Groups (aka Families) of the Periodic Table

Metals/ # of Valence Physical Properties Chemical Properties Element Uses in Life

Non Metals/ Electrons in its Examples
Metalloids outer shell
Alkali Metals 1 valence electron Lustre, high thermal Alkali metals are highly Lithium, Sodium is used to
(Group 1)
and electrical reactive, because they sodium, add taste to food

Metals conductivity, readily lose their only potassium, etc.

ductility, and outermost electron to rubidium,

malleability. form cations with charge cesium, and

+1. (Most reactive group francium

on this chart)
Alkaline Earth Metals 2 valence electrons Lustre, high Alkaline earth metals are Magnesium, Laptops, car seats,
(Group 2)
electrical highly reactive, because strontium, luggages,

Metals conductivity, they give up there two calcium, cameras, and even

valence electrons, to barium, power tools are

achieve a full outer beryllium, and made out of

energy level.(Second radium magnesium etc.

most reactive group on

this chart)
Halogens 7 valence electrons Low melting point, Halogens have high Iodine, Chlorine is used to
(Group 7b)
low boiling point reactivity, because of high bromine, treat swimming

Non-metal electronegativity, and high fluorine, pools, and to make

effective nuclear charge. chlorine, drinking water safe

(second least reactive astatine, etc.

group on this chart) tennessine

Nobel Gasses 8 valence electrons Colorless, They have very low Argon, neon, Helium is used for
(Group 8b)
odourless, reactivity, because they helium, medicine, scientific

Non metal tasteless, and have the full 8 valence xenon, research,

nonflammable electron shell. They are krypton, refrigeration, gas

stable, and it’s very radon, for aircraft, and arc

unlikely for them to bond. oganesson welding etc.

(the least reactive group

on this chart)