Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

Illustrative Problems
1. Classify each of the structures shown as externally unstable,
statically determinate, or statically indeterminate. If the
structure is statically indeterminate externally, then
determine the degree of external indeterminacy.

Solution:
(a) Internally Unstable
𝑟=3
𝑒𝑐 = 1
3 + 𝑒𝑐 = 4
𝑟 < 3 + 𝑒𝑐
Statically unstable externally Ans.
(b) Internally Unstable
𝑟=4
𝑒𝑐 = 1
3 + 𝑒𝑐 = 4
𝑟 = 3 + 𝑒𝑐
Statically Determinate Ans.

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

Solution: 2. Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam

shown.
(c) Internally Unstable
𝑟=4
𝑒𝑐 = 2
3 + 𝑒𝑐 = 5
𝑟 < 3 + 𝑒𝑐
Statically unstable externally Ans.
(d) Internally Unstable Solution:
𝑟=4
𝑒𝑐 = 1 [FBD] 5𝑘
80/3 ft
3 + 𝑒𝑐 = 4
𝑟 = 3 + 𝑒𝑐 60 𝑘 15 ft
30 𝑘
1 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
Statically determinate Ans.
2 𝑘/𝑓𝑡
60 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡
𝐵𝑥
𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦

10 ft 20 ft 10 ft
Divide the distributed loading into two components - triangular
and rectangular loadings. Calculate for the resultant of the
distributed loads and its location with respect to point B.
80
𝑅𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎 = 0.5 1 10 = 5 𝑘 ; 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵
3
𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 2 30 = 60 𝑘 ; 15 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0 3. The bulkhead AD is subjected to both water and soil-

backfill pressures. Assuming AD is “pinned” to the ground
𝐵𝑥 = 0 Ans. at A, determine the horizontal and vertical reactions there
and also the required tension in the ground anchor BC
+ 𝛴𝑀𝐵 = 0 necessary for equilibrium. The bulkhead has a mass of 800
kg.
𝐴𝑦 20 𝑓𝑡 + 60 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 + 30 𝑘 10𝑓𝑡
2
= (60 𝑘) 15𝑓𝑡 + (5 𝑘) 20 + 10
3

𝐴𝑦 = 33.67 𝑘 Ans.

𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 = 30 𝑘 + 60 𝑘 + 5 𝑘
33.67 𝑘 + 𝐵𝑦 = 95 𝑘

𝐵𝑦 = 61.33 𝑘 Ans. Solution:

Calculate for the resultant of the distributed loads and its
location with respect to point A (bottom of bulkhead).
13
𝑅1 = 0.5 310 6.5 = 1007.5 𝑘𝑁 ; 𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴
6
4
𝑅2 = (0.5) 118 4 = 236 𝑘𝑁 ; 𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴
3
Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

[FBD] + 𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 0

𝐷 13 4
0.5 m
𝐹 6𝑚 = 1007.5𝑘𝑁 𝑚 − 236𝑘𝑁 𝑚
6 3
𝐵
𝐶 𝐹
𝑊 𝐹 = 311.375 𝑘𝑁 Ans.

6m
𝑅1 = 1007.5 𝑘𝑁
4m 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑅2 = 236 𝑘𝑁
13/6 m 𝐴𝑥 + 236 𝑘𝑁 + 𝐹 = 1007.5 𝑘𝑁
4/3 m
𝐴𝑥 = 1007.5 𝑘𝑁 − 236 𝑘𝑁 − 311.375 𝑘𝑁
118 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 310 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐴𝑥
𝐴𝑦
𝐴𝑥 = 460.125 𝑘𝑁 Ans.

Calculate for the weight of the bulkhead.

𝑚
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 = 800 𝑘𝑔 9.81 = 7.848 𝑘𝑁
𝑠2

𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = 𝑊 = 7.848 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑦 = 7.848 𝑘𝑁 Ans.

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

4. Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam [FBD] 320 𝑘𝑁
40 𝑘𝑁
shown.
8/3 m 4m
40 𝑘𝑁
40/3 m
20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑂

5m

100 𝑘𝑁

5m
Solution:
Divide the distributed loading into three components - two
triangular and one rectangular loadings. Calculate for the 𝐴𝑦
𝐴𝑥
𝐵𝑦
𝐵𝑥
resultant of the distributed loads and its location with respect to
point A.
4m 6m 6m 4m
8 + 𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑅𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎1 = 0.5 20 4 = 40 𝑘𝑁 ; 𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴
3
𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 20 16 = 320 𝑘𝑁 ; 4 𝑚 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 40
100𝑘𝑁 5𝑚 + 320𝑘𝑁 4𝑚 + 40𝑘𝑁 𝑚 −
40 3
𝑅𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎2 = 0.5 20 4 = 40 𝑘𝑁 ; 𝑚 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 8
3 40𝑘𝑁 𝑚 = (𝐵𝑦 )(12𝑚) ; 𝐵𝑦 = 183.89 𝑘𝑁 Ans.
3

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

40 𝑘𝑁
+ 𝛴𝑀𝑜 = 0 5. The weight of a 5-m-long trolley, moving at a constant
speed on a beam bridge, is modeled as a moving uniformly
22/3 m 𝐵𝑥 10𝑚 + 120𝑘𝑁 3𝑚 distributed load, as shown in the figure below. Determine
22 the expressions for the vertical reactions at the supports in
120 𝑘𝑁 + 40𝑘𝑁 𝑚 terms of the position of the trolley as measured by the
3
distance x, and plot the graphs showing the variations of
3m = (183.89𝑘𝑁)(6𝑚) these reactions as functions of x.
𝐵𝑥 = 45 𝑘𝑁 Ans.
20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑂
𝑂𝑥
𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0(consider the whole structure)
𝑂𝑦 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 = 100 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑥 = 100 𝑘𝑁 − 45 𝑘𝑁
10 m
𝐴𝑥 = 55 𝑘𝑁 Ans.

Solution:
𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0 (consider the whole structure) By inspection, the vertical reactions can be expressed in
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 terms of distance 𝑥 from point A with the following
𝐵𝑥 conditions:
183.89 𝑘𝑁 = 𝐵𝑦 = 320 𝑘𝑁 + 40 𝑘𝑁 + 40 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑦 = 400 𝑘𝑁 − 183.89 𝑘𝑁 1) when 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20 ; where 𝑥 is in meters
6m 4m
𝐴𝑦 = 216.11 𝑘𝑁 Ans. 2) when 20 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 25 ; where 𝑥 is in meters

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

[FBD] For 20 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 25 :
x 25 - x

x 5m + 𝛴𝑀𝐵 = 0
10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1
𝐴𝑦 25 = 10 25 − 𝑥 25 − 𝑥
2

𝐴𝑥 22.5 - x 25 − 𝑥 2
𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦 𝐴𝑦 = 𝑘𝑁
5 Ans.

25 m 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
For 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20 : 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 = 10 25 − 𝑥
25 − 𝑥 2
+ 𝛴𝑀𝐵 = 0 𝐵𝑦 = 10 25 − 𝑥 −
5
25 − 𝑥
𝐴𝑦 25 = (10) 5 (22.5 − 𝑥) 𝐵𝑦 = 50 − 25 − 𝑥
5
𝐴𝑦 = 45 − 2𝑥 𝑘𝑁 Ans. (25 − 𝑥)(25 + 𝑥)
𝐵𝑦 =
5
𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
(625 − 𝑥 2 )
𝐵𝑦 = 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 = 10 5 5 Ans.
𝐵𝑦 = 50 − (45 − 2𝑥)
𝐵𝑦 = (5 + 2𝑥) 𝑘𝑁 Ans.

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1
 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures CE 314 - Structural Theory

Plotting the graph of vertical reaction at A (𝐴𝑦 ), we have. Plotting the graph of vertical reaction at B (𝐵𝑦 ), we have.

Excerpts from: Kassimali, A., Structural Analysis, 5th Ed, ©2015 Prepared by: Joseph L. Dumangas, RCE, RMP, ME-1