Structural Calculation of Zone T1 Rev.1 - 2nd Sub

MINMETALS CONDO
(HONGKONG) ENGINEERING
COMPANY LIMITED
STRUCTURAL CACULATION
OF
UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL(FS1)
FOR
PROPOSED HOTEL DEVELOPMENT AT
CHINA RESOURCES HEADQUARTER, HONGKONG.
Submission No. : 2nd

2nd Submission:21/09/2016
Revision 1
Job :Proposed Hotel Development at
China Resource Headquarter, HongKong. Revision 1
Item :FS1
Content: Page
Section 1 Introduction 1
Section 2 Codes and Standards 2
Section 3 Design Data Used 3-7
Section 4 Design Loading 8-9
Section 5 Glass Calculation 10-34
Section 6 Structural Analysis of Mullion and Transom 35-67
Section 7 Structural Analysis of Mullion（A1) 68-91
Section 8 AlumCladding Calculation 92-103
Section 9 Connection Calculation 104-115
Section 10 Verification of Stack Joint Sleeve 116-118
Section 11 Structural Analysis of Embeddment 119-144
Section 12 Connection Calculation(A1) 145-156
Section 13 Structural Analysis of Embeddment(A1) 157-161
Appendix1 Displacement of Mullion（A2）

Item :FS1
Appendix2 Displacement of Mullion（AE132）
Appendix3 Displacement of Mullion（AE134）

Item :FS1
Secton 1 Introduction
Structural calculation hypothesis:
This article is for tower structural calculation of Proposed Hotel Development at China Resource Headquarter,HongKong.
Including glass pannels,sealant,mullions,transoms,alum. sheets,alum. framing and their connections. Structural analysis
of wind load and dead weight are carried out to structure with design limiting conditions. Loads shall be as calculated in
accordance with the requirementd of Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011 and Code of Pr actice on Wind
Effects in Hong Kong 2004. Check glass pannels with refer to ASTM E1300-12aε1,Check alum. keels with refer to BS
8118, Check steel keels with refer to Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011.
Load transmission path:
i) External Load -->> Glass Panel -->> Strutural Sealant -->> Transom -->> Self-tapping Screw -->> Mullion -->>
M12X40 Bolts -->> Aluminium Angle -->> Aluminium Serrated Plate -->>M12X55 Bolts -->> Aluminium Serrated
Bracket -->> HBC-C-N 8.8F,M16X60 Bolt -->> Embedment -->> Concrete main structure
ii) External Load -->> Aluminium Sheet -->> Aluminium Framing -->> Transom -->> Self-tapping Screw -->> Mullion
-->> M12X40 Bolts -->> Aluminium Angle -->> Aluminium Serrated Plate -->>M12X55 Bolts -->> Aluminium Serrated
Bracket -->> HBC-C-N 8.8F,M16X60 Bolt -->> Embedment -->> Concrete main structure
2016/9/21 Page 1
Item :FS1
Secton 2 Codes and Standards

2.1. Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011;
2.2 Explanatory Materials to Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011;
2.3 Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011;
2.4 Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004;
2.5 Explanatory Materials to the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004;
2.6 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013;
2.7. BS8118: Structur al Use of Aluminium,1991 ;
2.5 ASTM E1300-12aε1: Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings;
2.6 BS3506: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless Steel Fasteners,2009;
2016/9/21 Page 2
Item :FS1
Secton 3 Design Data Used

3.1. For the Use of Steel:
Materia factor for Steel Element： γm_st := 1.0
Design data of the Steel alloy to Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011 )
General Physical Properties:
−2
(1) Modulus of Elasticity: E st := 205000N⋅ mm
(2) Poisson's Ratio: νst := 0.30

E st −2
(3) Modulus of Shear: Gst := N⋅ mm
(
2 1 + νst )
−3
(4) Density of the Steel: ρst := 77.0kN⋅ m
−6 −1
(5) Coefficient of Linear Expansion: αst := 14⋅ 10 K
For the Use of Steel designation: Grade S275
(1) Ultimate Tensile Strength: fu_275 := 430MPa
(2) Min.Yield Stress in Tension: fy_275 := 275MPa
−1
(3) Design Strength for Bending: py_275 := fy_275⋅ γm_st = 275⋅ MPa
py_275
(4) Design Strength for Shear: fq_275 := = 158.771⋅ MPa
3
(Thickness less than 16mm)
3.2. For the Use of Aluminum:
Materia factor for Alum. Element： γm_al := 1.2
Design data of the Aluminium alloy to the BS8118:<Structural Use of Aluminium,1991>.
General Physical Properties:
(1). Modulus of Elasticity: E al := 70000MPa
(2). Modulus of Shear: Gal := 26600MPa
−3
(3). Density: ρal := 27.2kN⋅ m
−6 −1
(4). Coefficient of Linear Expansion: αal := 23⋅ 10 ⋅K
(5). Poisson's Ratio: νal := 0.3
2016/9/21 Page 3
Item :FS1
3.2.1. For the Use of 6063-T5 Aluminum Alloy
(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_T5 := 110MPa
(2).Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_T5 := 150MPa
−1
(3).Design Strength for Tensile, Compressure and Bending: po_T5 := f0.2_T5⋅ γm_al = 91.667⋅ MPa
−1
(4).Design Strength for Shear: pv_T5 := 65MPa⋅ γm_al = 54.167⋅ MPa
3.2.2.For the Use of 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy:
(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_T6 := 160MPa
(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_T6 := 175MPa
−1
(3). Design Strength for Tensile, Compressure and Bending: po_T6 := f0.2_T6⋅ γm_al = 133.333⋅ MPa
−1
(4). Design Strength for Shear: pv_T6 := 95MPa⋅ γm_al = 79.167⋅ MPa
3.2.3.For the Use of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy:
(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_1T6 := 240MPa
(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_1T6 := 260MPa
−1
(3). Design Strength for Tensile, Compressure and Bending: po_1T6 := f 0.2_1T6⋅ γm_al = 200⋅ MPa
−1
(4). Design Strength for Shear: pv_1T6 := 145MPa⋅ γm_al = 120.833⋅ MPa
3.2.4.For the Use of 3003-H14 Aluminum Alloy:
(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_H14 := 125MPa
(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_H14 := 135MPa
−1
(3). Design Strength for Tensile, Compressure and Bending: po_H14 := f0.2_H14⋅ γm_al = 104.167⋅ MPa
−1
(4). Design Strength for Shear: pv_H14 := 75MPa⋅ γm_al = 62.5⋅ MPa
2016/9/21 Page 4
Item :FS1
3.3. For the Use of Glass:
−6 −1
(1). Coefficient of Linear Expansion: αg := 8.5 ⋅ 10 ⋅K
−3
(2). Density of Glass: ρg := 26kN⋅ m
(3). Poisson's Ratio: νg := 0.2
(4). Modulus of Elasticity: E g := 71700MPa
(5). Design Strength: pgl_T := 50MPa (For Tempered Glass)
3.4. For the Use of Bolts:
3.4.1. Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Bolt & Screw (BS EN ISO 3506)
Yield Stress of Grade 50 Stainless Steel Is 210 N/mm2. The Tensile Ultimate Stress Is 500 N/mm2)
(1) Yield Stress in Tension: py_50 := 210MPa
(2) Guaranteed or Min. Tensile Strength: fu_50 := 500MPa
(3) Design Strength for Tension: pt_50 := 175MPa
(4) Design Strength for Shear: pq_50 := 145MPa
(5) Design Bearing Strength: pb_50 := 497MPa
Yield Stress of Grade 70 Stainless Steel Is 450 N/mm2. The Ultimate Tensile Stress Is 700 N/mm2
(1) Yield Stress in Tension: py_70 := 450MPa
(2) Guaranteed or Min. Tensile Strength: fu_70 := 700MPa
(4) Design Strength for Shear: pq_70 := 311MPa
(5) Design Bearing Strength: pb_70 := 805MPa
3.4.2. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Screw
Yield Stress of Grade 4.8 Carbon Steel Is 320 N/mm2. The Ultimate Tensile Stress Is 400 N/mm2
(2) Design Strength for Shear: pv_48 := 320MPa
2016/9/21 Page 5
Item :FS1
3.4.3. Effective Cross Area of Bolts:
Nominal Dia. Pitch of Rough Thread Nominal Area Effective Area
2 2
M4 d4 := 4mm P4_r := 0.7mm A4s := 12.6mm A4t := 8.78mm
2 2
2 2
M6 d6 := 6mm P6_r := 1mm A6s := 28.3mm A6t := 20.1mm
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
M14 d14 := 14mm P14_r := 2mm A14s := 153.9mm A14t := 115mm
2 2
M16 d16 := 16mm P16_r := 2mm A16s := 201.1mm A16t := 156.7mm
2 2
2.4. For the Use of Concrete:
Design Data of the <<Code of Practice for Structural use of Concrete>>, 2013
For the Design of Concrete Work:
Partial Load Factor For Wind Load: γWL_con := 1.4
Partial Load Factor For Dead Load: γDL_con := 1.4
Partial Load Factor For Imposed Load: γIL_con := 1.6
Material Factor of Concrete in Flexure or Axial Load: γm_con := 1.5
Material Factor of Bond Strength: γm_bond := 1.4
(1) Concrete Strength Grade (Min.): C35
(2) Minimum Character Strength of Concrete: fcu_35 := 35MPa
(3) Design Compressive Strength of Concrete: pcc_35 = 15.633 ⋅ MPa
(4) Bond Coefficient (Plain Bars): β := 0.28
(5) Design Bond Strength of Concrete: fbu_35 = 1.657⋅ MPa
4
(6) Short-term Static Modulus of Elasticity: E C35 := 2.37⋅ 10 MPa
2016/9/21 Page 6
Item :FS1
3.6 Allowable Deflection of the Structural Members & Panel
(1) Allowable Deflection of the Alum. Structural Members:
Span/180 or 20mm for aluminium mumbers (Span/180 or 20mm)
(2) Allowable Deflection of the Steel Structural Members:
Span/250 for steel mumbers (Span/250)
(3) Allowable Deflection of the Structural Members:
Span/250 or 3mm at vertical for transom (Span/250 or 3mm)
(4) Allowable Deflection of the Glass Plane:
Short Span/60 for 4 sides Supported Glass Panel (Span/60)
(5) Allowable Deflection of the Metal Pannel:
Short Span/90 for 4 sides Supported Metal Pannel (Span/90)
3.7. Software of calculation:
(1)MathCAD 15.0;
(2)SAP2000 v18.2.0.
2016/9/21 Page 7
China Resource Headquarter, HongKong. Revision:1
Item :FS1
Section 4 Design Loading
4.1 Design Wind Load For Tower):
According to Explanatory Materials to the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004
Actual height of building: HTower = 120.255m
Ground Lever: HG = 3.9m
Calculated Elevation: z = HTower − HG z = 116.355 m
Hourly mean wind speed at vg = 56.6m ⋅ s− 1

gradient height:
Gradient height: zg = 500m
Power exponent for mean wind: α = 0.11
Turbulence intensity at gradient Ig = 0.087

height:
Density of air: ρ = 1.2kg ⋅ m− 3
Gust wind velocity:

−α
 z  ⋅ 1 + 3.7Ig ⋅  z   =
α
−1
vz = 1.05vg ⋅ 69.754 ⋅ m ⋅ s vz = 69.754 ⋅ m ⋅ s− 1
 zg    zg  
Design wind pressure which not considering building shape factor
2
ρ ⋅ vz
qz = qz = 2.919 ⋅ kPa
2
Total Pressure Coefficient : (See Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 Table E 1)
Cp11 = −1.4 (Edge zones of the building,Negative)
Cp12 = 1.0 (Edge zones of the building,Positive)
Cp21 = −1.0 (Other surfaces,Negative)
Cp22 = 1.0 (Other surfaces,Positive)
Basic wind load which considering building shape factor
wk11 = Cp11 ⋅ qz wk11 = −4.087 ⋅ kPa
wk12 = Cp12 ⋅ qz wk12 = 2.919 ⋅ kPa
wk21 = Cp21 ⋅ qz wk21 = −2.919 ⋅ kPa
wk22 = Cp22 ⋅ qz wk22 = 2.919 ⋅ kPa
2016/9/21 Page 8
China Resource Headquarter, HongKong. Revision:1
Item :FS1
4.2. Imposed Load:
(1)Uniform distributed load applied on the infill between floor and Top Rail: IL1 = 1.0kPa
−1
(2)Uniform distributed load applied at a height of 1.1m above the floor level: IL2 = 0.75kN ⋅ m
(3)Concentrated load applied at any part of the infill between floor and Top Rail: IL3 = 0.5kN
4.3 Partial coefficient of Load and effect of Alum. structure should be as follow:
Permanent load: γg = 1.2
Wind load: γw = 1.2
Imposed load: γi = 1.33
4.4 Partial coefficient of Load and effect of Steel structure should be as follow:
Permanent load: γgs = 1.4
Wind load: γws = 1.4
Imposed load: γis = 1.6
2016/9/21 Page 9
China Resource Headquarter, HongKong. Revision: 1
Item :FS1
Section 5 Glass Calculation

As per the glass size and load-bearing, the following situatons shall be selected for calculation:
（1） Glass shall be 10mm(FT) + 12(AS) + 10mm(FT) + 1.52mm(PVB) + 10mm(FT) laminated IGU vision
glass, size is 2475×2925mm, which is located on edge zone;
（2） Glass shall be 10mm(FT) + 12(AS) + 10mm(FT) IGU vision glass, size is 2475×2925mm, which is
located on edge zone;
5.1. Structral Analysis of Glass Panel (Condition 1)

Assumption: 10mm(FT) + 12(AS) + 10mm(FT) + 1.52mm(PVB) + 10mm(FT) laminated IGU vision
glass, size is 2475×2925mm, which is located on edge zone.
2016/9/20 Page 10
Item :FS1
5.1.1 Calculation of glass bearing wind force
2016/9/20 Page 11
Item :FS1
(1)For 10mm Glass:
FIG.A.1.8 Non-Factored Load Chart for 10.0mm Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
Non-Factored Load: NFL = 1.5kPa
Referring to the following chart，

Glass type factors（GTF） should be as fellow
Short duration GFT for FT glass: GTF = 3.6
Calcuation of maximum galss bearing load:
Under short load duration: LR = NFL ⋅ GTF ⋅ LS1 LR = 5.8 ⋅ kPa
Wind pressure: wc = wk wc = 5.145 ⋅ kPa
Result >>> Compare ( LR > wc) = "OK" <<< Result

2016/9/20 Page 12
Item :FS1
2016/9/20 Page 13
Item :FS1
(2)For 10mm+1.52pvb+10mm Laminated Glass:
FIG.A.1.31 Non-Factored Load Chart for 10.0 mm Laminated Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
Non-Factored Load: NFL = 1.5 ⋅ kPa

Under short load duration: LR = NFL ⋅ GTF ⋅ LS2 LR = 5.8 ⋅ kPa
Wind pressure: wc. = wk wc. = 5.145 ⋅ kPa
Result >>> Compare ( LR > wc.) = "OK" <<< Result
2016/9/20 Page 14
Item :FS1
2016/9/20 Page 15
Item :FS1
5.1.3 Checking glass strength under imposed load
(1) Uniform distributed load applied at a height of 1.1m above the floor level: IL2 = 1.1kN ⋅ m− 1
Height of Load h = 1100mm − 300mm + 50mm = 850 ⋅ mm
(F.F.L-S.F.L=50mm)
Height of Glass Hei = b = 2925 ⋅ mm
Width of Glass Wid = a = 2475 ⋅ mm
2016/9/20 Page 16
Item :FS1
IL2 ⋅ Wid (IL2 ⋅ Wid)

Concentrated Load PIL2_1 = = 27.225 ⋅ N PIL2_2 = = 13.613 ⋅ N
2 ⋅ 50 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 50
2016/9/20 Page 17
Item :FS1
COMB1=1.0DEAD+1.0LIVE
Max. Stress σbc2 = 6.299N ⋅ mm− 2 < pgl_T = 50 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2
Result >>> Compare ( σbc2 < pgl_T) = "OK" <<< Result
2016/9/20 Page 18
Item :FS1
Max. Deflection δc = 4.6695mm
Allowable deflection
dallow = min  , 25mm

a
dallow = 25 ⋅ mm
 60 
Result >>> Compare ( δc < dallow) = "OK" <<< Result
2016/9/20 Page 19
Item :FS1
(2) Concentrated load applied at any part of the infill between floor and Top Rail: IL3 = 0.5kN
Height of Load h = 850 ⋅ mm
Height of Glass Hei = 2925 ⋅ mm
Width of Glass Wid = 2475 ⋅ mm
2016/9/20 Page 20
Item :FS1
Max. Stress σbc3 = 7.964 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2 < pgl_T = 50 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2
2016/9/20 Page 21
Item :FS1

a
dallow = 25 ⋅ mm
 60 
2016/9/20 Page 22
Item :FS1
5.2. Structral Analysis of Glass Panel (Condition 2)
Assumption: The critical dimension of 10mm(FT) + 12(AS) + 12mm(FT) IGU vision glass panel
(2475mm x 2925mm) is designed as 4 sides simple support panel.
Glass type： 10mm(FT) + 12(AS) + 12mm(FT) IGU vision glass
Thickness of glass： tg1 = 10mm tg2 = 12mm
3
tg. = 0.95 ⋅ tg13 + tg23 = 13.274 ⋅ mm
Glass plate size： a = 1795mm
b = 2925 ⋅ mm
Location： Edge Zone
Support condition： 4 Sdes Simple Support
Design Load Data :
Non-factor wind load: wk = 4.11kPa
2016/9/20 Page 23
Item :FS1
5.2.1 Calculation of glass bearing wind force
According to ASTM E1300-12aε1 ,calculate allowable wind pressure and glass defromation
b
Glass aspect ratio: AR =
a
Glass Thickness tg1 = 10 ⋅ mm tg2 = 12 ⋅ mm
Load Sharing on the Tempered Glass:
 tg13 
For 10mm Glass: Pg1 = ⋅ wk ⋅ 1.25 = 1.883 ⋅ kPa
 tg13 + tg23 
 
 tg23 
For 12mm Glass: Pg2 = ⋅ wk ⋅ 1.25 = 3.254 ⋅ kPa
 tg13 + tg23 
 
(1)For 10mm Glass:
FIG.A.1.8 Non-Factored Load Chart for 10.0mm Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
Non-Factored Load: NFL = 1.5 ⋅ kPa

2016/9/20 Page 24
Item :FS1
Under short load duration: LR1 = NFL ⋅ GTF LR1 = 5.4 ⋅ kPa
Wind pressure: wc1 = Pg1 wc1 = 1.883 ⋅ kPa
Result >>> Compare ( LR1 > wc1) = "OK" <<< Result
(2)For 12mm Glass:
FIG.A.1.31 Non-Factored Load Chart for 10.0 mm Laminated Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
2016/9/20 Page 25
Item :FS1
Non-Factored Load: NFL = 2 ⋅ kPa

Under short load duration: LR2 = NFL ⋅ GTF LR2 = 7.2 ⋅ kPa
Wind pressure: wc2 = Pg2 wc2 = 3.254 ⋅ kPa
Result >>> Compare ( LR2 > wc2) = "OK" <<< Result
5.1.2 Check deflection under wind load
Max. glass deflection（According to ASTM SE1300-12aε1）:
2 3
r0. = 0.553 − 3.83 ⋅  b  + 1.11 ⋅  b  − 0.0969 ⋅  b  r0. = −2.595
 a  a  a
2 3
r1. = −2.29 + 5.83 ⋅  b  − 2.17 ⋅  b  + 0.2067 ⋅  b  r1. = 1.922
 a  a  a
2 3
r2. = 1.485 − 1.908 ⋅  b  + 0.815 ⋅  b  − 0.0822 ⋅  b  r2. = 0.23
 a  a  a
  wc2 ⋅ ( a ⋅ b) 2
x = ln ln  x = 1.431
  Eg ⋅ tg.4 
  
(
df. = tg. ⋅ exp r0. + r1. ⋅ x + r2. ⋅ x2 ) df. = 24.844 ⋅ mm
dallow. = min  , 25mm

a
dallow. = 25 ⋅ mm
 60 
Result >>> Compare ( df. < dallow.) = "OK" <<< Result
2016/9/20 Page 26
Item :FS1
5.1.3 Checking glass strength under imposed load
(1) Uniform distributed load applied at a height of 1.1m above the floor level: IL2 = 1.1 ⋅ kN ⋅ m− 1
Height of Load h = 1100mm − 300mm + 50mm = 850 ⋅ mm
(F.F.L-S.F.L=50mm)
Height of Glass Hei = b = 2825 ⋅ mm
Width of Glass Wid = a = 2375 ⋅ mm
2016/9/20 Page 27
Item :FS1
IL2 ⋅ Wid (IL2 ⋅ Wid)

Concentrated Load PIL2_1 = = 52.25 ⋅ N PIL2_2 = = 26.125 ⋅ N
50 2 ⋅ 50
2016/9/20 Page 28
Item :FS1
Max. Stress σbc2 = 8.794N ⋅ mm− 2 < pgl_T = 50 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2
2016/9/20 Page 29
Item :FS1

a
dallow = 25 ⋅ mm
 60 
2016/9/20 Page 30
Item :FS1
(2) Concentrated load applied at any part of the infill between floor and Top Rail: IL3 = 0.5 ⋅ kN
Height of Load h = 850 ⋅ mm
Height of Glass Hei = 2825 ⋅ mm
Width of Glass Wid = 2375 ⋅ mm
2016/9/20 Page 31
Item :FS1
Max. Stress σbc3 = 11.066 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2 < pgl_T = 50 ⋅ N ⋅ mm− 2
2016/9/20 Page 32
Item :FS1

a
dallow = 25 ⋅ mm
 60 
2016/9/20 Page 33
Item :FS1
5.3 Calculation of Sealant bite and thickness for Glass Panel:
Max. Design Wind Loads: wk = 4.11 ⋅ kPa
Maximum width of the Panel: a = 2375 ⋅ mm
Allowable stress of sealant for wind load: pwl = 0.138MPa
The formula used to calculate the min. structural sealant bite is as following:
a ⋅ wk
Bitemin = Bitemin = 35.367 ⋅ mm
2 ⋅ pwl
So Using 40 mm Wide Structural Sealant Bite is O.K.
Temperature of the metallic frame at moment t: Tc = 55 °C
Temperature of the glass at moment t: Tv = 80 °C
Temperature during silicone application: T0 = 20 °C

−5
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the structural sealant support frame: αc = αal = 2.3 × 10 ⋅ K− 1
−6
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of glass: αv = αg = 8.5 × 10 ⋅ K− 1
(Tc − T0) ⋅ αc − (Tv − T0) ⋅ αv ⋅ (0.5a) + (0.5 ⋅ b) =

Maximum thermal movement: 2 2
Δ = 0.544 ⋅ mm
The formula used to calculate the min. structural sealant thickness is as following:
Δ
tmin = = 1.815 ⋅ mm 0.1 is the elongation of structural sealant with 0.14 MPa tensile stress
3 ⋅ 0.1
So Using 8 mm thick Structural Sealant thickness is O.K.
2016/9/20 Page 34
Item :FS1
Section 6 Structural Analysis of Mullion and Transom

6.1 Structural analysis of typical alum. mullion
2016/9/21 Page 35
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 36
Item :FS1
Design Wind Loads: wk = 4.087 ⋅ kPa Uniform to frame（two way)
Load width of mullion: ΔS := 0.5 ⋅ 1200mm ΔS = 600 ⋅ mm
Max. Linear Load on the mulllions:

−1
q w := wk ⋅ ΔS q w = 2.452 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLg := 1.1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 10mm ⋅ ρg = 0.858 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Glass Pannel:
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLa := 0.5kN ⋅ m
Alum. Sheet:
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLgl := 1kN ⋅ m
Curtain Wall per m2:
2016/9/21 Page 37
Item :FS1
Load width of mullion: ΔS = 600 ⋅ mm
Height of glass pannel: H1 := 2925mm
Height of Alum. sheet: H2 := 1200mm
Max. Linear Load:

−1
−1 q d2 := DLg ⋅ H1 q d2 = 2.51 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
q dl := DLgl ⋅ ( ΔS) q dl = 0.6 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
−1 −1
q d3 := DLa ⋅ H2 q d3 = 0.6 ⋅ N ⋅ mm q d4 := q d2 + q d3 q d4 = 3.11 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 38
Item :FS1
Load Combinations:
2016/9/21 Page 39
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 40
Item :FS1
Joint Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 41
Item :FS1
Frame Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 42
Item :FS1
Max. deflection :
2016/9/21 Page 43
Item :FS1
6.2 Structural analysis of typical alum. mullion M1

Table: Element Forces - Frames, Part 1 of 2
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType P V2 V3 T M2
m KN KN KN KN-m KN-m
8 0 COMB2 Combination 0.603 0 -8.87 -0.0059 0
8 0.195 COMB2 Combination 0.633 0 -8.684 -0.0059 1.7176
8 1.56 COMB2 Combination 0.839 0 0.66 -0.0059 8.3112
8 3.1085 COMB2 Combination 1.19 0 16.768 -0.0059 -2.1993
2016/9/21 Page 44
Item :FS1

Frame Station OutputCase M3 FrameElem ElemStation
m KN-m m
8 0 COMB2 0 8-1 0
8 0.195 COMB2 0 8-1 0.195
8 0.195 COMB2 0 8-2 0
8 0.39 COMB2 0 8-2 0.195
8 0.39 COMB2 0 8-3 0
8 0.585 COMB2 0 8-3 0.195
8 0.585 COMB2 0 8-4 0
8 0.78 COMB2 0 8-4 0.195
8 0.78 COMB2 0 8-5 0
8 0.975 COMB2 0 8-5 0.195
8 0.975 COMB2 0 8-6 0
8 1.17 COMB2 0 8-6 0.195
8 1.17 COMB2 0 8-7 0
8 1.365 COMB2 0 8-7 0.195
8 1.365 COMB2 0 8-8 0
8 1.56 COMB2 0 8-8 0.195
8 1.56 COMB2 0 8-9 0
8 1.755 COMB2 0 8-9 0.195
8 1.755 COMB2 0 8-10 0
8 1.8295 COMB2 0 8-10 0.0745
8 1.95 COMB2 0 8-10 0.195
8 1.95 COMB2 0 8-11 0
8 2.145 COMB2 0 8-11 0.195
8 2.145 COMB2 0 8-12 0
8 2.34 COMB2 0 8-12 0.195
8 2.34 COMB2 0 8-13 0
8 2.535 COMB2 0 8-13 0.195
8 2.535 COMB2 0 8-14 0
8 2.73 COMB2 0 8-14 0.195
8 2.73 COMB2 0 8-15 0
8 2.925 COMB2 0 8-15 0.195
8 2.925 COMB2 0 8-16 0
8 3.1085 COMB2 0 8-16 0.1835
8 3.1085 COMB2 0 8-17 0
8 3.292 COMB2 0 8-17 0.1835
8 3.292 COMB2 0 8-18 0
8 3.4755 COMB2 0 8-18 0.1835
8 3.4755 COMB2 0 8-19 0
8 3.659 COMB2 0 8-19 0.1835
Max. Internal Force on the mullion: (Factored Load)
N1 := 1.273kN ( Tensile Force, Comb2)
Vy := 19.069kN ( Shear Force, Comb2 )
M x1 := 11.9678kN ⋅ m ( Bending Moment, Comb2 )
2016/9/21 Page 45
Item :FS1
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section :
Overall Dimensions Plastic Properties

Depth 123.50313 mm Zx 79414.752 mm^3
Width 80.951743 mm Zy 44259.519 mm^3
Perimeter 486.36615 mm PNA X 1.5123435 mm
Geometric Properties PNA Y -3.1181625 mm
Area 2103.8525 mm^2 FEA Mesh
Ix 3673734 mm^4 Nodes 28185
Iy 1142364 mm^4 Elements 26973
Ixy 196228.32 mm^4 Largest Element 0.3800888 mm^2
rx 41.787481 mm Torsion Properties
ry 23.302074 mm ro 48.289813 mm
Sx+ 63293.915 mm^3 H 0.98167773
Sx- 56121.22 mm^3 Xsc -5.8549055 mm
Sy+ 22685.812 mm^3 Ysc 2.9061816 mm
Sy- 37337.188 mm^3 Cw 6.90E+08 mm^6
Xc 0 mm J 2007599 mm^4
Yc 0.00000002 mm Β1 -3.9554795 mm
Principal Properties Minimum Results
I1 3688855 mm^4 Warping Function -1267.6809 mm^2
I2 1127243 mm^4 Maximum Results
α -4.4064091 deg Warping Function 1916.5172 mm^2
r1 41.873391 mm
r2 23.14734 mm
S1+ 61862.273 mm^3
S1- 54584.389 mm^3
S2+ 21745.858 mm^3
S2- 32239.297 mm^3
Polar Properties
Ip 4816097 mm^4
rp 47.845378 mm
2
Section Area: Ap1 := 2103.8525mm
3
Elastic Section Modulus: Zx_p1 := 56121.22 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_p1 := 3673734mm
Section Properties of About Y-Y:

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_p1 := 22685.812 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_p1 := 1142364mm
Radius of Gyrations: ry_p1 := 23.302074mm
2016/9/21 Page 46
Item :FS1
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section :

Depth 123.50313 mm Zx 76536.794 mm^3
Width 54.155496 mm Zy 35581.005 mm^3
Perimeter 497.01782 mm PNA X -0.71568064 mm
Geometric Properties PNA Y -5.4210834 mm
Ix 3518856 mm^4 Nodes 28593
Iy 761508.41 mm^4 Elements 27351
Ixy -14206.327 mm^4 Largest Element 0.37593692 mm^2
ry 19.039826 mm ro 47.581163 mm
Sx+ 60931.69 mm^3 H 0.90004007
Sx- 53516.844 mm^3 Xsc 14.907449 mm
Sy+ 28815.607 mm^3 Ysc -2.0184082 mm
Sy- 27462.97 mm^3 Cw 8.10E+08 mm^6
Xc 0 mm J 1166053 mm^4
Yc 0.00000002 mm Β1 2.5956666 mm
I2 761435.22 mm^4 Maximum Results
α 0.29518726 deg Warping Function 1520.4976 mm^2
r1 40.928975 mm
r2 19.038911 mm
S1+ 60786.952 mm^3
S1- 53410.164 mm^3
S2+ 28495.177 mm^3
S2- 27319.1 mm^3
Polar Properties
Ip 4280364 mm^4
rp 45.140459 mm
2
3
4

3
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_p2 := 761508.41mm
2016/9/21 Page 47
Item :FS1
Total I Value & Section Area of the Profile:
Ix_p := Ix_p1 + Ix_p2
6 4
Ix_p = 7.193 × 10 ⋅ mm
Ap := Ap1 + Ap2
3 2
Ap = 4.204 × 10 ⋅ mm
Max. Internal Force on the Member Section Due to Critical Load:
Max. Bending Moment about X-X: M x1 = 11.9678 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Bending Moment on Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section:
Ix_p1
M p1_w := M x1 ⋅
Ix_p
M p1_w = 6.113 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Bending Moment on Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section:
Ix_p2
M p2_w := M x1 ⋅
Ix_p
M p2_w = 5.855 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Tensile Force on Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section:
Ap1
Np1_g := N1 ⋅
Ap
Np1_g = 0.637 ⋅ kN
Max. Tensile Force on Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section:
Ap2
Np2_g := N1 ⋅
Ap
Np2_g = 0.636 ⋅ kN
Max. Shear Force on Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section:
Ix_p1
Sp1_w := Vy ⋅ Sp1_w = 9.74 ⋅ kN
Ix_p
Max. Shear Force on Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section:
2016/9/21 Page 48
Item :FS1
Ix_p2
Sp2_w := Vy ⋅
Ix_p Sp2_w = 9.329 ⋅ kN
Checking the Stress:
Max. Bending Stress in the Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section: --Local Checking
−1 −1
fbc_p1_w := M p1_w ⋅ Zx_p1 + Np1_g ⋅ Ap1
fbc_p1_w = 109.22 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Bending Stress in the Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section: --Local Checking
−1 −1
fbc_p2_w := M p2_w ⋅ Zx_p2 + Np2_g ⋅ Ap2
Max. Shear Stress:

−1 −1
fq_p1_w := Sp1_w ⋅ Ap1 fq_p2_w := Sp2_w ⋅ Ap2
fq_p1_w = 4.63 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Deflection in the Mullion Member Due to Combined Load:
4125mm
d m_cl := 19.2561mm < = 22.917 ⋅ mm or 20mm O.K.
180
2016/9/21 Page 49
Item :FS1
Considering Lateral Torsional Buckling
Alum. Extrusion Profile P1 Section :

3
Sx1 := 79414.752 ⋅ mm
Elastic Section Modulus:
Modulus of Shear: Gal = 26600 ⋅ MPa
Modulus of Elasticity: Eal = 70000 ⋅ MPa
Effective length for lateral torsional l := 2.925m

buckling
4
Moment of Inertia about Y-Y axis: Iy_p1 = 1142364 ⋅ mm
4
Torsion constant: Jp1 := 2007599mm
8 6
Warping factor: Hp1 := 6.90 ⋅ 10 ⋅ mm
Mono-symmetry factor: βx1 := −3.9554795 mm
Elastic critical uniform monment:
 2
π ⋅ Eal ⋅ Hp1
2 2
π ⋅ βx1 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 π ⋅ βx1

Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 
M cr :=
π
⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp1 ⋅  1+ + + ⋅
l  2 2 2l Gal ⋅ Jp1 
 l ⋅ G ⋅ J
al p1 4 ⋅ l ⋅ G ⋅ J
al p1 
M cr = 70.041 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p1
Stress axis value of ps p 1 := p 1 = 113.07 ⋅ MPa
Sx1
in strut curve diagrams
Minor axis radius of gyration rfm := ry_p1 = 23.302 ⋅ mm
Eal ⋅ Sx1
Slenderness parameter λ := π ⋅ λ = 27.988
M cr
2016/9/21 Page 50
Item :FS1
Lateral torsional bucking stress ps
ps = N ⋅ p 1
BS 8118
Annex - K
in which :
 1
N = ψ ⋅ 1 − 1 −
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
in which : ψ= ⋅ 1 + + 
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
λ p1
and where : λ' := ⋅ λ' = 0.358
π Eal
Get Get
λ'1 := 0.6 c := 0.1
so :
the perry factor
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
ψ := ⋅ 1 + +  ψ = 4.306
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
 1 
N := ψ ⋅  1 − 1 − N = 1.029
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
therefore
p's := N ⋅ p 1 p's = 116.311 ⋅ MPa
p s := p's if p's < f0.2_T6 p s = 116.311 ⋅ MPa

f0.2_T6 if p's ≥ f0.2_T6
 f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p1 p s ⋅ Sx1 

Resistance for buckling M RSY_fm := min , 
 γm_al γm_al 
M RSY_fm = 7.483 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M p1_w
Check k := k = 0.817 HENCE( k < 1 ) = "OK"
M RSY_fm
2016/9/21 Page 51
Item :FS1
Alum. Extrusion Profile P2 Section :

3
Sx2 := 76536.794 ⋅ mm
Effective length for lateral torsional l = 2.925 m

buckling
4
Moment of Inertia about Y-Y axis: Iy_p2 = 761508.41 ⋅ mm
4
8 6
Warping factor: Hp2 := 8.10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ mm
Mono-symmetry factor: βx2 := 2.5956666mm
 2
π ⋅ Eal ⋅ Hp2
2 2

Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 
M cr :=
π
⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 ⋅  1+ + + ⋅
l  2 2 2l Gal ⋅ Jp2 
 l ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 4 ⋅ l ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 
M cr = 53.667 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p2
Sx2
Eal ⋅ Sx1
M cr
2016/9/21 Page 52
Item :FS1
ps = N ⋅ p 1
BS 8118
Annex - K
in which :
 1
N = ψ ⋅ 1 − 1 −
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
in which : ψ= ⋅ 1 + + 
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
λ p1
and where : λ' := ⋅ λ' = 0.407
π Eal
Get Get
λ'1 := 0.6 c := 0.1
so :
the perry factor
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
ψ := ⋅ 1 + +  ψ = 3.462
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
 1 
N := ψ ⋅  1 − 1 − N = 1.024
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
therefore
p's := N ⋅ p 1 p's = 114.54 ⋅ MPa

f0.2_T6 if p's ≥ f0.2_T6
 f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p2 p s ⋅ Sx2 

M RSY_fm = 7.136 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M p2_w
M RSY_fm
2016/9/21 Page 53
Item :FS1
6.3 Strength Analysis of the Alum. Transom:
6.3.1. Strength Analysis of Transom :
Max.Span of Transom: St := 2475mm
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile E1 Section :
Section of the Alum. Extrusion Profile:

Depth 59.073166 mm Zx 36632.561 mm^3
Width 161.27292 mm Zy 71585.111 mm^3
Geometric Properties PNA Y 1.2490695 mm
Ix 824594.52 mm^4 Nodes 29741
ry 44.184723 mm ro 53.782545 mm
Sx+ 32018.142 mm^3 H 0.82370711
Sx- 24748.338 mm^3 Xsc 5.5386616 mm
Sy+ 38749.129 mm^3 Ysc 21.892039 mm
Sy- 57792.019 mm^3 Cw 1.73E+09 mm^6
Xc 0 mm J 907690.16 mm^4
Yc -0.00000002 mm Β1 1.373487 mm
I2 813085.96 mm^4 Maximum Results
r1 44.252636 mm
r2 20.599229 mm
S1+ 38408.735 mm^3
S1- 58399.15 mm^3
S2+ 22052.814 mm^3
S2- 27349.657 mm^3
Polar Properties
Ip 4565518 mm^4
rp 48.81213 mm
Section Properties of About X-X:

2
Section Area: Ae1 := 1916.1721mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx_e1 := 24748.338 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_e1 := 824594.52mm
2016/9/21 Page 54
Item :FS1

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_e1 := 38749.129 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_e1 := 3740923mm
Radius of Gyrations: rx_e1 := 20.7445mm ry_e1 := 44.184723mm
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile E2 Section:

Depth 121.94873 mm Zx 59633.596 mm^3
Width 155.15254 mm Zy 80211.917 mm^3
Ix 2671234 mm^4 Nodes 18696
ry 45.93496 mm ro 64.01155 mm
Sx+ 38415.983 mm^3 H 0.8385259
Sx- 50963.871 mm^3 Xsc 0.65988855 mm
Sy+ 60641.251 mm^3 Ysc -25.713833 mm
Sy- 49986.084 mm^3 Cw 1.31E+09 mm^6
Xc -0.00000001 mm J 2076507 mm^4
Yc -0.00000008 mm Β1 21.725089 mm
r1 47.201902 mm
r2 34.753737 mm
S1+ 51555.745 mm^3
S1- 56903.102 mm^3
S2+ 35504.339 mm^3
S2- 33787.903 mm^3
Polar Properties
Ip 6922456 mm^4
rp 58.616055 mm

2
Section Area: Ae2 = 2014.7771 ⋅ mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx_e2 := 38415.983 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_e2 := 2671234mm
2016/9/21 Page 55
Item :FS1

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_e2 := 49986.084 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_e2 := 4251221mm
Radius of Gyrations: rx_e2 := 36.411829mm ry_e2 := 45.93496mm
Section Properties of the Steel Hollow S1 Section :
Section of the Steel Hollow Section:
Overall Dimensions Polar Properties

Depth 45 mm Ip 293977.33 mm^4
Width 30 mm rp 17.647002 mm
Perimeter 150 mm Plastic Properties
Geometric Properties Zx 12244 mm^3
Area 944 mm^2 Zy 8704 mm^3
Ix 199358.67 mm^4 PNA X 0 mm
Iy 94618.667 mm^4 PNA Y 0 mm
Ixy 0 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 14.532207 mm Nodes 47462
ry 10.011575 mm Elements 46950
Sx+ 8860.3852 mm^3 Largest Element 0.09359768 mm^2
Sx- 8860.3852 mm^3 Torsion Properties
Sy+ 6307.9111 mm^3 ro 17.647002 mm
Sy- 6307.9111 mm^3 H 1
Xc 0 mm Xsc 0 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc 0 mm
Principal Properties Cw 1748317 mm^6
I1 199358.67 mm^4 J 212199.17 mm^4
I2 94618.667 mm^4 Β1 0 mm
α 0 deg Minimum Results
r1 14.532207 mm Warping Function -115.41683 mm^2
r2 10.011575 mm Maximum Results
S1+ 8860.3852 mm^3 Warping Function 115.4159 mm^2
S1- 8860.3852 mm^3
S2+ 6307.9111 mm^3
S2- 6307.9111 mm^3

2
Section Area: As1 := 944mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx_s1 := 8860.3852 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_s1 := 199358.67mm

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_s1 := 6307.9111 ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 56
Item :FS1
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_s1 := 94618.667mm
Radius of Gyrations: rx_s1 := 14.532207mm ry_s1 := 10.011575mm
Section Properties of the Steel Hollow S2 Section :
Section of the Steel Hollow Section:

Depth 35 mm Ip 2287497 mm^4
Width 100 mm rp 34.661458 mm
Perimeter 270 mm Plastic Properties
Geometric Properties Zx 23044 mm^3
Area 1904 mm^2 Zy 53984 mm^3
Ix 309278.67 mm^4 PNA X 0 mm
Iy 1978219 mm^4 PNA Y 0 mm
Ixy 0 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 12.745049 mm Nodes 26230
Sy+ 39564.373 mm^3 ro 34.661458 mm
Sy- 39564.373 mm^3 H 1
Xc 0 mm Xsc 0 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc 0 mm
Principal Properties Cw 1.00E+08 mm^6
I1 1978219 mm^4 J 905001.56 mm^4
I2 309278.67 mm^4 Β1 0 mm
α 90 deg Minimum Results
S1- 39564.373 mm^3
S2+ 17673.067 mm^3
S2- 17673.067 mm^3
2
Section Area: As2 := 1904mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx_s2 := 17673.067 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_s2 := 309278.67mm

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_s2 := 39564.373 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_s2 := 1978219mm
Radius of Gyrations: rx_s2 := 12.745049mm ry_s2 := 32.233219mm
2016/9/21 Page 57
Item :FS1
Total I Value & Section Area of the Profile:
Est
Ix_t := Ix_e1 + Ix_e2 + ⋅ ( Ix_s1 + Ix_s2)
Eal
4
Ix_t = 4985409.301 ⋅ mm
Est
Iy_t := Iy_e1 + Iy_e2 + ⋅ ( Iy_s1 + Iy_s2)
Eal
4
Iy_t = 14062597.168 ⋅ mm
Est
Ae := Ae1 + Ae2 + ⋅ ( As1 + As2)
Eal
2
Ae = 12271.521 ⋅ mm
(1) Wind Load on the Transom About Y-Y:
Max. Span of Typical Transom: St = 2475 ⋅ mm
Height of the Top Panel: Htop := 2925mm
Height of the Bottom Panel: Hbottom := 1200mm

−1
wind load on Transom: q t_w1 := wk ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ St = 5.058 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
−1
q t_w2 := wk ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ Hbottom = 2.452 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Calculation Model of the Transom:

q t_w1
q t_w2
St
Max. Moment of the Transom:

Hbottom
α := = 0.242
2St
q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅  3 − 4 ⋅ α
2 2 2
q t_w1 ⋅ St  = 4.312 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M t_w := +
12 24
Max. Bending Moment on Alum. Extrusion Profile E1 Section:
Iy_e1
M e1_w := M t_w ⋅
Iy_t
2016/9/21 Page 58
Item :FS1
M e1_w = 1.147 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Iy_e2
M e2_w := M t_w ⋅
Iy_t
M e2_w = 1.304 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Bending Moment on Steel Hollow S1 Section:
Est ⋅ Iy_s1
M s1_w := M t_w ⋅
Eal ⋅ Iy_t
M s1_w = 0.085 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Est ⋅ Iy_s2
M s2_w := M t_w ⋅
Eal ⋅ Iy_t
M s2_w = 1.777 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Shear Force of the Alum. Transom:
q t_w1 ⋅ St q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅ ( 1 − α)
Rt_w := + = 5.429 ⋅ kN
4 2
Max. Shear Force on Alum. Extrusion Profile E1 Section:
Iy_e1
Se1_w := Rt_w ⋅ Se1_w = 1.444 ⋅ kN
Iy_t
Iy_e2
Se2_w := Rt_w ⋅ Se2_w = 1.641 ⋅ kN
Iy_t
Max. Shear Force on Steel hollow S1 Section:
Est ⋅ Iy_s1
Ss1_w := Rt_w ⋅ Ss1_w = 0.107 ⋅ kN
Eal ⋅ Iy_t
Max. Shear Force on Steel hollow S2 Section:
Est ⋅ Iy_s2
Ss2_w := Rt_w ⋅ Ss2_w = 2.236 ⋅ kN
Eal ⋅ Iy_t
2016/9/21 Page 59
Item :FS1
Checking the Stress at Alum. Extrusion:
Max. Bending Stress in the Alum. Extrusion Profile E1 Section:
−1
fbc_e1_w := γw ⋅ M e1_w ⋅ Zy_e1
fbc_e1_w = 35.527 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Shear Stress in the Alum. Extrusion Profile Section:

−1
fq_e1_w := γw ⋅ Se1_w ⋅ Ae1
fq_e1_w = 0.904 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
−1
fbc_e2_w := γw ⋅ M e2_w ⋅ Zy_e2
fbc_e2_w = 31.297 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_e2_w := γw ⋅ Se2_w ⋅ Ae2
fq_e2_w = 0.977 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Bending Stress in the Steel Hollow S1 Section:

−1
fbc_s1_w := γws ⋅ M s1_w ⋅ ( 1.2Zy_s1)
fbc_s1_w = 15.716 ⋅ MPa < p y_275 = 275 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Shear Stress in the Steel Hollow S1 Section:

−1
fq_s1_w := γws ⋅ Ss1_w ⋅ As1
fq_s1_w = 0.159 ⋅ MPa < fq_275 = 158.771 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fbc_s2_w := γws ⋅ M s2_w ⋅ ( 1.2Zy_s2)
fbc_s2_w = 52.388 ⋅ MPa < p y_275 = 275 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_s2_w := γws ⋅ Ss2_w ⋅ As2
2016/9/21 Page 60
Item :FS1
fq_s2_w = 1.644 ⋅ MPa < fq_275 = 158.771 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Deflection in the Transom Due to Wind Load:
q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅ 
4 25 2 4
q t_w1 ⋅ St
4 −5⋅α + 2⋅α 
d t_w := +
8 
120 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_t 240 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_t
St
d t_w = 2.712 ⋅ mm < = 12.375 ⋅ mm O.K.
200
(2) Dead Load on the Transom About X-X:

−2
Glass Dead Load: DLgl := 1.1 ρg ⋅ 30mm = 0.86 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Height of the Top Panel: Htop = 2925 ⋅ mm
Height of the Bottom Panel: Hbottom = 1200 ⋅ mm

−2
Self-weight on Transom+Alum. Gt_d := 0.5kN ⋅ m
sheet(per m2 ):
Dead Load on Transom: Pg := 0.5 ⋅ DLgl ⋅ Htop ⋅ St
Pg = 3.106 ⋅ kN
q t_d := Gt_d ⋅ Hbottom
−1
q t_d = 0.6 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

q t_d
St
Pg Pg
St/8 3S t/4 St/8
St
2016/9/21 Page 61
Item :FS1
Max. Bending Moment in the Transom Section:
2
q t_d ⋅ St
M t_d := + Pg ⋅ 0.125St
8
M t_d = 1.42 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Reaction in the Transom Section:
q t_d ⋅ St
Rt_d := + Pg
2
Rt_d = 3.85 ⋅ kN
Ix_e1
M e1_d := M t_d ⋅
Ix_t
M e1_d = 0.235 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Ix_e1
Se1_d := Rt_d ⋅ Se1_d = 0.636 ⋅ kN
Ix_t
Ix_e2
M e2_d := M t_d ⋅
Ix_t
M e2_d = 0.761 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Ix_e2
Se2_d := Rt_d ⋅ Se2_d = 2.062 ⋅ kN
Ix_t
Est ⋅ Ix_s1
M s1_d := M t_d ⋅
Eal ⋅ Ix_t
M s1_d = 0.166 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Shear Force on Steel Hollow S1 Section:
Est ⋅ Ix_s1
Ss1_d := R t_d ⋅ Ss1_d = 0.451 ⋅ kN
Eal ⋅ Ix_t
2016/9/21 Page 62
Item :FS1
Est ⋅ Ix_s2
M s2_d := M t_d ⋅
Eal ⋅ Ix_t
M s2_d = 0.258 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Shear Force on Steel Hollow S2 Section:
Est ⋅ Ix_s2
Ss2_d := R t_d ⋅ Ss2_d = 0.699 ⋅ kN
Eal ⋅ Ix_t
Check the Alum. Extrusion Profile E1 Section:

−1
fbc_e1_d := γg ⋅ M e1_d ⋅ Zx_e1 + fbc_e1_w
fbc_e1_d = 46.917 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_e1_d := γg ⋅ Se1_d ⋅ Ae1
fq_e1_d = 0.399 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Check the Alum. Extrusion Profile E2 Section:

−1
fbc_e2_d := γg ⋅ M e2_d ⋅ Zx_e2 + fbc_e2_w
fbc_e2_d = 55.068 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_e2_d := γg ⋅ Se2_d ⋅ Ae2
fq_e2_d = 1.228 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Check the Steel Hollow S1 Section:

−1
fbc_s1_d := γgs ⋅ M s1_d ⋅ ( 1.2Zx_s1) + fbc_s1_w
fbc_s1_d = 37.617 ⋅ MPa < p y_275 = 275 ⋅ MPa O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 63
Item :FS1
−1
fq_s1_d := γgs ⋅ Ss1_d ⋅ As1
fq_s1_d = 0.668 ⋅ MPa < fq_275 = 158.771 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Check the Steel Hollow S2 Section:

−1
fbc_s2_d := γgs ⋅ M s2_d ⋅ ( 1.2Zx_s2) + fbc_s2_w
fbc_s2_d = 69.422 ⋅ MPa < p y_275 = 275 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_s2_d := γgs ⋅ Ss2_d ⋅ As2
fq_s2_d = 0.514 ⋅ MPa < fq_275 = 158.771 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Deflection of the Transom Due to Dead Load:
α1 := 0.125
Pg ⋅ 0.125 ⋅ St ⋅ St ⋅  3 − 4 ⋅ α1
4 2 2
5 ⋅ q t_d ⋅ St 
d t_d := +
384 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Ix_t 24 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Ix_t
St
d t_d = 2.904 ⋅ mm < = 9.9 ⋅ mm or 3mm O.K.
250
So Using the Alum. Transom O.K.
5.5 Strength Analysis of the Intermediate Transom:
5.5.1. Strength Analysis of Transom:
Max.Span of Transom: St = 2475 ⋅ mm
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile Section :
Section of the Alum. Extrusion Profile:
2016/9/21 Page 64
Item :FS1

Depth 100 mm Zx 69172.955 mm^3
Width 136.53709 mm Zy 79935.828 mm^3
Ix 2945473 mm^4 Nodes 17306
Ixy -131285.82 mm^4 Largest Element 0.61846905 mm^2
ry 46.826004 mm ro 61.995082 mm
Sx+ 60067.466 mm^3 H 0.97841982
Sx- 57795.27 mm^3 Xsc 9.0837271 mm
Sy+ 60643.504 mm^3 Ysc -0.65340867 mm
Sy- 60044.951 mm^3 Cw 4.28E+07 mm^6
Xc 0 mm J 4260452 mm^4
Yc 0 mm Β1 7.1685378 mm
α 83.696675 deg Warping Function 710.01881 mm^2
r1 46.908352 mm
r2 39.49754 mm
S1+ 57340.271 mm^3
S1- 56541.451 mm^3
S2+ 52154.554 mm^3
S2- 51678.216 mm^3
Polar Properties
Ip 7064985 mm^4
rp 61.322501 mm

2
Section Area: Ae = 1878.7608 ⋅ mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx_e := 57795.27 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix_e := 2945473mm

3
Elastic Modulus: Zy_e := 60044.951 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Iy_e := 4119511mm
Radius of Gyrations: rx_e := 39.595132mm ry_e := 46.826004mm
(1) Wind Load on the Transom About Y-Y:

−1
wind load on Transom: q t_w1. := wk ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ St = 5.058 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
−1
q t_w2. := wk ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ Htop = 2.452 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2016/9/21 Page 65
Item :FS1

q t_w1
q t_w2
St
Max. Moment of the Transom:
Htop
α := = 0.242
2St
q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅  3 − 4 ⋅ α
2 2 2
q t_w1 ⋅ St  = 4.312 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M t_w. := +
12 24
Max. Shear Force of the Alum. Transom:
q t_w1 ⋅ St q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅ ( 1 − α)
Rt_w. := + Rt_w. = 5.429 ⋅ kN
4 2
(2) Dead Load on the Transom About X-X:

−2
Glass Dead Load: DLgl := 1.1 ρg ⋅ 30mm = 0.86 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

−1
Self-weight on Transom: q t_d. := 1.1 ⋅ ρal ⋅ Ae = 0.06 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

q t_d
St
Max. Bending Moment in the Transom Section:

2
q t_d. ⋅ St
M t_d. :=
8
2016/9/21 Page 66
Item :FS1
M t_d. = 0.04 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Reaction in the Transom Section:
q t_d. ⋅ St
Rt_d. :=
2
Rt_d. = 0.07 ⋅ kN
Checking the Stress at Alum. Extrusion:

−1 −1
fbc_e := γw ⋅ M t_w ⋅ Zy_e + γg ⋅ M t_d. ⋅ Zx_e
fbc_e = 87.079 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.

−1
fq_e1_w. := γw ⋅ Rt_w. ⋅ Ae
fq_e1_w. = 3.467 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
−1
fq_e1_d. := γg ⋅ Rt_d. ⋅ Ae
fq_e1_d. = 0.044 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Deflection in the Transom Due to Wind Load:
q t_w2 ⋅ St ⋅ 
4 25 2 4
q t_w1 ⋅ St
4 −5⋅α + 2⋅α 
d t_w. := +
 8 
120 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_e 240 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_e
St
d t_w. = 9.258 ⋅ mm < = 13.75 ⋅ mm O.K.
180
Max. Deflection of the Transom Due to Dead Load:
4
5 ⋅ q t_d. ⋅ St
d t_d. :=
384 ⋅ Eal ⋅ Ix_e
St
d t_d. = 0.133 ⋅ mm < = 9.9 ⋅ mm or 3mm O.K.
250
2016/9/21 Page 67
Item :FS1
Section 7 Structural Analysis of Mullion(A1)

7.1 Structural analysis of female alum. mullion
2016/9/21 Page 68
Item :FS1
Design Wind Loads: wk = 4.087 ⋅ kPa

−1
q w := wk ⋅ ΔS q w = 3.065 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 69
Item :FS1
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLg := 1.1 ⋅ 22mm ⋅ ρg = 0.629 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Glass Pannel:
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLa := 0.5kN ⋅ m
Alum. Sheet:
Max. Linear Load:

−1
q dl := DLg ⋅ ΔS q dl = 0.472 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
−1
q d2 := DLa ⋅ ΔS q d2 = 0.375 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 70
Item :FS1
Load Combinations:
2016/9/21 Page 71
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 72
Item :FS1
Joint Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 73
Item :FS1
Frame Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 74
Item :FS1
Max. deflection :
4125mm
d f := 14.5865mm < d lim := = 22.917 ⋅ mm or 20mm O.K.
180
2016/9/21 Page 75
Item :FS1
Element Force :

4 0 COMB2 Combination -0.259 0 -11.882 0 -5.1377
4 0.15533 COMB2 Combination -0.173 0 -11.311 0 -3.3364
4 0.466 COMB2 Combination -9.828E-18 0 -10.168 0 -8.987E-16

m KN-m m
4 0 COMB2 0 4-1 0
4 0.15533 COMB2 0 4-1 0.15533
4 0.15533 COMB2 0 4-2 0
4 0.233 COMB2 0 4-2 0.07767
4 0.31067 COMB2 0 4-2 0.15533
4 0.31067 COMB2 0 4-3 0
4 0.466 COMB2 0 4-3 0.15533
N1 := 0.259kN ( Tensile Force, Comb2)
Vy := 11.882kN ( Shear Force, Comb2 )
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile AE132 Section :
2016/9/21 Page 76
Item :FS1

Depth 121.53709 mm Ip 1.15E+07 mm^4
Width 189.17642 mm rp 62.561988 mm
Perimeter 665.05426 mm Plastic Properties
Geometric Properties Zx 108026.67 mm^3
Area 2947.3253 mm^2 Zy 119706.16 mm^3
Ix 4906010 mm^4 PNA X -2.3937642 mm
Iy 6629829 mm^4 PNA Y -3.0539253 mm
Ixy 4735558 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 40.79906 mm Nodes 5141
Sy+ 71402.76 mm^3 ro 64.043659 mm
Sy- 68827.52 mm^3 H 0.9542646
Xc 0 mm Xsc 12.266328 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc -6.0930329 mm
I1 1.06E+07 mm^4 J 1571923 mm^4
I2 954562.71 mm^4 Β1 -14.815649 mm
α -50.157688 deg Minimum Results
S1- 95052.454 mm^3
S2+ 30953.947 mm^3
S2- 28476.576 mm^3
2
3
4

3
4
Max. Bending Stress

−1 −1
fbc_p1_w := M x1 ⋅ Zx_p1 + N1 ⋅ Ap1
Max. Shear Stress:

−1
fq_p1_w := Vy ⋅ Ap1
2016/9/21 Page 77
Item :FS1

3
Sx1 := 108026.67 ⋅ mm

buckling
4
4
6
Warping factor: Hp1 := 2405660700 ⋅ mm
Mono-symmetry factor: βx1 := −14.815649 mm
 2
π ⋅ Eal ⋅ Hp1
2 2

Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 
M cr :=
π
⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_p1 ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp1 ⋅  1+ + + ⋅
l  2 2 2l Gal ⋅ Jp1 
 l ⋅ G ⋅ J
al p1 4 ⋅ l ⋅ G ⋅ J
al p1 
M cr = 146.051 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p1
Sx1
Eal ⋅ Sx1
M cr
2016/9/21 Page 78
Item :FS1
ps = N ⋅ p 1
BS 8118
Annex - K
in which :
 1
N = ψ ⋅ 1 − 1 −
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
in which : ψ= ⋅ 1 + + 
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
λ p1
and where : λ' := ⋅ λ' = 0.29
π Eal
Get Get
λ'1 := 0.6 c := 0.1
so :
the perry factor
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
ψ := ⋅ 1 + +  ψ = 6.278
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
 1 
N := ψ ⋅  1 − 1 − N = 1.035
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
therefore
p's := N ⋅ p 1 p's = 117.346 ⋅ MPa

f0.2_T6 if p's ≥ f0.2_T6
 f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p1 p s ⋅ Sx1 

M RSY_fm = 10.205 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M x1
M RSY_fm
2016/9/21 Page 79
Item :FS1
7.2 Structural analysis of male alum. mullion
2016/9/21 Page 80
Item :FS1
Design Wind Loads: wk = 4.087 ⋅ kPa

−1
q w. := wk ⋅ ΔS q w. = 2.452 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 81
Item :FS1
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLg. := 1.1 ⋅ 30mm ⋅ ρg = 0.858 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Glass Pannel:
−2
Super Dead Loads of DLa. := 0.5kN ⋅ m
Alum. Sheet:
Max. Linear Load:

−1
q dl. := DLg. ⋅ ΔS q dl. = 0.515 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
−1
q d2. := DLa. ⋅ ΔS q d2. = 0.3 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 82
Item :FS1
Load Combinations:
2016/9/21 Page 83
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 84
Item :FS1
Joint Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 85
Item :FS1
Frame Nos. :
2016/9/21 Page 86
Item :FS1
Max. deflection :
4125mm
d f. := 7.8426mm < d lim. := = 22.917 ⋅ mm or 20mm O.K.
180
2016/9/21 Page 87
Item :FS1
Element Force :
4 0 COMB2 Combination -0.22 0 -9.48 0 -4.0982
4 0.466 COMB2 Combination -8.819E-18 0 -8.109 0 -6.615E-16

m KN-m m
4 0 COMB2 0 4-1 0
4 0.15533 COMB2 0 4-1 0.15533
4 0.15533 COMB2 0 4-2 0
4 0.233 COMB2 0 4-2 0.07767
4 0.31067 COMB2 0 4-2 0.15533
4 0.31067 COMB2 0 4-3 0
4 0.466 COMB2 0 4-3 0.15533
N1. := 0.22kN ( Tensile Force, Comb2)
Vy. := 9.48kN ( Shear Force, Comb2 )
Section Properties of the Alum. Extrusion Profile AE134 Section :
2016/9/21 Page 88
Item :FS1

Depth 189.17642 mm Ip 1.27E+07 mm^4
Width 142.67396 mm rp 64.124609 mm
Area 3095.0599 mm^2 Zy 114869.26 mm^3
Ix 7313272 mm^4 PNA X -0.3895131 mm
Iy 5413507 mm^4 PNA Y -0.3412618 mm
Ixy 4506973 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 48.609521 mm Nodes 4233
Sy+ 70608.115 mm^3 ro 64.595477 mm
Sy- 82017.604 mm^3 H 0.98547416
Xc 0 mm Xsc -7.7649037 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc 0.56251962 mm
I1 1.10E+07 mm^4 J 2792931 mm^4
I2 1757406 mm^4 Β1 13.056321 mm
S1- 102522.05 mm^3
S2+ 28583.121 mm^3
S2- 46537.148 mm^3
2
3
4

3
4
Max. Bending Stress

−1 −1
fbc_p1_w. := M x2 ⋅ Zx_p2 + N1. ⋅ Ap2
fbc_p1_w. = 56.17 ⋅ MPa < p o_T6 = 133.333 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Max. Shear Stress:

−1
fq_p1_w. := Vy. ⋅ Ap2
fq_p1_w. = 3.063 ⋅ MPa < p v_T6 = 79.167 ⋅ MPa O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 89
Item :FS1

3
Sx2 := 125531.9 ⋅ mm

buckling
4
4
6
Warping factor: Hp2 := 2583629500 ⋅ mm
Mono-symmetry factor: βx2 := 13.056321mm
 2
π ⋅ Eal ⋅ Hp2
2 2

Eal ⋅ Iy_p2 
⋅ Eal ⋅ Iy_p2 ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 ⋅  1 +
π
M cr. := + + ⋅
l  2 2 2l Gal ⋅ Jp2 
 l ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 4 ⋅ l ⋅ Gal ⋅ Jp2 
M cr = 146.051 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p2
Sx2
Eal ⋅ Sx2
M cr.
2016/9/21 Page 90
Item :FS1
ps = N ⋅ p 1
BS 8118
Annex - K
in which :
 1
N = ψ ⋅ 1 − 1 −
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
in which : ψ= ⋅ 1 + + 
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
λ p1
and where : λ' := ⋅ λ' = 0.252
π Eal
Get Get
λ'1 := 0.6 c := 0.1
so :
the perry factor
1  c 1 − c ⋅ λ'1 
ψ := ⋅ 1 + +  ψ = 8.071
2 λ' 2
 λ' 
 1 
N := ψ ⋅  1 − 1 − N = 1.039
2 2
 λ' ⋅ ψ 
therefore
p's := N ⋅ p 1 p's = 96.703 ⋅ MPa

f0.2_T6 if p's ≥ f0.2_T6
 f0.2_T6 ⋅ Zx_p2 p s ⋅ Sx2 

M RSY_fm = 9.74 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M x2
M RSY_fm
2016/9/21 Page 91
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 92
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 93
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 94
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 95
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 96
Item :FS1
Calculation of the alum frame:

Section Properties:
2
45*45*6 Aas = 936mm
4 3 3
Iax = 242892mm Zax = 540mm Sax = 10795.2mm
4 3 3
Iay = 242892mm Zay = 540mm Say = 10795.2mm
2
100*40*5 Abs = 1300mm
4 3 3
Ibx = 1510833.3mm Zbx = 1000mm Sbx = 30216.667mm
4 3 3
Iby = 330833.3mm Zby = 400mm Sby = 16541.667mm
b ) Load Analysis by sap2000

I) Input
Elements No.s & Support Condition
2016/9/21 Page 97
Item :FS1
Load
2016/9/21 Page 98
Item :FS1
2016/9/21 Page 99
Item :FS1
Section Property Data
2016/9/21 Page 100

Item :FS1
Matertial Property Data
2016/9/21 Page 101

Item :FS1
II. Output:
Moment and Shear and Axial Load due to ULS:1.2DL+1.4WL
2016/9/21 Page 102

Item :FS1
Verification of Stress:
Maximum ratio between stress in frame and the limiting strength of the material
AR = 0.952 < 1 OK
2016/9/21 Page 103

Item :FS1
Verification of Deflection
Deflection due to SLS: 1.0 DL+ 1.0 WL
The maximum deflection
Span of frame Ls = 1400mm
Ls
δmax = 5.4mm < δlim = = 5.6 ⋅ mm OK
250
2016/9/21 Page 104

Item :FS1
Section 9 Connection Calculation
Design Force:
Table: Joint Reactions
Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType StepNum StepLabel F1 F2 F3
KN KN KN
4 COMB2 Combination 0. 32.593 3.882
6 COMB2 Combination 0. -17.515 0.
83 COMB2 Combination 0. 7.865 0.
Adopt 3 nos. M12 Grade A4-70 bolts

Nos. of brackets per fixing n b := 2
Nos. of bolts per bracket n c := 3
Diameter of bolt d := 12mm

2
Shear/tensile area of bolt As := 84.3mm
Vertical edge distance of d v1 := 25mm

bolt
bolt
Wind load per fixing
WL := 45.461kN
Dead load per fixing DL := 4.219kN
Design Strength for Shear: p q_70 = 311 ⋅ MPa
2016/9/21 Page 104

Item :FS1
1) Check Shear
WL
Shear due to WL per Vw := = 7.577 ⋅ kN
bolt nb ⋅ nc
DL
Shear due to DL per Vd := = 0.703 ⋅ kN
bolt nb ⋅ nc
Eccentricity ed1 := 18.23mm ed2 := 17.59mm
WL DL
Moment due to DL M d := ⋅ ed2 − ⋅ ed1
nb nb
M d = 0.361 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M d ⋅ 69.33mm
Shear due to Md Vm := = 2.961 ⋅ kN
( 59.67mm) 2 + ( 9.67mm) 2 + ( 69.33mm) 2
Horizontal shear per Vh := Vw + Vm = 10.538 ⋅ kN

bolt
Vertical shear per Vv := Vd = 0.703 ⋅ kN
bolt
2 2
Resultant shear per bolt V := Vh + Vv = 10.562 ⋅ kN
(factored)
Shear capacity of Psb := p q_70 ⋅ As
bolt
Psb = 26.217 ⋅ kN > V = 10.562 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Tension
Lever arm la1 := 22mm
la2 := 22mm
Eccentricity of WL ew := 42mm
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL per s ide M w :=
nb
M w = 0.955 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Mw
Tension due to Mw per bolt Tw :=
⋅ min( la1 , la2) ⋅ n c
5
6
Tw = 17.358 ⋅ kN
Eccentricity of DL ed2 := 42mm
2016/9/21 Page 105

Item :FS1
DL ⋅ ed2
Moment due to DL per s ide M d. := = 0.089 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
M d.
Tension due to Md per bolt Td := = 0.851 ⋅ kN
⋅ ( s + d v1)
5
6
Total tension per bolt (factored) T := Tw + Td = 18.208 ⋅ kN
Tensile capacity of bolt Ptb := p t_70 ⋅ As
Ptb = 31.528 ⋅ kN > T = 18.208 ⋅ kN OK
3) Check Combined Actions

V T
Combined + = 0.98 < 1.4 OK
actions Psb Ptb
4) Check Bearing
Thickness of mullion t 2 = 4.5 ⋅ mm
a) Check bearing of bolts
Resultant shear per bolt (factored) V = 10.562 ⋅ kN
Bearing capacity of bolt Pbb := d ⋅ t 1 ⋅ p b_70
Pbb = 55.062 ⋅ kN > V = 10.562 ⋅ kN OK
b) Check bearing of bearing channel and mullion to BS8118
Resultant force per bolt R := V = 10.562 ⋅ kN
Edge distance of e1 := 22mm

bolt
c=2
Bearing capacity of bearing BRP := min( e1 ⋅ t 1 ⋅ p o_T6 , c ⋅ d ⋅ t 1 ⋅ p o_T6)

channel
BRP = 16.72 ⋅ kN > R = 10.562 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 106

Item :FS1
CHECK ALUMINIUM ANGLE BRACKET
Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Nos. of brackets per fixing nb = 2 Pt.B
Thickness of bracket t 1 = 12 ⋅ mm
Length of bracket L = 214 ⋅ mm
Nos. of bolts connecting mullion & nc = 3 Pt.A

bracket
Dia. of M12 bolt connecting d = 12 ⋅ mm
mullion & bracket
At Pt. A,
1) Check Tension
WL
Tension due to WL per bracket T. := = 22.73 ⋅ kN
nb
2
Shear/tensile Av. := L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t 1 = 2064 ⋅ mm
area
Factored tensile PRS := p o_1T6 ⋅ Av.
resistance
PRS = 412.8 ⋅ kN > T. = 22.73 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Shear
DL
Shear due to DL per brack et V.. := = 2.11 ⋅ kN
nb
Factored shear VRS. := p v_1T6 ⋅ Av.

resistance
VRS. = 249.4 ⋅ kN > V.. = 2.11 ⋅ kN OK
3) Check Moment
Eccentricity of WL ew = 42 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL per bracket M :=
nb
M = 0.955 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ nc ⋅ t1 3
Section S := = 6192 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Factored moment M RS := p o_1T6 ⋅ S = 1.238 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

resistance
2016/9/21 Page 107

Item :FS1
> M = 0.955 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
4) Check Torsion
Eccentricity of DL ed := 42mm
DL ⋅ ed
Torsion due to DL per bracket M t :=
nb
4
M t = 8.86 × 10 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
3
L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t1 4 4
Torsion constants J := = 9.907 × 10 ⋅ mm
3
Mt ⋅ t1
Tossioal τts := = 10.731 ⋅ MPa
stress J
Factored torsional τtRS := p v_1T6

resistance
τtRS = 120.833 ⋅ MPa > τts = 10.731 ⋅ MPa OK
T. V.. M τts
Combined + + + = 0.923 < 1 OK
actions PRS VRS. M RS τtRS
6) Check Bearing
Thickness of mullion t 1 = 12 ⋅ mm
Pbb = 115.92 ⋅ kN > V = 10.562 ⋅ kN OK
Edge distance of e1 := 23.13mm

bolt
c=2

channel
BRP = 37.008 ⋅ kN > R = 10.562 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 108

Item :FS1
At Pt. B,
1) Check Shear
2 2
WL + DL
Shear due to WL per brack et V1 := = 22.828 ⋅ kN
nb
length of section L := 125.5mm
Shear area Av1 := L ⋅ t 2
3 2
Av1 = 1.757 × 10 ⋅ mm
Factored shear VRS1 := p v_1T6 ⋅ Av1

resistance
VRS1 = 212.304 ⋅ kN > V1 = 22.828 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment about Minor Axis
Eccentricity of WL ew = 36 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL M w. := = 0.818 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
2
L ⋅ t2 3
Section S. := = 6149.5 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
3 3
S. = 6.15 × 10 ⋅ mm
Factored moment M RSy := p o_1T6 ⋅ S.

resistance
M RSy = 1.23 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2016/9/21 Page 109

Item :FS1
> M w. = 0.818 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
3) Check Moment about Major Axis
Eccentricity of DL ed = 36 ⋅ mm
DL ⋅ ed
Moment due to DL M d.. := = 0.076 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
2
t2 ⋅ L 3
Section S.. := = 55125.875 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Factored moment M RSx := p o_1T6 ⋅ S..

resistance
M RSx = 11.025 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M d.. = 0.076 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

OK

V1 M w. M d..
Combined + + = 0.78 < 1 OK
actions VRS1 M RSy M RSx
CHECK ALUMINIUM BRACKET

Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Nos. of brackets per fixing n := 2
Thickness of bracket t a := 14mm
La := 23.46mm
1) Check Shear
WL
Shear due to WL V2 := = 22.73 ⋅ kN
n
2
Shear Av2 := La ⋅ t a = 328.44 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS2 = 39.687 ⋅ kN > V2 = 22.73 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 110

Item :FS1
2) Check Moment
Eccentricity of WL ew = 38.75 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL M 2 := = 0.881 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
n
2
t a ⋅ La 3
Section S2 := = 8750 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Factored moment M RS2 := p v_1T6 ⋅ S2

resistance
M RS2 = 1.057 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 2 = 0.881 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
CHECK M12 BOLTS CONNECTING ALUMINIUM ANGLE BRACKETS
Assume M12 bolt take tension due to moment while serration take shear due to WL.
Nos. of bolts per fixing n=2

2
Shear/tensile area of M12 As = 84.3 ⋅ mm
bolt
Lever arm la := 75mm
Eccentricity of DL ed = 9.04 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew + DL ⋅ ed
Moment due to WL (factored) M :=
nb
M = 2.627 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2
 WL M  DL  = 46.409 ⋅ kN
Shear force per bolt V3 :=  +  
+ 
(factored)  n b ⋅ n la   n b ⋅ n 
Shear capacity of bolt Psb. := p q_70 ⋅ As
Psb. = 48.734 ⋅ kN > V3 = 46.409 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 111

Item :FS1
CHECK SERRATION CONNECTION BETWEEN ALUMINIUM BRACKETS
Check Shear
Shear force of washer Vw. := V3 = 46.409 ⋅ kN
Assume only area of washers be in contact.
Dia. of M12 bolt connecting brackets d = 14 ⋅ mm
Width of washer b w := 40mm
Thickness of washer t w := 18mm
Edge distance of e1 = 17.5 ⋅ mm

bolt
2
Shear Av3 := b w − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t w = 432 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS3 = 52.2 ⋅ kN > Vw. = 46.409 ⋅ kN OK
Bearing capacity of bearing BRP := min( e1 ⋅ t w ⋅ p b_70 , d ⋅ t w ⋅ p b_70)

channel
BRP = 202.86 ⋅ kN > Vw. = 46.409 ⋅ kN OK
Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Thickness of t a = 15 ⋅ mm
brackets
t b = 20 ⋅ mm

Length of bracket at Pt. A La = 195.85 ⋅ mm
Length of bracket at Pt. B Lb := 224mm
Pt.B
2016/9/21 Page 112

Item :FS1
At Pt. A
1) Check Tension
WL
Tension due to WL T4 := = 22.73 ⋅ kN
2
3 2
Shear/tensile Av4 := La − 2 ⋅ ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t a = 2.458 × 10 ⋅ mm
area
Factored tensile PRS4 := p o_1T6 ⋅ Av4
resistance
PRS4 = 491.55 ⋅ kN > T4 = 22.73 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Shear
DL
2

resistance
VRS4 = 296.978 ⋅ kN > V4 = 2.11 ⋅ kN OK
3) Check Moment
Eccentricity of WL ew1 = 84.33 ⋅ mm
Eccentricity of DL ed1. := 46.55mm + 22mm = 68.55 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew1 + DL ⋅ ed1.
Moment due to WL & DL M 4 := = 2.061 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
2
La ⋅ t a 3
Section S4 := − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t a ⋅ la = 125839.584 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Factored moment M RS4 := p o_1T6 ⋅ S4

resistance
M RS4 = 25.168 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 4 = 2.061 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK

T4 V4 M4
Combined + + = 0.135 < 1 OK
actions PRS4 VRS4 M RS4
At Pt. B,
Dia. of bolts connecting d = 12 ⋅ mm

angle bracket to channel
2016/9/21 Page 113

Item :FS1
1) Check Shear
2 2
WL + DL
2
3 2
Shear/tensile Av5 := Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n ⋅ t b = 4.2 × 10 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS5 = 507.5 ⋅ kN > V5 = 22.828 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment
ew = 52 ⋅ mm
Moment due to WL & DL M 51 := 0.5( WL ⋅ ew2 + DL ⋅ ed) = 1.707 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M 52 := 0.5WL ⋅ ew = 1.182 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2
Lb ⋅ t b ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t b 3
Section S51 := − = 249900 ⋅ mm
modulus 4 4
2
Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ tb 3
S52 := = 21000 ⋅ mm
4

resistance
M RS51 = 49.98 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 51 = 1.707 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
M RS52 := p o_1T6 ⋅ S52
M RS52 = 4.2 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 52 = 1.182 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
3) Check Torsion
Eccentricity of DL ed2. := 67mm + 22mm = 89 ⋅ mm
DL ⋅ ed2.
Torsion due to DL per bracket M t5 := = 0.188 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
3
Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ tb 4
Torsion constants J5 := = 560000 ⋅ mm
3
2016/9/21 Page 114

Item :FS1
M t5 ⋅ t b
Tossioal M ts5 := = 6.705 ⋅ MPa
stress J5
Factored torsional M tRS5 := p v_1T6

resistance
M tRS5 = 120.833 ⋅ MPa > M ts5 = 6.705 ⋅ MPa OK
V5 M ts5 M 51 M 52
Combined + + + = 0.416 < 1 OK
actions VRS5 M tRS5 M RS51 M RS52
2016/9/21 Page 115

Item :FS1
Secton 10 VERIFICATION OF STACK JOINT SLEEVE

Max. force:
Table: Element Joint Forces - Frames
Frame Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2
KN KN KN KN-m KN-m
10 45 COMB2 Combination 0 -25.327 -2.875 0 0
Shear due to WL Fv := 25.327kN
Thickness of transom t t := 4.5mm
Thickness of t s := 7.5mm
sleeve
 t t3 
Shear taken by Fvt := Fv ⋅   = 4.499 ⋅ kN
transom  t 3 + t 3
 t s 
 t s3 
Shear taken by Fvs := Fv ⋅   = 20.828 ⋅ kN
sleeve  t 3 + t 3
 t s 
Check Local Reaction of Transom
Adopt Grade 6063-T6
Eccentricity of Fvt e = 45 ⋅ mm
Length of sleeve L = 350 ⋅ mm
1) Check Shear
Shear due to V1. := Fvt = 4.499 ⋅ kN

Fvt
2016/9/21 Page 116

Item :FS1
3 2
Shear area Av_1 := ( e + L + e) ⋅ t t = 1.98 × 10 ⋅ mm
(assume 45o load
spreading)
Shear capacity of Vc := p v_T6 ⋅ Av_1
transom
Vc = 156.75 ⋅ kN > V1. = 4.499 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment
Moment due to Fvt M 1. := Fvt ⋅ e = 0.202 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
( e + L + e) ⋅ t t 3
Section modulus S1. := = 2227.5 ⋅ mm
4
(assume 45o load spreading)
Moment capacity of transom M c := p o_T6 ⋅ S1.
M c = 0.297 ⋅ kN ⋅ m > M 1. = 0.202 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK

V1. M 1.
Combined + = 0.71 < 1 OK
actions Vc Mc
Check Aluminum Sleeve (Lg.300mm)
Adopt Grade 6061-T6
1) Check Shear
Shear due to Fvs V2. := Fvs = 20.828 ⋅ kN
3 2
Shear Av_2 := L ⋅ t s = 2.625 × 10 ⋅ mm
area
2016/9/21 Page 117

Item :FS1
2
Av_2 = 2625 ⋅ mm
Shear capacity of sleeve Vc. := p v_1T6 ⋅ Av_1
Vc. = 239.25 ⋅ kN > V2. = 20.828 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment
Eccentricity of Fvs e = 39.5 ⋅ mm
Moment due to Fvs M 2. := Fvs ⋅ e = 0.823 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
L ⋅ ts 3
Section S2. := = 4921.875 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Moment capacity of sleeve M c. := p o_1T6 ⋅ S2.
M c. = 0.984 ⋅ kN ⋅ m > M 2. = 0.823 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
V2. M 2.
Combined + = 0.923 < 1 OK
actions Vc. M c.
2016/9/21 Page 118

Item :FS1
Section 11 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF EMBEDDMENT

11.1 Reactions:
Joint OutputCase CaseType F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
4 COMB3 Combination 0. 38.025 4.529 0. 0. 0.
6 COMB3 Combination 0. -20.434 0. 0. 0. 0.
83 COMB3 Combination 0. 9.176 0. 0. 0. 0.
Design Force:
Fy := 45.816kN Fz := 17.531kN Fx := 0 ⋅ kN
Design Moment:
M x := Fy ⋅ 46mm + Fz ⋅ 66mm = 3.265 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
11.2 Strength Analysis of Precast-in Embeddment:(400x200x12 mm Thk.G.M.S.Plate):
(1)Checking the S275 Steel Rod:
Use 4 Nos.Dia.12 Grade S275 Steel Rod,L=80 mm:
Effective Area of Rod:

2
 12mm  ⋅ π ⋅ 0.9 = 101.788 ⋅ mm2
Ab :=  2 
 
2016/9/21 Page 119

Item :FS1
Calculation the Neutral Axis Location:dn
205GPa
n := = 7.765
26.4GPa
p cc := 45 ⋅ 0.4MPa = 18 ⋅ MPa (Compressive Strength of Grade 45 Concrete)
p t := 275 ⋅ 0.87MPa = 239.25 ⋅ MPa (Tensile Strength of Grade S275 Steel Rod)
Mx 200mm
e := = 71.254 ⋅ mm > − 50mm = 50 ⋅ mm So:
Fy 2
  ( 50mm) 
2 
d n := root400mm ⋅ x ⋅  e + 100mm −
x
− e −  ⋅ 4 Ab ⋅ n ⋅ ( 200mm − 2x) , x , 17.899mm , 17.9mm
2

  3  100mm − x 
d n = 17.899 ⋅ mm
Compressive Strength on Concrete Surface:
 ( 50mm)  2
2Fy ⋅ e − 
 100mm − d n
fcc := = 4.195 ⋅ MPa < p cc = 18 ⋅ MPa O.K.
 ( 50mm)
2 d n
400mm ⋅ d n ⋅ 100mm + − 
 100mm − d n 3
Tensile Force at Rod:
 dn 
 ⋅ ( 150mm − d n)
Fy ⋅  e + 100mm −
Ft :=
  3
= 21.814 ⋅ kN
 2 d n
−  ⋅ ( 220mm − 2d n)
( 50mm)
2 ⋅ 100mm +
 100mm − d n 3
Ft ⋅ ( 50mm − d n)
Ft1 := = 5.301 ⋅ kN
150mm − d n
Shear Force at Each Rod Section:
Fz
Fs := = 4.383 ⋅ kN
4
Tensile Strength at Rod:
Ft
ft_b := = 214.305 ⋅ MPa < p t = 239.25 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Ab
Shear Strength at Each Rod Section:
2016/9/21 Page 120

Item :FS1
Fs pt
fs_b := = 43.058 ⋅ MPa < = 138.131 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Ab 3
Total Strength at Each Rod Section:
ft_b 3 ⋅ fs_b
+ = 1.207 < 1.4 O.K.
pt pt
So Use 4 Nos.Dia.12 Grade S275 Steel Rod,L=80 mm O.K.
(2)Check the Weld around the Steel Rod:
Total Force on Weld:
Fwe := Ft = 21.814 ⋅ kN
Try 8 mm Fillet Weld All Round: ϕ := 12mm
Total Stress on Weld:
Fwe
fwe_bar := = 103.326 ⋅ MPa < p fw_s275 := 220MPa O.K.
π ⋅ ϕ ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 8 mm
(3)Check 500x230x12 mm Thk. G.M.S. Cast-in Plate:
Base Plate Thickness: t := 12mm
Yield Strength: p y_S275 := 275MPa
Safety Factor: γM := 1.0
Design Monmet:
1  dn  −1
M 1 := ⋅ fcc ⋅ d n ⋅  77.3mm −  = 2.678 ⋅ kN ⋅ m ⋅ m
2  3 
Base Plate Thickness Required:
4M 1 ⋅ γM
t 1. := = 6.241 ⋅ mm < t = 12 ⋅ mm O.K.
p y_S275
4Ft ⋅ 27.3mm ⋅ γM
t 2. := = 10.498 ⋅ mm < t = 12 ⋅ mm O.K. (assume 45o load spreading)
( 2 ⋅ 27.3mm + 2ϕ) ⋅ p y_S275
Shear Strength in the Section:
2016/9/21 Page 121

Item :FS1
Thicknes of the Section: t = 12 ⋅ mm
Length of the Section: L := 400mm
1.5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ Ft p y_S275
fql := = 13.633 ⋅ MPa < = 158.771 ⋅ MPa
L⋅t 3 O.K.
(4)Checking the Concrete Pull-out Resistance:

Load Bearing Area of the Head of the Fastener:
2 π 2 3 2
Ah := ( 60mm) − ⋅ ϕ = 3.487 × 10 ⋅ mm
4
Pull-out Resistance:
ψucr_N := 1.0
γMp := 1.8 (1.8 for systems with normal installation safety as given in BS DD CEN TS 1992-4-1-2009 clause 4.4.3.1.2)
fcu := 45MPa
−1
NRd_p := 6Ah ⋅ fcu ⋅ ψucr_N ⋅ γMp = 523.035 ⋅ kN > Ft = 21.814 ⋅ kN O.K.
(6)Checking the Concrete Cone Resistance:
Active Anchorage: Lact := 92mm
Characteristic Resistance of A Single Fastener:

1.5 0.5
NRk_c0 := 8.5 ⋅ fcu ⋅ Lact ⋅ ( MPa ⋅ mm) = 50.316 ⋅ kN
AcN := 6 ⋅ Lact ⋅ ( 1.5 ⋅ Lact + 100mm + 100mm) = 1.866 × 10 ⋅ mm

5 2
2 4 2
AcN_O := 9 ⋅ Lact = 7.618 × 10 ⋅ mm
Construction Tolerances:
level: 22mm
Disturbance of the Distribution of Stresses in the Concrete Due to Edges Factor:
100mm
ψs_N := 0.7 + 0.3 ⋅ = 0.917
1.5 ⋅ Lact
Shell Spalling Factor:
ψre_N := 1.0
2016/9/21 Page 122

Item :FS1
Eccentricity of the Resulting Tensile Load Acting on

the Tensioned Fasteners:
2
( 50mm)
eN := = 30.45 ⋅ mm
100mm − d n
Where s cr,N=3Lact=276mm
Where s 1 =300mm>s cr,N,s 2 =100mm,c 1 =0.5s cr,N,c 2 =100mm

Load Eccentricity Factor:
1
ψec_N := = 0.819
−1
1 + 2 ⋅ eN ⋅ ( 3 ⋅ Lact)
Concrete Cone Resistance:
ψucr_N = 1 γMc := 1.8
NRk_c0 AcN
NRd_c := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_N ⋅ ψre_N ⋅ ψec_N ⋅ ψucr_N = 51.456 ⋅ kN < 2 ( Ft + Ft1) = 54.229 ⋅ kN
γMc AcN_O
Use the supplementary reinforcement.
So,we should check the resistance of the supplementary reinforcement.
Check the Steel Failure of the Supplementary Reinforcement:
Number of Legs of the Supplementary Reinforcement Effective for One Fastener:

n=4
Cross Section of One Leg of the Supplementary Reinforcement:
2
As. := π ⋅ 
10mm  2
 = 78.54 ⋅ mm
 2 
Nominal Yield Strength of the Supplementary Reinforcement:
fyk := 500MPa
2016/9/21 Page 123

Item :FS1
Partial factors:
γMs_re := 1.15
−1
NRd_re := n ⋅ As. ⋅ fyk ⋅ γMs_re = 136.591 ⋅ kN > Ft = 21.814 ⋅ kN
Check the Anchorage Failure of the Supplementary Reinforcement in the Concrete Cone:
Number of Legs of the Supplementary Reinforcement Effective for One Fastener:

n=4
Anchorage Length of the Supplementary Reinforcement in the Assumed Failure Cone:
l 1 := 70mm
Diameter of the Reinforcement Bar:
d s := 10mm
Design Ultimate Anchorage Bond Stress:
β := 0.28
0.5
fbu := fcu ⋅ β ⋅ MPa = 1.878 ⋅ MPa
−1
NRd_a := n ⋅ l 1 ⋅ π ⋅ d s ⋅ fbu ⋅ 0.7 = 23.603 ⋅ kN > Ft = 21.814 ⋅ kN O.K.
Requirement Anchorage Outside the Assumed Failure Cone:

Ft
Lreq := = 92.417 ⋅ mm < l bd := 100mm O.K.
n ⋅ π ⋅ d s ⋅ fbu
2016/9/21 Page 124

Item :FS1
(6)Checking the Splitting Resistance:
NRk_0 := min( NRk_c0 , NRd_p ⋅ γMp) = 50.316 ⋅ kN
AcN_1 := ( 4 ⋅ Lact + 300mm) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ Lact + 100mm + 100mm) = 2.565 × 10 ⋅ mm

5 2
2 5 2
AcN_O_1 := 16 ⋅ Lact = 1.354 × 10 ⋅ mm
100mm
ψs_N. := 0.7 + 0.3 ⋅ = 0.863
2 ⋅ Lact
ψre_N = 1 ψucr_N = 1 γMsp := 1.8 ψh_sp := 1
1
ψec_N. := = 0.858
−1
1 + 2 ⋅ eN ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ Lact)
Splitting Resistance:
Where s cr,N=4Lact=368mm
Where s 1 =300mm,s 2 =100mm,c 1 =0.5s cr,N,c 2 =100mm
NRk_0 AcN_1
NRd_sp := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_N. ⋅ ψre_N ⋅ ψec_N. ⋅ ψh_sp ⋅ ψucr_N = 39.208 ⋅ kN < 2 ( Ft + Ft1) = 54.229 ⋅ kN
γMsp AcN_O_1
2016/9/21 Page 125

Item :FS1
So,we shoulid configure reinforcement to resist the splitting forces and limits the crack width to wk<= 0.3mm.
The required cross-section As1 of the splitting reinforcement may be determined as follows：
fyk = 500 ⋅ MPa γMs_re = 1.15
γMs_re ⋅ 0.5 ⋅ 2 ( Ft + Ft1) 2

As1 := = 62.363 ⋅ mm
fyk
(7)Checking the Blow-out Resistance:

0.5
NRk_cb0 := 8 ⋅ 87mm ⋅ Ah ⋅ fcu ⋅ MPa = 275.699 ⋅ kN
5 2
AcNb := ( 255mm − 22mm) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 100 mm + 300mm) = 1.631 × 10 ⋅ mm
2 5 2
AcNb_0 := ( 4 ⋅ 100 mm) = 1.6 × 10 ⋅ mm
Effect of the Disturbance of the Distribution of Stresses in the Concrete Due to a Corner: Where c 1 =39mm
ψs_Nb := 1.0
Effect of the Bearing Area on the Behaviour of Groups:
2 + ( 1 − 2 ) ⋅ 300 mm ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 100 mm)

−1
ψg_Nb := = 1.104
Eccentricity of the Resulting Tensile Load in Respect of the Centre of Gravity of the Tensioned Fasteners:
eN = 30.45 ⋅ mm
Effect of the eccentricity of the load:

1
ψec_Nb := = 0.868
−1
1 + 2 ⋅ eN ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 100 mm)
ψucr_N = 1 γMc = 1.8

Where c 1 =100mm,s=300mm
NRk_cb0 AcNb
NRd_cb := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_Nb ⋅ ψec_Nb ⋅ ψucr_N = 135.503 ⋅ kN > 2 ⋅ Ft = 43.627 ⋅ kN O.K.
γMc AcNb_0
2016/9/21 Page 126

Item :FS1
(8)Checking the Concrete Edge Resistance:
Active Anchorage: Lact = 92 ⋅ mm
l f := min( 8 ⋅ ϕ , Lact) = 92 ⋅ mm c1 := 100mm
0.5 0.2
 lf 
β. := 0.1 ⋅ 
ϕ
α := 0.1 ⋅   = 0.096  = 0.065
 c1   c1 
α β.
ϕ   lf 
VRk_c0 := 1.6 ⋅ 
1.5 0.5
 ⋅  ⋅ fcu ⋅ c1 ⋅ ( MPa ⋅ mm) = 18.312 ⋅ kN
 mm   mm 
2 4 2
AcV := 9 ⋅ c1 = 9 × 10 ⋅ mm
2 4 2
AcV_O := 4.5 ⋅ c1 = 4.5 × 10 ⋅ mm
Disturbance of the Distribution of Stresses in the Concrete Due to Futher Edges Factor:
ψs_V := 1.0
Thickness of the Structural Component Factor:

ψh_V := 1.0

ψec_V := 1.0
Load Direction Factor:

ψα_V := 1.0
Position of the Fastening Factor:

ψre_V := 1.2

γMc = 1.8
Where s 2 =300mm,h=1.5c 1 =130.5mm<255mm-22mm=233mm
2016/9/21 Page 127

Item :FS1
VRk_c0 AcV
VRd_c := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_V ⋅ ψh_V ⋅ ψec_V ⋅ ψα_V ⋅ ψre_V = 24.417 ⋅ kN > 2Fs = 8.765 ⋅ kN
γMc AcV_O
(9)Checking the Pry-out Resistance:
VRd_cp := 2 ⋅ NRd_c = 102.911 ⋅ kN > 4Fs = 17.531 ⋅ kN O.K.

So Use 4 Nos.Dia.12 Grade S275 Steel Rod,L=80mm O.K.
(10)Check Combined Tension and Shear Load:

2 2
3 3
 2Ft   2Fs  O.K.
N  +  V  = 0.975 < 1
 Rd_cb   Rd_c 
2016/9/21 Page 128

Item :FS1
Check #14 Screws Connecting Transom & Mullion

Assume 4 screws at each end of transom taking wind load, dead load and torsional
moment due to dead load and wind load.
Grade A4-70 to Concise Guide to Structural Design of Stainless Steel
Shear strength of Grade A2-70 / A4-70 p v := 310MPa
Tensile strength of Grade A2-70 / A4-70 p t := 373MPa
Bearing strength of Grade A2-70 / A4-70 p bb := 828MPa
2
Shear/tensile area of #14 screw Av := 18.7mm
Diameter of screw d := 6.3mm

.
1) Check Shear
Horizontal shear Fw := 0.5Fv = 12.664 ⋅ kN
Vertical shear FG := Se2_d + Ss2_d = 2.761 ⋅ kN
Fw
Horizontal shear per Vw :=
screw 6
Vw = 2.111 ⋅ kN
FG
Vertical shear per screw Vd :=
6
Vd = 0.46 ⋅ kN
Eccentricity ew := 86.09mm ed := 72.17mm
Moment at connection M := Fw ⋅ ew + FG ⋅ ed
M = 1.289 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2
Polar moment of inertia of screw group Ip := ( 41.02mm) ⋅ 4 + 6 ( 23.93mm)
2016/9/21 Page 129

Item :FS1
4 2
Ip = 1.017 × 10 ⋅ mm
2 2
Distance from extreme screw (s3) r := ( 41.02mm) + ( 23.93mm)
to centroid
r = 47.49 ⋅ mm
M⋅r
Shear due to M V :=
Ip
V = 6.023 ⋅ kN
ψ := atan 
41.02mm 

 23.93mm 
ψ = 59.742 ⋅ deg
Horizontal shear induced by M per screw Hm := V ⋅ cos( ψ)
Hm = 3.035 ⋅ kN
Vertical shear induced by M per screw Vm := V ⋅ sin( ψ)
Vm = 5.203 ⋅ kN
Total horizontal shear per screw Vh := Vw + Hm
Vh = 5.146 ⋅ kN
Total vertical shear per screw Vv := Vd + Vm
Vv = 5.663 ⋅ kN
2 2
Resultant shear per screw (factored) V := Vv + Vh
V = 7.652 ⋅ kN
Shear capacity of Vc := p v ⋅ Av
screw
Vc = 8.736 ⋅ kN > V = 7.652 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 130

Item :FS1
2) Check Bearing
a) Check bearing of screw
Resultant force per screw (factored) V = 7.652 ⋅ kN
Edge distance of screw e := 20mm
Thickness of mullion t := 4mm
Bearing capacity of screw Pbb := d ⋅ t ⋅ p bb to Cl. 5.2.2(b)
Pbb = 20.866 ⋅ kN > V = 7.652 ⋅ kN OK
b) Check bearing of mullion to BS8118
Resultant force per screw R := V
R = 7.652 ⋅ kN
c := 2 to Cl. 6.4.4
 e ⋅ t ⋅ pa c ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ pa 
Bearing capacity of mullion BRP := min ,  to Cl. 6.4.4
 1.2 1.2 
BRP = 7.35 ⋅ kN > R = 7.652 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 131

Item :FS1
Check ST6.3 Screws Connecting Transom & Mullion

Assume 4 screws at each end of transom taking wind load, dead load and torsional
moment due to dead load and wind load.
2
Shear/tensile area of ST6.3 screw Av := 17.35mm

.
1) Check Shear
Horizontal shear Fw := Se1_w + Ss1_w = 1.551 ⋅ kN
Vertical shear FG := Se1_d + Ss1_d = 1.087 ⋅ kN
Fw
Horizontal shear per Vw :=
screw 4
Vw = 0.388 ⋅ kN
FG
Vertical shear per screw Vd :=
4
Vd = 0.272 ⋅ kN
Eccentricity ew := 0.2mm ed := 76.58mm
Moment at connection M := Fw ⋅ ew + FG ⋅ ed
M = 0.084 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2 2 2
Polar moment of inertia of screw group Ip := ( 28.87mm) ⋅ 4 + 2 ( 16.3mm) + ( 10.3mm) + ( 22.28mm)
3 2
Ip = 4.468 × 10 ⋅ mm
2 2
Distance from extreme screw (s3) r := ( 28.87mm) + ( 16.3mm)
to centroid
2016/9/21 Page 132

Item :FS1
r = 33.154 ⋅ mm
M⋅r
Shear due to M V :=
Ip
V = 620.101 ⋅ N
ψ := atan 
28.87mm 

 16.3mm 
ψ = 60.551 ⋅ deg
Horizontal shear induced by M per screw Hm := V ⋅ cos( ψ)
Hm = 0.305 ⋅ kN
Vertical shear induced by M per screw Vm := V ⋅ sin( ψ)
Vm = 0.54 ⋅ kN
Total horizontal shear per screw Vh := Vw + Hm
Vh = 0.693 ⋅ kN
Total vertical shear per screw Vv := Vd + Vm
Vv = 0.812 ⋅ kN
2 2
Resultant shear per screw (factored) V := Vv + Vh
V = 1.067 ⋅ kN
screw
Vc = 5.379 ⋅ kN > V = 1.067 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 133

Item :FS1
2) Check Bearing
Resultant force per screw (factored) V = 1.067 ⋅ kN
Edge distance of screw e := 20mm
Pbb = 20.866 ⋅ kN > V = 1.067 ⋅ kN OK
Resultant force per screw R := V
3
R = 1.067 × 10 ⋅ N
c := 2 to Cl. 6.4.4
 e ⋅ t ⋅ pa c ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ pa 
Bearing capacity of mullion BRP := min ,  to Cl. 6.4.4
 1.2 1.2 
BRP = 7.35 ⋅ kN > R = 1.067 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 134

Item :FS1
Check M5 Screws Connecting Extruded Alum. Framing& Mullion

M5X19@250 screw at Alum. Framing taking wind load and moment due to wind load.
2
Shear/tensile area of M5 screw A5t = 14.2 ⋅ mm
Diameter of screw d := 5mm

.
1) Check Tension
Width of glass pannel W := 2.475m
Wind load Fw := 1.4wk ⋅ 0.5W ⋅ 250 mm = 1.77 ⋅ kN
Eccentricity of WL ew := 21.25mm
Moment at connection M := Fw ⋅ ew
M = 0.038 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M
Tension due to M T :=
17.5mm
T = 2.15 ⋅ kN
Tensile capacity of Tc := p t ⋅ A5t

screw
Tc = 5.297 ⋅ kN > T = 2.15 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 135

Item :FS1
Check Extruded Alum. Framing

Alum. Framing taking wind load and moment due to wind load.
Section Properties of the Extruded Alum. Framing:

Depth 9.536124 mm Ip 36218.847 mm^4
Width 44.398222 mm rp 14.105703 mm
Area 182.03092 mm^2 Zy 2225.1681 mm^3
Ix 936.2526 mm^4 PNA X -0.0507239 mm
Iy 35282.595 mm^4 PNA Y -0.581181 mm
Ixy -379.4676 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 2.2679002 mm Nodes 26173
Sy+ 1541.9313 mm^3 ro 14.360319 mm
Sy- 1639.8197 mm^3 H 0.9648533
Xc 0 mm Xsc -0.7762907 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc -2.5778444 mm
Principal Properties Cw 249643.02 mm^6
I1 35286.787 mm^4 J 625.94259 mm^4
I2 932.06065 mm^4 Β1 -0.7092182 mm
α 89.367084 deg Minimum Results
S1- 1540.2521 mm^3
S2+ 131.23734 mm^3
S2- 324.91322 mm^3

2
Section Area: As = 182.0309 ⋅ mm
3
Plastic Modulus: Zx := 292.36214 ⋅ mm
2016/9/21 Page 136

Item :FS1
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix := 936.2526mm
Width of glass pannel W = 2.475 m

−1
Wind load q w := γw wk ⋅ 0.5W = 6.069 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Bending Moment on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:

2
M p1 := 0.083q w ⋅ ( 250mm) multi-span beam
M p1 = 0.031 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Shear Force of the Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
Rt := 0.5q w ⋅ 250 mm = 0.759 ⋅ kN
Resistance Bending Moment on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
M Rd := p o_T6 ⋅ Zx
M Rd = 0.039 ⋅ kN ⋅ m > M p1 = 0.031 ⋅ kN ⋅ m O.K.
Resistance Shear Force on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
VRd := p v_T6 ⋅ 3 mm ⋅ 2 ⋅ 9.5mm
VRd = 4.513 ⋅ kN > Rt = 0.759 ⋅ kN O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 137

Item :FS1
Check Lock Point
Width of glass pannel W := 1.54m
Height of glass pannel H := 1.825m

−1
Wind load q w1 := wk ⋅ 0.5W = 3.147 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2016/9/21 Page 138

Item :FS1
Reaction Force(under characteristic wind load,calculate by SAP2000 v18.2.0)
Max Reaction Force
Rmax := 1.66kN
Allowable Force per Rock Point:
Ra := 1.8kN > Rmax = 1.66 ⋅ kN O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 139

Item :FS1
Check Extruded Alum. Window Sash

Alum. Framing taking wind load,dead load and moment due to wind load.
Section Properties of the Extruded Alum. Window Sash.
2016/9/21 Page 140

Item :FS1

Depth 106.53707 mm Ip 1767446 mm^4
Width 101.47245 mm rp 46.073504 mm
Area 832.61367 mm^2 Zy 18163.313 mm^3
Ix 1148016 mm^4 PNA X 7.2570298 mm
Iy 619429.71 mm^4 PNA Y -16.012479 mm
Ixy 649386.91 mm^4 FEA Mesh
rx 37.132327 mm Nodes 3568
Sy+ 11277.385 mm^3 ro 49.143327 mm
Sy- 13307.979 mm^3 H 0.87896865
Xc 0 mm Xsc 4.4945321 mm
Yc 0 mm Ysc -16.495392 mm
I1 1584832 mm^4 J 121228.27 mm^4
I2 182613.5 mm^4 Β1 33.001992 mm
S1- 23835.462 mm^3
S2+ 5732.2732 mm^3
S2- 6019.6641 mm^3

2
Section Area: As = 832.6137 ⋅ mm
3
Elastic Modulus: Zx := 20054.471 ⋅ mm
4
Moment of Inertia: Ix := 1148016mm
Width of glass pannel W = 1.54 m

−1
Wind load q w := γw wk ⋅ 0.5W = 3.776 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
−1
Dead load q d := 1.1γg ρg ⋅ 30mm ⋅ 0.5W = 0.793 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Bending Moment on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:

2
M e1 := 0.105q w ⋅ ( 350mm) multi-span beam
M e1 = 0.049 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Max. Axial Force of the Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
Nt := q d ⋅ 350 mm = 0.277 ⋅ kN
Max. Shear Force of the Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
Rt := 0.606q w ⋅ 350 mm = 0.801 ⋅ kN
2016/9/21 Page 141

Item :FS1
Resistance Bending Moment on Extruded Alum. Framing Section

M Rd := p o_T5 ⋅ Zx
M Rd = 1.838 ⋅ kN ⋅ m > M e1 = 0.049 ⋅ kN ⋅ m O.K.
Resistance Axial Force on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:

NRd := p o_T5 ⋅ As
NRd = 76.323 ⋅ kN > Nt = 0.277 ⋅ kN O.K.
Combine Action:
Nt M e1
+ = 0.03 < 1 O.K.
NRd M Rd
Resistance Shear Force on Extruded Alum. Framing Section:
VRd := p v_T5 ⋅ As
VRd = 45.1 ⋅ kN > Rt = 0.801 ⋅ kN O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 142

Item :FS1
Check #14 Screws Connecting Extruded Alum. Window Sash& Mullion

#14X25@350 screw at extruded alum. window sash taking wind load
2
Shear/tensile area of #14 screw Av = 17.35 ⋅ mm

.
1) Check Shear
Shear Force Fv := γws ⋅ Rmax = 2.324 ⋅ kN
screw
Vc = 5.379 ⋅ kN > Fv = 2.324 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 143

Item :FS1
2) Check Bearing
Resultant force per screw (factored) Fv = 2.324 ⋅ kN
Pbb = 20.866 ⋅ kN > Fv = 2.324 ⋅ kN OK
Resultant force per screw R := Fv
R = 2.324 ⋅ kN
c := 2 to Cl. 6.4.4
c ⋅ d ⋅ t ⋅ pa
Bearing capacity of mullion BRP := to Cl. 6.4.4
1.2
BRP = 7.35 ⋅ kN > R = 2.324 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 144

Item :FS1
Section 12 Connection Calculation（A1)
Design Force:
KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm

Nos. of brackets per fixing n b := 2
Nos. of bolts per bracket n c := 3
Diameter of bolt d := 12mm

2
Shear/tensile area of bolt As := 84.3mm

bolt
bolt
Wind load per fixing
WL := 20.015kN
Dead load per fixing DL := 2.633kN
2016/9/21 Page 145

Item :FS1
1) Check Shear
WL ⋅ sin( 45deg)
Shear due to WL per Vw := = 2.359 ⋅ kN
bolt n b ⋅ nc
DL
Shear due to DL per Vd := = 0.439 ⋅ kN
bolt nb ⋅ nc
Eccentricity ed1 := 87.6mm ed2 := 17.59mm
WL ⋅ sin( 45deg) DL
Moment due to DL M d := ⋅ ed2 + ⋅ ed1
1.4 ⋅ n b nb
M d = 0.204 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
M d ⋅ 69.33mm
Shear due to Md Vm := = 1.674 ⋅ kN
( 59.67mm) 2 + ( 9.67mm) 2 + ( 69.33mm) 2
Horizontal shear per Vh := Vw + Vm = 4.032 ⋅ kN

bolt
Vertical shear per Vv := Vd = 0.439 ⋅ kN
bolt
2 2
Resultant shear per bolt V := Vh + Vv = 4.056 ⋅ kN
(factored)
Shear capacity of Psb := p q_70 ⋅ As
bolt
Psb = 26.217 ⋅ kN > V = 4.056 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Tension
Lever arm la1 := 32mm
la2 := 67.3mm
Eccentricity of WL ew := 79.3mm
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL per s ide M w :=
nb
M w = 0.794 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
Mw WL ⋅ sin( 45deg) ⋅ ed2 ⋅ 69.33mm

Tension due to Mw per bolt Tw := +
n b ⋅ ( 59.67mm) + ( 9.67mm) + ( 69.33mm)
2
⋅ min( la1 , la2) ⋅ n c
5 2 2

6
Tw = 10.94 ⋅ kN
Eccentricity of DL ed2 := 24.6mm
2016/9/21 Page 146

Item :FS1
DL ⋅ ed2
Moment due to DL per s ide M d. := = 0.032 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
M d. ⋅ 69.33mm
Tension due to Md per bolt Td := = 0.265 ⋅ kN
2 2 2
( 59.67mm) + ( 9.67mm) + ( 69.33mm)
WL ⋅ sin( 45deg)
Total tension per bolt (factored) T := + Tw + Td = 13.564 ⋅ kN
n b ⋅ nc
Tensile capacity of bolt Ptb := p t_70 ⋅ As
Ptb = 31.528 ⋅ kN > T = 13.564 ⋅ kN OK

V T
Combined + = 0.585 < 1.4 OK
actions Psb Ptb
4) Check Bearing
Thickness of mullion t 2 = 4 ⋅ mm
Pbb = 55.062 ⋅ kN > V = 4.056 ⋅ kN OK
c=2
Bearing capacity of bearing BRP := c ⋅ d ⋅ t 1 ⋅ p o_T6

channel
BRP = 18.24 ⋅ kN > R = 4.056 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 147

Item :FS1
Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Nos. of brackets per fixing nb = 2
Nos. of bolts connecting mullion & nc = 3

bracket
Dia. of M12 bolt connecting d = 12 ⋅ mm
mullion & bracket
At Pt. A,
1) Check Tension
WL ⋅ sin( 45deg)
Tension due to WL per bracket T. := = 7.076 ⋅ kN
nb
2
Shear/tensile Av. := L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t 1 = 2064 ⋅ mm
area
Factored tensile PRS := p o_1T6 ⋅ Av.
resistance
PRS = 412.8 ⋅ kN > T. = 7.076 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Shear
2 2
DL + ( WL ⋅ sin( 45deg) )
Shear due to DL per brack et V.. := = 7.198 ⋅ kN
nb
Factored shear VRS. := p v_1T6 ⋅ Av.

resistance
VRS. = 249.4 ⋅ kN > V.. = 7.198 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 148

Item :FS1
3) Check Moment
WL ⋅ ew
Moment per bracket M 1 :=
nb
M 1 = 0.794 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
WL ⋅ sin( 45deg) ⋅ 30.3mm DL ⋅ ed1

M 2 := +
nb nb
M 2 = 0.33 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t1 3
modulus 4
2
L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t1 3
S2 := = 88752 ⋅ mm
4
Factored moment M RS1 := p o_1T6 ⋅ S1 = 1.238 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

resistance
> M 1 = 0.794 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
M RS2 := p o_1T6 ⋅ S2 = 17.75 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 2 = 0.33 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
4) Check Torsion
Eccentricity of DL ed := 24.6mm
DL ⋅ ed WL ⋅ sin( 45deg) ⋅ 30.3mm

Torsion due to DL per bracket M t := +
nb nb
5
M t = 2.468 × 10 ⋅ N ⋅ mm
3
L − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n c ⋅ t1 4 4
Torsion constants J := = 9.907 × 10 ⋅ mm
3
Mt ⋅ t1
Tossioal τts := = 29.893 ⋅ MPa
stress J
Factored torsional τtRS := p v_1T6

resistance
τtRS = 120.833 ⋅ MPa > τts = 29.893 ⋅ MPa OK
2016/9/21 Page 149

Item :FS1
T. V.. M1 M2 τts
Combined + + + + = 0.953 < 1 OK
actions PRS VRS. M RS1 M RS2 τtRS
6) Check Bearing
Pbb = 115.92 ⋅ kN > V = 4.056 ⋅ kN OK
Edge distance of e1 := 32mm

bolt
c=2

channel
BRP = 38.4 ⋅ kN > R = 4.056 ⋅ kN OK
At Pt. B,
1) Check Shear
2 2
WL + DL
Shear due to WL per brack et V1 := = 10.094 ⋅ kN
nb
2016/9/21 Page 150

Item :FS1
length of section L := 125.5mm
Shear area Av1 := L ⋅ t 2
2
Av1 = 1506 ⋅ mm

resistance
VRS1 = 181.975 ⋅ kN > V1 = 10.094 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment about Minor Axis
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL M w. := = 0.326 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
2
L ⋅ t2 3
Section S. := = 4518 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
3 3
S. = 4.518 × 10 ⋅ mm
Factored moment M RSy := p o_1T6 ⋅ S.

resistance
M RSy = 0.904 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M w. = 0.326 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
3) Check Moment about Major Axis
DL ⋅ ed
Moment due to DL M d.. := = 0.043 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
nb
2
t2 ⋅ L 3
Section S.. := = 47250.75 ⋅ mm
modulus 4
Factored moment M RSx := p o_1T6 ⋅ S..

resistance
M RSx = 9.45 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M d.. = 0.043 ⋅ kN ⋅ m

OK
V1 M w. M d..
Combined + + = 0.421 < 1 OK
actions VRS1 M RSy M RSx
2016/9/21 Page 151

Item :FS1
CHECK ALUMINIUM BRACKET
Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Nos. of brackets per fixing n := 2
Thickness of bracket t a := 14mm
La := 23.46mm
1) Check Shear
WL
n
2
Shear Av2 := La ⋅ t a = 328.44 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS2 = 39.687 ⋅ kN > V2 = 10.008 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment
WL ⋅ ew
Moment due to WL M 2 := = 0.388 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
n
2
t a ⋅ La 3
modulus 4
Factored moment M RS2 := p v_1T6 ⋅ S2

resistance
M RS2 = 1.057 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 2 = 0.388 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
2016/9/21 Page 152

Item :FS1
CHECK M12 BOLTS CONNECTING ALUMINIUM ANGLE BRACKETS
Assume M12 bolt take tension due to moment while serration take shear due to WL.

2
Shear/tensile area of M12 As = 84.3 ⋅ mm
bolt
Lever arm la := 75mm
WL ⋅ ew + DL ⋅ ed
Moment due to WL (factored) M :=
nb
M = 1.16 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2
 WL M  DL  = 20.484 ⋅ kN
Shear force per bolt V3 :=  +  
+ 
(factored)  n b ⋅ n la   n b ⋅ n 
Shear capacity of bolt Psb. := p q_70 ⋅ As
Psb. = 48.734 ⋅ kN > V3 = 20.484 ⋅ kN OK
CHECK SERRATION CONNECTION BETWEEN ALUMINIUM BRACKETS
Check Shear
Shear force of washer Vw. := V3 = 20.484 ⋅ kN
Assume only area of washers be in contact.
Width of washer b w := 40mm
Thickness of washer t w := 18mm
Edge distance of e1 = 17.5 ⋅ mm

bolt
2
Shear Av3 := b w − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t w = 468 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS3 = 56.55 ⋅ kN > Vw. = 20.484 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 153

Item :FS1
Bearing capacity of bearing BRP := min( e1 ⋅ t w ⋅ p b_70 , d ⋅ t w ⋅ p b_70)

channel
BRP = 173.88 ⋅ kN > Vw. = 20.484 ⋅ kN OK

Adopt Grade 6061-T6
Thickness of t a = 15 ⋅ mm
brackets
t b = 20 ⋅ mm
Length of bracket at Pt. A La = 195.85 ⋅ mm
Length of bracket at Pt. B Lb := 224mm
At Pt. A
1) Check Tension
WL
Tension due to WL T4 := = 10.008 ⋅ kN
2
3 2
Shear/tensile Av4 := La − 2 ⋅ ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t a = 2.518 × 10 ⋅ mm
area
Factored tensile PRS4 := p o_1T6 ⋅ Av4
resistance
PRS4 = 503.55 ⋅ kN > T4 = 10.008 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Shear
DL
2

resistance
VRS4 = 304.228 ⋅ kN > V4 = 1.317 ⋅ kN OK
2016/9/21 Page 154

Item :FS1
3) Check Moment
Eccentricity of DL ed1. := 46.55mm + 22mm = 68.55 ⋅ mm
WL ⋅ ew1 + DL ⋅ ed1.
Moment due to WL & DL M 4 := = 0.934 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
2
La ⋅ t a 3
Section S4 := − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t a ⋅ la = 128089.584 ⋅ mm
modulus 4

resistance
M RS4 = 25.618 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 4 = 0.934 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK

T4 V4 M4
Combined + + = 0.061 < 1 OK
actions PRS4 VRS4 M RS4
At Pt. B,
Dia. of bolts connecting d = 12 ⋅ mm

angle bracket to channel
1) Check Shear
2 2
WL + DL
2
3 2
Shear/tensile Av5 := Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ n ⋅ t b = 4.2 × 10 ⋅ mm
area
resistance
VRS5 = 507.5 ⋅ kN > V5 = 10.094 ⋅ kN OK
2) Check Moment
ew = 52 ⋅ mm
Moment due to WL & DL M 51 := 0.5( WL ⋅ ew2 + DL ⋅ ed) = 0.771 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2016/9/21 Page 155

Item :FS1
M 52 := 0.5WL ⋅ ew = 0.52 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2 2
Lb ⋅ t b ( d + 2mm) ⋅ t b 3
Section S51 := − = 249900 ⋅ mm
modulus 4 4
2
Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ tb 3
S52 := = 21000 ⋅ mm
4

resistance
M RS51 = 49.98 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 51 = 0.771 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
M RS52 := p o_1T6 ⋅ S52
M RS52 = 4.2 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
> M 52 = 0.52 ⋅ kN ⋅ m OK
3) Check Torsion
Eccentricity of DL ed2. := 67mm + 22mm = 89 ⋅ mm
DL ⋅ ed2.
Torsion due to DL per bracket M t5 := = 0.117 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
2
3
Lb − ( d + 2mm) ⋅ tb 4
Torsion constants J5 := = 560000 ⋅ mm
3
M t5 ⋅ t b
Tossioal M ts5 := = 4.185 ⋅ MPa
stress J5
Factored torsional M tRS5 := p v_1T6

resistance
M tRS5 = 120.833 ⋅ MPa > M ts5 = 4.185 ⋅ MPa OK
V5 M ts5 M 51 M 52
Combined + + + = 0.194 < 1 OK
actions VRS5 M tRS5 M RS51 M RS52
2016/9/21 Page 156

Item :FS1
Section 13 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF EMBEDDMENT(A1)

13.1 Reactions:
KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm
Design Force:
Fy := 23.351kN Fz := 3.072kN Fx := 0 ⋅ kN
Design Moment:
M x := Fy ⋅ 46mm + Fz ⋅ 66mm = 1.277 ⋅ kN ⋅ m
13.2 Strength Analysis of Precast-in Embeddment:(400x200x12 mm Thk.G.M.S.Plate):
VIEW A
2016/9/21 Page 157

Item :FS1
(1)Checking the S275 Steel Rod at Section A-A::
Use 4 Nos.Dia.16 Grade S275 Steel Rod
Effective Area of Rod:

2
 12mm  ⋅ π ⋅ 0.9 = 101.788 ⋅ mm2
Ab :=  2 
 
Calculation the Neutral Axis Location:dn
205GPa
n := = 7.765
26.4GPa
p cc := 45 ⋅ 0.4MPa = 18 ⋅ MPa (Compressive Strength of Grade 45 Concrete)
p t := 275 ⋅ 0.87MPa = 239.25 ⋅ MPa (Tensile Strength of Grade S275 Steel Rod)
Mx 300mm
e := = 54.683 ⋅ mm < − 50mm = 100 ⋅ mm So:
Fy 2
Compressive Strength on Concrete Surface:
fcc := 0 ⋅ MPa
Tensile Force at Rod:
Fy Mx
Ft := + = 18.06 ⋅ kN
2 300mm − 2 ⋅ 50mm
Fy Mx
Ft1 := − = 5.291 ⋅ kN
2 300mm − 2 ⋅ 50mm
Shear Force at Each Rod Section:
Fz
Fs := = 0.768 ⋅ kN
4
Tensile Strength at Rod:
Ft
ft_b := = 177.428 ⋅ MPa < p t = 239.25 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Ab
Shear Strength at Each Rod Section:
Fs pt
fs_b := = 7.545 ⋅ MPa < = 138.131 ⋅ MPa O.K.
Ab 3
Total Strength at Each Rod Section:
2016/9/21 Page 158

Item :FS1
ft_b 3 ⋅ fs_b
+ = 0.796 < 1.4 O.K.
pt pt
So Use 4 Nos.Dia.16 Grade S275 Steel Rod O.K.
(2)Check the Weld around the Steel Rod:
Total Force on Weld:
Fwe := Ft = 18.06 ⋅ kN
Try 8 mm Fillet Weld All Round: ϕ := 16mm
Total Stress on Weld:
Fwe
fwe_bar := = 64.159 ⋅ MPa < p fw_s275 := 220MPa O.K
π ⋅ ϕ ⋅ 0.7 ⋅ 8 mm
.
(3)Check 400x200x12 mm Thk. G.M.S. Cast-in Plate:
Base Plate Thickness: t := 12mm
Yield Strength: p y_S275 := 275MPa
Safety Factor: γM := 1.0
Design Monmet:
1 200mm −1
M 1 := ⋅ Fz ⋅ = 0.614 ⋅ kN ⋅ m ⋅ m
4 250mm
Base Plate Thickness Required:
4M 1 ⋅ γM
t 1 := = 2.989 ⋅ mm < t = 12 ⋅ mm O.K.
p y_S275
Thicknes of the Section: t = 12 ⋅ mm
Length of the Section: L := 250mm
1.5 ⋅ Fz p y_S275
fql := = 1.536 ⋅ MPa < = 158.771 ⋅ MPa
L⋅t 3 O.K.
2016/9/21 Page 159

Item :FS1
(4)Checking the Concrete Pull-out Resistance:
Load Bearing Area of the Head of the Fastener:

3 2
Ah := ( 198mm − ϕ) ⋅ ϕ = 2.912 × 10 ⋅ mm
Pull-out Resistance:
ψucr_N := 1.0 (1.0 for fasteners in cracked concrete as given in BS DD CEN TS 1992-4-2-2009 clause 6.2.4)
γMp := 1.8 (1.8 for systems with normal installation safety as given in BS DD CEN TS 1992-4-1-2009 clause 4.4.3.1.2)
fcu := 45MPa
−1
NRd_p := 6Ah ⋅ fcu ⋅ ψucr_N ⋅ γMp = 436.8 ⋅ kN > Ft = 18.06 ⋅ kN O.K.
(4)Checking the Concrete Cone Resistance:
Active Anchorage: Lact := 78mm − ϕ = 62 ⋅ mm
NRk_c0 := 8.5 ⋅ fcu ⋅ ( Lact + t )

1.5 0.5
⋅ ( MPa ⋅ mm) = 36.297 ⋅ kN
AcN := 2 ⋅ 9 ⋅ ( Lact + t ) = 98568 ⋅ mm

2 2
AcN_O := 9 ⋅ ( Lact + t ) = 4.928 × 10 ⋅ mm

2 4 2
Where s cr,N=3(Lact+t)=186mm
Disturbance of the Distribution of Stresses in the Concrete Due to Edges Factor:
ψs_N := 1.0
Shell Spalling Factor:

ψre_N := 1.0

ψec_N := 1.0

ψucr_N = 1 γMc := 1.8
Where s 1 =200mm>s cr,N,c 1 >0.5s cr,N

NRk_c0 AcN
NRd_c := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_N ⋅ ψre_N ⋅ ψec_N ⋅ ψucr_N = 40.33 ⋅ kN > Fy = 23.351 ⋅ kN O.K.
γMc AcN_O
2016/9/21 Page 160

Item :FS1
(7)Checking the Splitting Resistance:
NRk_0 := min( NRk_c0 , NRd_p ⋅ γMp) = 36.297 ⋅ kN
AcN_1 := 4 ⋅ ( Lact + t ) + 200mm ⋅ 4 ⋅ ( Lact + t ) = 1.468 × 10 ⋅ mm

5 2
Where s cr,N=4(Lact+t)=248mm>s 1 =200mm
AcN_O_1 := 16 ⋅ ( Lact + t ) = 8.762 × 10 ⋅ mm

2 4 2
ψs_N. := 1.0 ψre_N = 1 ψucr_N = 1 γMsp := 1.8 ψh_sp := 1 ψec_N. := 1.0
Splitting Resistance:
NRk_0 AcN_1
NRd_sp := ⋅ ⋅ ψs_N. ⋅ ψre_N ⋅ ψec_N. ⋅ ψh_sp ⋅ ψucr_N = 33.79 ⋅ kN > Fy = 23.351 ⋅ kN O.K.
γMsp AcN_O_1
2016/9/21 Page 161

Appendix 1：Displacement of Mullion（A2）
Table: Joint Displacements
Joint OutputCase CaseType U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3
mm mm mm Radians Radians Radians
2 COMB1 Combination 0. 3.413993 -0.003774 0. 0. 0.
4 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. 0. -0.002102 0. 0.
6 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. -0.000595 0. 0. 0.
9 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. 0. -0.008131 0. 0.0018
42 COMB1 Combination 0. 4.21018 -0.009357 0. 0. -0.000144
43 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. 0. -0.002971 0. -0.000335
45 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. -0.00384 0. 0.000402 -0.000359
47 COMB1 Combination 0. -5.325025 -0.002531 -0.008932 0. -0.000297
49 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.170449 -0.061315 0. -0.000202 0.00007
53 COMB1 Combination 0. -5.290469 -0.006119 -0.008956 0. 0.
54 COMB1 Combination 0. 2.678249 -0.007347 0. 0.00012 0.002026
55 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.220252 -0.012322 -0.011757 0. 0.001444
84 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. -0.093794 0. -0.001348 0.000613
91 COMB1 Combination 0. 0. 0. -0.008767 0. 0.001871
99 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.567633 -0.061315 0. -0.000202 -0.000015
102 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.614367 -0.019469 -0.012207 0. 0.001619
103 COMB1 Combination 0. 2.952311 -0.00774 0. -0.000156 -0.001699
Microsoft Page 1 of 10
~1 COMB1 Combination 0. -7.262539 -0.066581 -0.008934 0.000309 -0.009271
~6 COMB1 Combination 0. -12.812728 -0.248339 -0.008944 1.495E-06 0.000014
~7 COMB1 Combination 0. -12.553268 -0.240436 -0.008946 -0.00008 0.00251
~12 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.018652 0.013445 0. -0.000082 0.000101
~16 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.064772 0.063635 0. 0.000028 -0.000044
~18 COMB1 Combination 0. -0.085084 -0.100325 0. 0.000615 -0.000531
~25 COMB1 Combination 0. -0.562781 -0.659712 0. -0.000213 0.000195
~30 COMB1 Combination 0. 3.501684 -0.09378 0. 0.000445 0.000011
~31 COMB1 Combination 0. 3.499822 -0.159781 0. 0.000262 -0.000047
~33 COMB1 Combination 0. 3.439678 -0.171749 0. -0.000187 -0.000349
~39 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.160309 -0.046672 0. 4.892E-07 -0.001775
~40 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.874679 -0.04515 0. 7.959E-06 -0.000999
~44 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.961267 -0.185462 0. -0.000086 0.003133
~64 COMB1 Combination 0. -17.101433 -0.25355 -0.01288 -2.848E-06 0.000152
~77 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.6334 -0.045178 0. 7.059E-06 0.002026
~87 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.15238 -0.016546 0.011396 0. 0.
~88 COMB1 Combination 0. -1.024345 -0.016406 0.010764 0. 0.
~95 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.985107 -0.012795 -0.000245 0. 0.
~104 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.167975 -0.000258 -0.000455 0. 0.
~106 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.239046 -0.00129 -0.000649 0. -0.000343
~107 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.19097 -0.00257 0.000736 0. -0.000351
~165 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.084354 -0.002459 -0.006267 0. 0.001875
~207 COMB1 Combination 0. -4.861519 -0.020398 -0.007645 5.749E-06 -0.001362
~208 COMB1 Combination 0. -5.072799 -0.019897 -0.007966 -0.000011 -0.000958
~211 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.292926 -0.009016 0.014727 0. -0.000155
~212 COMB1 Combination 0. -1.525866 -0.008658 0.013979 0. -0.000165
~219 COMB1 Combination 0. -12.051305 -0.005701 -0.000249 0. -0.000236
~233 COMB1 Combination 0. -9.074232 -0.025852 -0.011645 -3.084E-06 -0.001786
~236 COMB1 Combination 0. -3.196745 -0.058205 0.017008 0. 0.00006
~241 COMB1 Combination 0. -16.42195 -0.04241 0.008238 0. 9.379E-06
~242 COMB1 Combination 0. -17.76672 -0.039202 0.005482 0. -7.682E-07
~253 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.202081 -0.017618 -0.011381 0.000022 0.000207
~254 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.146003 -0.021129 -0.011004 0.00001 0.000462
~255 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.022427 -0.021734 -0.010627 -5.236E-06 0.000817
~266 COMB1 Combination 0. -16.595044 -0.031097 -0.000507 0. 0.000877
~305 COMB1 Combination 0. 0.994627 -0.045178 0. 7.059E-06 0.001938
~419 COMB1 Combination 0. -8.637136 -0.0262 -0.011623 5.197E-06 0.00022
~445 COMB1 Combination 0. -0.984176 -2.364362 0. -0.000078 6.989E-06
~469 COMB1 Combination 0. 1.731566 -4.354562 0. -1.037E-06 -0.000049
Appendix 2：Displacement of Mullion（AE132）
Appendix 3：Displacement of Mullion（AE134）

Structural Calculation of Zone T1 Rev.1 - 2nd Sub

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Structural Calculation of Zone T1 Rev.1 - 2nd Sub

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MINMETALS CONDO

Submission No. : 2nd

Section 2 Codes and Standards 2

Section 3 Design Data Used 3-7

Section 4 Design Loading 8-9

Section 5 Glass Calculation 10-34

Section 6 Structural Analysis of Mullion and Transom 35-67

Section 7 Structural Analysis of Mullion（A1) 68-91

Section 8 AlumCladding Calculation 92-103

Section 9 Connection Calculation 104-115

Section 10 Verification of Stack Joint Sleeve 116-118

Section 11 Structural Analysis of Embeddment 119-144

Section 12 Connection Calculation(A1) 145-156

Section 13 Structural Analysis of Embeddment(A1) 157-161

Appendix1 Displacement of Mullion（A2）

Appendix2 Displacement of Mullion（AE132）

Appendix3 Displacement of Mullion（AE134）

Load transmission path:

Secton 2 Codes and Standards

2.3 Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011;

2.4 Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004;

2.6 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013;

2.7. BS8118: Structur al Use of Aluminium,1991 ;

2.6 BS3506: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless Steel Fasteners,2009;

Secton 3 Design Data Used

Materia factor for Steel Element： γm_st := 1.0

General Physical Properties:

(2) Poisson's Ratio: νst := 0.30

For the Use of Steel designation: Grade S275

(1) Ultimate Tensile Strength: fu_275 := 430MPa

(2) Min.Yield Stress in Tension: fy_275 := 275MPa

3.2. For the Use of Aluminum:

Materia factor for Alum. Element： γm_al := 1.2

Design data of the Aluminium alloy to the BS8118:<Structural Use of Aluminium,1991>.

General Physical Properties:

(1). Modulus of Elasticity: E al := 70000MPa

(2). Modulus of Shear: Gal := 26600MPa

(5). Poisson's Ratio: νal := 0.3

3.2.1. For the Use of 6063-T5 Aluminum Alloy

(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_T5 := 110MPa

(2).Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_T5 := 150MPa

3.2.2.For the Use of 6063-T6 Aluminum Alloy:

(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_T6 := 160MPa

(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_T6 := 175MPa

3.2.3.For the Use of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy:

(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_1T6 := 240MPa

(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_1T6 := 260MPa

3.2.4.For the Use of 3003-H14 Aluminum Alloy:

(1). Guaranteed Min. 0.2% Proof Stress: f0.2_H14 := 125MPa

(2). Guaranteed Min. Limit Tensile Stress: pa_H14 := 135MPa

3.3. For the Use of Glass:

(3). Poisson's Ratio: νg := 0.2

(4). Modulus of Elasticity: E g := 71700MPa

(5). Design Strength: pgl_T := 50MPa (For Tempered Glass)

3.4. For the Use of Bolts:

(1) Yield Stress in Tension: py_50 := 210MPa

(2) Guaranteed or Min. Tensile Strength: fu_50 := 500MPa

(3) Design Strength for Tension: pt_50 := 175MPa

(4) Design Strength for Shear: pq_50 := 145MPa

(5) Design Bearing Strength: pb_50 := 497MPa

(1) Yield Stress in Tension: py_70 := 450MPa

(2) Guaranteed or Min. Tensile Strength: fu_70 := 700MPa