2,3,6}
= {4,8}
B-A = {1,2,3,6} - {1,2,4,8}
= {3,6}
AB = {1,2,4,8}  {1,2,3,6}
 = {1,2}
(A-B)  (B-A)  (AB) = {4,8}  {3,6}  {1,2}
= {1,2,3,4,6,8}
 AB = (A-B)  (B-A)  (AB) (

17. A = {1,3,5,7,9}, B = {1,7,8} C = {2,3,5,8,10} AB)C



A = {1,3,5,7,9}
B = {1,7,8}
C = {2,3,5,8,10}

AB = {1,3,5,7,9}  {1,7,8}

= {1,3,5,7,8,9}
 AB)C = {1,3,5,7,8,9}  {2,3,5,8,10}
= {3,5,8} (Ans:)

18. U = {x : x  N; x  10}
x
A = {x : , x  N}
3
B = {x : x, 2 }

U
Ac
A  c c

Uc
c
AB
AB
A B

19. U = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

A = {x : x }
B = {x : 7  3x  25}
B
A  B/
A/  B
n (A  B/)
n (A/  B)
n (A/)

20. 30 n
U Ai = U Bi = S, Ai Bi 5 3
i=1 i=1
 ‘S’ Ai 10 Bi 6 n

Ai 30
 Ai 305 = 150

Bi n
 Bi n3

2
n(A1  A2  …….. A30) = n (B1  B2……Bn)
150 n  3
 =  6n = 150 n = 25 (Ans:)
10 5

21. AB) = {p,q,r,s} ; (AC) = {q,r,s,t}; (AB) = {q,r} (AC) = {q,s} A, B

C

AB = {q,r} (AC) = {q,s}
A q,r,s A
q, r B
q, s C ………..(i)

(AC) = {q,r,s,t}
i)
q,r,sA tA
q,s,t  c………..(ii)

(AB) = {p,q,r,s}
i)
q,r,sA p  A
p,q,r  B
(i),(ii),(iii)
A = {q,r,s,t}
B = {p,q,r} Ans:
C = {q,s,t}

22. A = {0,1} B = {1,2} AB BA



A = {0,1},
B = {1,2}
AB = {0,1}{1,2}
= {(0,1), (0,2), (1,1) (1,2)}. (Ans:)
BA = {1,2}{0,1}
= {(1,0), (1,1), (2,0), (2,1)}. (Ans:)
23. A = {a,b} B = {2,3} C = (3,4} A (BC) A (BC)


A = {a,b},
B = {2,3}
C = {3,4}
BC = {2,3}{3,4}
= {2,3,4}
BC = {2,3}{3,4}
= {3}
A (BC) = {a,b}  {2,3,4}
= {(a,2), (a,3), (a,4), (b,2), (b,3), (b,4)} (Ans:)
A (BC) = {a,b}  {3}
{(a,3), (b,3)} (Ans:)

24. A = {x,y}, B = {3,4,} C = (4,5} A (BC) A (BC)



A = {x,y}
B = {3,4,}
C = {,4,5}
BC = {3,4}  {4,5}
= {3,4,5}
A(BC) = {x,y}{3,4,5}
= {(x,3),(x,4},(x,5),(y,3),(y,4),(y,5)} (Ans:)
BC 3,4}  {4,5}
= {4}
A(BC) = {x,y}  {4}
= {(x,4),(y,4)} (Ans:)

25. (x – 1, y + 2) = (y – 2, 2x + 1) x y
2 2
ax-cy,a -c ) = (0, ay - cx) x, y) (c, a)
6x-y,13) = (1,3x+2y) x,y) (1, 6)


(x – 1, y + 2) = (y – 2, 2x + 1)

x – 1, = y – 2 x-y = -1 ----- (i)

y + 2=2x + 1 2x-y = 1----- (ii)
(ii) (i) x=2
x i 2-y = -1 y = 3

x=2 y=3
26. P = {a}, Q = {b, c} PQ QP

P = {a}, Q = {b, c}
P  Q = {a}  {b, c}
= {(a, b),{a, c)}
Q  P = {b, c}{a}
= {(b, a), (c, a)}
A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {4,5,6} C = {x,y} (AB)C
 A = {3, 4, 5}
B = {4, 5, 6}
C = {x, y}
A  B = {3, 4, 5}  {4, 5, 6}
= {4, 5}
(A  B)  C = {4, 5}  {x, y}
= {(4, x), (4, y), (5, x), (5, y)}

P = {3,5,7}, Q = {5,7} R=P\Q (PQ)  R


P = {3, 5 ,7}
Q = {5, 7}
R = P\Q
 R = {3, 5 ,7} \ {5, 7}
P  Q = {3, 5 ,7}  {5, 7}
= {3, 5 ,7}
(P  Q)R = {3, 5 ,7}{3}
= {(3, 3), (5, 3), (7, 3)}

27.

346 556 31 31
(346-31) = 315 (556-31)= 525
315 525
31 315 A
31 525 B
A = {35,105,315}
 B = { 35,75,105,175,525}
AB
= {35,105,315}  { 35,75,105,175,525}
= { 35, 105}
= {35,105} (Ans)

28. A = {x : 2  x  5, x  R} B = {x : 1  x  3, x  R} C = {2, 4, 5}
set notation
(a) A  B (b) A/  B/ (c) A/  B

A = {x : 2  x  5, x  R}
 B = {x : 1  x  3, x  R}
C = {2, 4, 5}
A  B = {x : 2  x  5, x  R}  {x : 1  x  3, x  R}
= {x : 2  x  3, x  R}
U=R
A  B = {x : 2  x  5, x  R}  {x : 1  x  3, x  R}
= {x: 1  x  5, x  R}
A/  B/ = (A  B)/
= U – (A  B)
= R – {x : 1  x  5, x  R}
= {x : x  1 x  5, x  R}

U=R
/
A = R – {x : 2  x  5, x  R}
= {x : x  2 x  5, x  R}
B = {x : 1  x  3, x  R}
 A/  B = {x : x  x  5, x  R}  {x : 1  x  3, x  R}
= {x : x  3 x  5, x  R}


29. U = {x : x  10, x  R}, A = {x : 1  x  4, x  R} B = {x: 3  x  6}.

(a) A  B (b) A/  B (c) A/  B (d) A/  B/


30. A = {x: x  R x2 – (a + b)x + ab = 0}
B = {1, 2} {2, 4, 5}
A
P(B  C) =P(B)  P(C)
A(B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)

Cardinality of set

(Addition Theorem):
(i) n (AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB)
A B

L.H.S. = n(AB)
= n(AB )+n(BA n(AB)
= n(A)-n(AB)+n(B)-n(AB)+n(AB)
= n(A)+n(B)-n(AB)
=R.H.S.
 L.H.S. =R.H.S.

(ii) n(ABC) = n(A)+n(B)+n(C)-n(AB)-n(BC)-n(AC)+n(ABC)

 A B

L.H.S. = n(ABC)
= n(AB C )+n(B C  A n(C A B )
+n(AB C )+n(AC B )+n(BC A +n(AB C)

= n(A)-n(AB)+n(B)-n(AB)+n(AB)
= n(A)+n(B)-n(AB)
=R.H.S.
 L.H.S. =R.H.S.

31. U = {x, x }, A = {x: x  5} B = {x: 5x  12} n(A  B) n(A/  B)


U = {x : x }

A=
B=

32. U = {x, x }, A = {x: 3x  25} B = {x: 5x  12} n(A  B)

n(A/  B/)

U = {x, x }
U = {..., - 8, - 6, - 4, - 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, … … …}
A = {x: 3x  25}
A = {10, 12, 14, 16… ...}
B = {x: 5x  12}
B = {… ...-2, 0, 2}

(A  B) = {10, 12, 14, 16… ...}  {… ...-2, 0, 2} = {}

 n(A  B) = 0

A/ = U\A = {...,..., - 8, - 6, - 4, - 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, … … …} - {10, 12, 14, 16… ...}

= {...,..., - 4, - 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, }

B/ = U\B = {...,..., - 8, - 6, - 4, - 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, … … …} -{… ...-2, 0, 2}

 = {4, 6, 8, …, …, …}
 (A/  B/) = {...,..., - 4, - 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, }{4, 6, 8, …, …, …} = {4, 6, 8}
 n(A/  B/) = 3

33. A B n(A) = n(B);

(a) x U
(b) n(AB) A B
(c) n(B\ A)
 (a) 3x x 2x+8
n(A) = n(B)
3x + x = x + 2x + 8
 4x = 3x + 8  4x - 3x = 8 x = 8
 (b)
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A  B)
= 3x + x + x + 2x + 8 – x
= 6x + 8
=68+8[ x=8 ]
= 48 + 8 = 56
 (c)
n(B \ A) = 2x + 8
=28+8 [ x = 8]
= 16 + 8 = 24

34. U A, B, C
(a) n(A  B) = n(B  C) x
(b) n(B  C/) = n(A/  C) y
(c) n(U)

U
A B C
n(A  B) = n(B  C)
x=4 [ ]
x=4 8 x 6 4 y


n(B  C/) = n(A/  C)
x+6=4+y [ ]
4+6-4=y [ x=4 ]
y = 6


n(U) = 8 + x + 6 + 4 + y [ ]
=8+4+6+4+6 [x = 4 y = 6]
= 28

35. A, B, C U=ABC
(a) n(U) = 50 x
A B
x+1 x-1
2x
3
2 0

x+5
 (b) n(B  C/) n(A/  B)
(c) n(A  B  C/)

n(U) = 50

n(U) = 2x + x + 1 + x – 1 + 2 + 3 + 0 + x + 5 = 5x + 10
 5x + 10 = 50
 5x = 50 – 10  5x = 50 – 10  5x = 40  x = 8


n(B  C/) = x + 1 + x – 1
= 2x = 2  8 [ x = 8]
= 16
n(A/  B) = x – 1 + 0 = x – 1 = 8 – 1 = 7


n(A  B  C/) = x + 1 [ ]
=8+1=9
n(A  B  C/) = 9

36. n(A-B) = 10 n(AB) = 15 n(A)

n(A-B) = n(A)-n(AB)
10 = n(A)-15
n(A) =25 Ans:

37. n(A) = 40, n(AB) = 20 n(AB) = 50 n(B)

n(AB) = n(AB) – n(AB)

n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) - 2 n(AB)
50 = 40 + n(B) - 220
n(B) = 50 (Ans:)

38. A B n(A-B) = 8+2x, n(B-A) = 6x n(AB) = x n(A) = n(B)

n(AB)

n(A-B) = 8+2x
n(A) = n(B) n(A)-n(AB) = 8+2x
 8+3x = 7x n(A)= 8+2x+x
 4x = 8  n(A) = 8+3x
x=2 (Ans:)
n(B) = 7x

39. A B n(A) = 115, n(B) = 326 n(A-B) = 47 n(AB)

n(A) = 115
n(B) = 326
n(A-B) = 47
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB) n(A-B) = 47
= 115+326-68 n(A)-n(AB) = 47
= 373 (Ans:) 115-n(AB) = 47
n(AB) = 68 40.
n(
A)
=5 n(B) = 10 n(AB) (a) n(U) = 8
(b) n(U) = 20

a
n(U) n(A) + n(B) = 5+10 = 15
n(U) = 8
7
 n(AB) min = 7 Ans:
n(AB) max =
5 Ans:

B
n(U) = n(A) + n(B) = 5+10=15
n(U) = 20
n(U)
 n(AB) min = 0
n(AB) max = 5

[ ]
n(A) + n(B)  n (U) minimum n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(U)
n(A) + n(B)  n (U) minimum n(AB) = 0