Design of 1.2m x 1.5m RCC box drain

Design of RCC box Drain upto
1.2m X 1.5m
Engineering Design Consultancy Servicesfor 6-laning of Chitradurga-Davanagere including Chitradurga
Bypass(Km 189+000 to 260+000) (Design Chainage )Km 0+000 to Km 20+700,Km 208+000 to Km 260+000)
of NH-48
1. Introduction and Reference Codes
1) Structure Details
a) Structure Type :- RCC Box Structure
c) Size :- 1 x 1.20 x 1.50
d) Length of Box :- 12.0 m
e) Earth Cushion (max) :- 0.065 m
2) Materials Used
a) Grade of Concrete for Box Structure :- M 20
b) Grade of Steel :- Fe 500
3) Codes Used :
a) IRC 6 : 2014 Code for Practice for Road bridges, Sec-II, Loads & Stresses
b) IRC 112 : 2011 Code for Practice for Concrete Road bridges
c) IRC 78 : 2014 Code for Practice for Road bridges, Sec-VII, Foundations
4) Modeling and Analysis considerations :

Structure is idealized as plane frame centre to centre of components ,of unit width and analysed
a) using STAAD Pro.
b) Bottom slab is assumed to be spported on number of springs.
c) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction has been calculated as per J. E. Bowles
For analysis, the box model is subjected to Dead loads, SIDL ,Earth pressures,Surcharge loads on
d) the side walls, and Live Loads.
e) 3 Lane vehicle loading conforming to IRC-6 :2014 is used.

The dispersion of live load is calculated using effective slab width method as per Annexure B-3
f) of IRC 112-2011.
5) Design philosophy :
Various combination of loads are adopted for checking structural strength & Serviceability Limit
State
a) Ultimate Limit State(ULS) :-
For structural strength of various components.

of NH-48
b) Seviceability Limit State(SLS) :-
Rare combination are adopted to check the stresses in various components
Frequent combination are adpoted for deflection check
Quasi-permanent Combinations are adopted for checking the crack width.
6) Environment Condition Considered:
Environmental exposure condition for the structure is considered as Moderate
(as defined in Table 14.1 of IRC -112 )
7) Construction Sequence Considered:
The following construction sequance has been considered in the design.
Lay the bottom slab- then side wall- then cast the Top slab.
Filling shall be done behind both end wall or abutment walls simultaneously.
of NH-48
2. Design Constants :
The basic stress value is as per Table 6.5 of IRC: 112 -2011
(Ref: Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

2
Chararcteristic Strength of Concrete fck = 20 N/mm
2
Yield Strength of Steel (Ref: Table 18.1,IRC:112-2011) fy = 500 N/mm
Partial safety factor for concrete (basic & seismic) γm = 1.5
Partial safety factor for Steel (basic & seismic) γs = 1.15
Partial safety factor for concrete (accidental comb.) γm = 1.2
Partial safety factor for Steel (accidental comb.) γs = 1
(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

2
Compressive concrete strength = fck+10 fcm = 30.0 N/mm
(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

2
Axial Tensile Strength of Concrete = 0.259*(fck)0.67 fctm = 1.9 N/mm
(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete εcu3 = 0.0035
(Annexure A-2, IRC:112-2011)

0.3 2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete=22*(fcm/12.5) Ecm = 28607.90 N/mm
2
Modulus of elasticity of reinf. of steel Es = 200000 N/mm
2
Design yield strength of shear reinforcement fywd = 434.8 N/mm
fywd = fyk/ γm (As per amendment of CL.10.3.1 IRC:112-2011)
Modular ratio αe = (Es/Ecm) αe = 6.99
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel εs = [{fy/(γs x Es)}+0.002] = 0.0042
A2.10 Page : 244 of IRC: 112 - 2011
Coefficient to consider the influence of concrete strength, α = 0.67
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa, Eq.A2-33, IRC:112
Factor (λ) λ = 0.8
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa, Eq.A2-35, IRC:112
Factor (η) η = 1
2
α*fck = 0.447fck = 8.933 N/mm
Design Compressive strength fcd =
γm
of NH-48
Limiting Neutral Axis Depth (for Balanced section )

εcus3 * d Xulim = 0.456 d
Xulim =
(εcus3+ εs)
Limiting value of Moment of Resistance factor (for Balanced section ), R = 2.65

Mulim
Qlim =
2
(b*d )
or, Qlim = 0.36.fck(Xulim /d ) x (1- 0.42 (Xulim /d))
of NH-48
3. Analysis of RCC Box Structure
Structure Dimensions
No. of Vents = 1 Nos.
Vent Width = 1.2 m
Vent Height = 1.5 m
Total Depth of Fill (including wearing course) = 0.065 m
Thickness of Top slab = 0.175 m
Thickness of Bottom slab = 0.2 m
Thickness of Outer Wall = 0.175 m
Thickness of Inner Wall = 0m
Blasé slab Projection = 0m
Width of Crash barrier / Parapet Wall = 0.5 m

2
Area of Crash Barrier / Parapet = 0.480 m
Length of Box between outer to outer of Parapet = 12 m
Thickness of wearing course = 0.065 m

0.065 m wearing course
0.000 m Earth Fill

1.55
0.175 Top Slab
0.15
0.15 (TYP)
Inner Wall
1.50 1.88
0.175 1.20 0 0.175
Outer Wall
0 0
0.2 Bottom Slab
1.55
of NH-48
Staad Modelling
1 7 7
19 24
Top Slab
Inner Wall
Outer Wall
Bottom slab
23 28
8 18 18
Node Numbering in Staad Model
1 6
19 24
Top Slab
Inner Wall
Outer Wall
Bottom slab
23 28
17 8 18 18
Beam Numbering in Staad Model
Material Properties
Grade of Concrete = M 20
Grade of Steel = Fe 500

3
Unit Weight of concrete = 2.5 t/m
3
Unit Weight of Soil = 2 t/m
3
Unit Weight of Wearing course = 2.2 t/m
of NH-48
Load Calculations
1) Dead Load & SIDL
Top Slab
UDL due to self weight of Top Slab = 0.175*2.5 = 0.4375 t/m
UDL due to Wearing Course = 0.065*2.2 = 0.143 t/m
UDL due to Parapet Wall = 0.48*2.5 = 1.2 t/m
UDL due to Soil Fill = 0*2 = 0 t/m
Total UDL due to SIDL & Soil Fill on Top Slab (except self weight) = 1.343 t/m
Bottom Slab
UDL due to self weight of Bottom Slab = 0.2*2.5 = 0.5 t/m
UDL due to Water flow on Bottom slab = 0 t/m
Total UDL on Bottom Slab (except self weight) = 0 t/m
Walls
Load due to self weight of Outer Wall = 0.175*1.5*2.5 = 0.65625 t/m
Load due to self weight of Inner Wall = 0*1.5*2.5 = 0 t/m
Haunch
Load due to self weight of Haunch = 0.5*0.15*0.15*2.5 = 0.028 t/m
2) Earth Pressure
3
Saturated Density of Soil = 2 t/m
Angle of Internal Friction , φ = 30 º
Surcharge Angle β = 0º
Wall Angle, α = 90 º
2
SBC = 32 t/m
Angle of Wall Friction, δ =2/3 * (φ) = 20 º
Earth pressure at rest Ko = 0.5
Pressure at Top of Box Structure = 0.5*2*(0.065+0.175/2) = 0.153 t/m
Pressure at Base of Box = 0.5*2*(1.875-0.2/2+0.065) = 1.84 t/m

of NH-48
Surcharge Height (As per IRC:6-2014 Cl. 214.1) = 1.2 m
Pressure on walls = 0.5*2*1.2 = 1.2 t/m
Providing 10 supports, SF = 2.5

2
Spring Constant ks = 40 x SF x SBC = 40*2.5*32 = 3200 t/m /m
Spring Constants in tonnes per m depth per m width
Spring constant at end supports, (nodes 8 & 18) = 280 t/m/m
Spring constant at intermediate supports 1 (Face of outer Wall) = 520 t/m/m
Spring constant at intermediate supports 2 (End of Haunch) = 480 t/m/m
Spring constant at intermediate supports 3 (Mid span) = 480 t/m/m
Spring constant at intermediate supports 4 (Inner Wall face) = 240 t/m/m
Spring constant at intermediate supports 5 (Inner Wall centre) = 0 t/m/m
Spring constant at Base slab projection end = 0 t/m/m
Loadings 1.34t/m (Load due to wc+parapet+soil fill)
0.153t/m 1.20t/m 1.20t/m 0.15t/m
0.240t/m
0.390t/m
0.990t/m
1.590t/m 0.00t/m
1.740t/m
1.840t/m 1.20t/m Loading Diagram Due to SIDL & Earth Pressure 1.200t/m 1.8t/m
of NH-48
4. Design of Box as per IRC 112 -2011
Unfactored Moments
Sagging Moment
Top slab Base Slab Outer Wall Inner Wall

Sl.
Description Moment- SF-d Moment- SF-d dist- Momen SF-d Moment- SF-d
No.
tm dist-t tm t t-tm dist-t tm dist-t
1 DL 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Wearing Coat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0
5 Class A 0.9 7.0 0.3 3.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.0
6 Class 70R Wheel 0.6 3.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.0
7 Class 70R Track 1.2 6.0 0.5 2.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.0
8 Class 40T Boggie 0.7 5.0 0.3 2.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.0
Max sagging 1.5 8.0 0.9 5.0 1.2 2.0 0.0 0.0
Hogging moment @ Face of Wall

Sl.
No.
1 DL 0.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Wearing Coat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0
5 Class A 0.5 7.0 0.9 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
6 Class 70R Wheel 0.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.0 0.0
7 Class 70R Track 1.0 6.0 0.9 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.0
8 Class 40T Boggie 0.6 5.0 0.7 2.0 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.0
Max Hogging 1.2 8.0 1.4 5.0 1.6 2.0 0.0 0.0
Factors (Ref: Table 3.2 of IRC 6-2014)
DL = 1.35
of NH-48
Wearing Coat = 1.75
Earth Pressure = 1.5
LL Surcharge = 1.2
LL = 1.5
Impact Factors (100%, as fill<600mm) (Ref: Pg no. 24, Cl.208 of IRC 6-2014)
Impact factor for Class A Vehicle = 1.625
Impact factor for 70R W / Track Vehicle = 1.250
Impact factor for 40T Boggie = 1.250
Factored Moments
Sagging Moment

Sl.
No.
1 DL 0.2 1.4 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Wearing Coat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 LL Surcharge 0.1 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0
5 Class A 2.2 17.1 0.7 7.3 1.7 2.4 0.0 0.0
6 Class 70R Wheel 1.1 5.6 0.5 1.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0
7 Class 70R Track 2.3 11.3 0.9 3.8 1.3 1.9 0.0 0.0
8 Class 40T Boggie 1.4 9.4 0.6 3.8 1.0 1.9 0.0 0.0
Max sagging 2.6 18.4 1.4 9.9 2.3 3.6 0.0 0.0
Hogging moment @ Face of Wall

Sl.
No.
1 DL 0.0 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Wearing Coat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Pressure 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
of NH-48
4 LL Surcharge 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.0
5 Class A 1.3 17.1 2.1 7.3 2.5 2.4 0.0 0.0
6 Class 70R Wheel 0.9 5.6 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.9 0.0 0.0
7 Class 70R Track 1.8 11.3 1.7 3.8 2.3 1.9 0.0 0.0
8 Class 40T Boggie 1.1 9.4 1.3 3.8 1.6 1.9 0.0 0.0
Max Hogging 2.1 18.4 2.7 9.9 3.0 3.6 0.0 0.0
As per IRC:112-2011, Annexure B-3, Slabs designed on effective width basis need
not be checked for shear. Hence the same will be checked only for Shear due to Dead
Load and Earth Pressure Cases.
Data
Grade of concrete = M-20 Mpa
Grade of steel = 500 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of reinf. of steel Es = 200000 Mpa
Partial safety factor for concrete (basic & seismic) γm = 1.50
Partial safety factor for Steel (basic & seismic) γs = 1.15
Partial safety factor for concrete (accidental comb.) γm = 1.20
Partial safety factor for Steel (accidental comb.) γs = 1.00
Basic & Seismic Condition,
xu,max 0.0035
=
0.87 . fy = 0.456
d 0.0055 +
ES
Qlim = 0.36.fck(Xmax /d ) x [1- 0.42 (Xmax /d)] = 2.655
Accidental Condition,
xu,max 0.0035
=
1.0 . fy = 0.438
d 0.0055 +
ES
Mu,lim = Qlim x b x d2
of NH-48
Therefore,
Mu,lim
dreqd. =
Qlim x b
fck b d 4.6 Mu
Ast,reqd. = 1- 1-
2 fy fck b d2
Overall depth of section
Bottom Slab = 200 mm
Top Slab = 175 mm
Outer Wall = 175 mm
Inner Wall = 0 mm
Top Slab Design -Sample Calculation
Check for Hogging Moment
Overall depth of section = 175 mm
Clear cover (towards Earth side) = 25 mm
Effective depth available = 195.0 mm
Depth Required = 89 mm
Hence OK
Width of Slab = 1000 mm
Max Bending Moment = 2.13 tm/m
0.0035 d
xu,max=
0.87 . fy = 88.93 mm
0.0055 +
ES
Mu,lim = Qlim x b x d2 = 10.29 t-m
fck b d 4.6 Mu
Ast,reqd. = 1- 1- = 259.42 mm2/m
2
2 fy fck b d
Ast,min. Max { 0.26.fctm / fyk * (btd ) (or) 0.0013 btd } = 304.20 mm2/m
Provide Reinforcement Main bar

of NH-48
10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c = 785 mm2/m
Reinf. OK
Percentage Reinforcement Provided = 0.40

0.87 . fy . Ast
xu = = 47.45 mm
0.36 fck. b
Hence, SAFE
Section is Under Reinforced , Hence Okay
Mu (steel) = 0.87 . fy . Ast (d - 0.42 xu) = 5.98 t-m
Hence, SAFE
Transverse Reinforcement (As per Cl. 16.6.1.1 of IRC 112-2011) :
Max of (i) 20% of main Reinf. = 157 mm2/m
(ii) Surface Reinf. = 0.01*Act ext = 0 mm2/m
Area of Surface steel provided = 785 + 251 = 1036 mm2/m
1036 > 0 mm2/m Reinf. OK
Area of Steel required = 8 mm dia @ 320 mm c/c = 157 mm2/m
Area of Steel provided = 8 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c = 251 mm2/m
Check for Sagging Moment
Overall depth = 175 mm
Clear cover (Non Earth side) = 25 mm
Effective depth available = 145 mm
Depth Required = 100 mm
Hence OK
Bending Moment at the face = 2.63 tm/m
0.0035 d
xu,max=
0.87 . fy = 66.12 mm
0.0055 +
ES
Mu,lim = Qlim x b x d2 = 5.69 t-m

of NH-48
fck b d 4.6 Mu
Ast,reqd. = 1- 1- = 452.56 mm2/m
2
2 fy fck b d
Ast,min. = Max { 0.26.fctm / fyk * (btd ) (or) 0.0013 btd } = 226.20 mm2/m
Provide Reinforcement Main bar
10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c = 785 mm2/m
Reinf. OK
Percentage Reinforcement Provided = 0.54
0.87 . fy . Ast
xu = = 47.45 mm
0.36 fck. b
Hence, SAFE
Section is Under Reinforced , Hence Okay
Mu (steel) = 0.87 . fy . Ast (d - 0.42 xu) = 4.27 t-m
Hence, SAFE
Transverse Reinforcement (As per Cl. 16.6.1.1 of IRC 112-2011) :
Max of (i) 20% of main Reinf. = 157 mm2/m
(ii) Surface Reinf. = 0.01*Act ext = 0 mm2/m
Area of Surface steel provided = 785 + 251 = 1036 mm2/m
Area of Steel required = 8 mm dia @ 320 mm c/c = 157 mm2/m
Area of Steel provided = 8 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c = 251 mm2/m
Check for Shear
Shear produced at section T/m = 18.4 T/m
The shear can be reduced by a factor of β = αv/ 2d
The shear force has been computed at distance deff from face of support
Hence, βVED = 18.41/2 = 9.21 T/m
Design Shear Resistance
VRd.c > VED
Where , VRd.c = [ 0.12K ( 80ρ1. fck )0.33 + 0.15σcp ].bwd
Subject to a minimum of
of NH-48
VRd.c = ( Vmin + 0.15σcp ).bwd
Where, Vmin = 0.031 K3/2. fck 1/2
200
K = 1 + < = 2.0
d
NEd
σcp = < = 0.2fcd
Ac
Asl
ρ1 = < = 0.02
bwd
NED (Axial Force) = 0.00 T
Ac = 175*1000/1000000 = 0.175 m2
σcp = 0/(0.175*102) = 0.00 Mpa
fcd = 0.446*20 = 8.9 Mpa
Maximum value of σcp = 0.2 fcd = 0.2*8.92 = 1.784 Mpa
Hence σcp = 0.00 Mpa
ρ1 = min(785/(1000*175),0.02) = 0.0045 (or) 0.02 = 0.0045
K = min(1+SQRT(200/195), 2) = 2.013 (or) 2 = 2.000
Vmin = 0.031*2^1.5*20^0.5 = 0.392 Mpa
Min. VRdc = (0.392+0.15*0)*1000*195/9810 = 7.792 T/m
VRdc = (0.12*2*(80*0.0045*20)^0.33+0.15*0)*1000*195/9810 = 9.15 T/m
Hence Shear resistance = MAX(9.152,7.792) = 9.15 T/m
Design shear force VED = 9.21 > 9.15 T/m Provide Shear Reinforcement
The shear resistance with vertical shear reinforcement is given by as per CL. 10.3.3.2
Asw
1 ) VRd.s = z . fywd .cotθ
Min of s
fcd
2 ) VRd.max = αcw bw z v1
cotθ + tanθ
Asw = 10 @ 150 4L = 2094 mm2/m
z = Lever Arm = 0.9 d = 131 mm
cot θ = 1
of NH-48
fywd = fyk/ γm (As per amendment of CL.10.3.3.2 IRC:112-2011) = 434.8 Mpa
VRd.s = ((2094/1000)*131*434.78*1)/9810 = 12.16 T
αcw = is a coefficient taking account of the state of stress in the = 1

compression chord
v1 =v 0.6 ( 1- fck /310) (As per amendment of CL.10.3.3.2 IRC:112-2011)
v1 = 0.6*(1-20/310) = 0.561
VRd.max = (1*1000*131*0.561*8.92)/((1+1/1)*9810) = 33.41 T
VRd.s = 12.16 T
Design Shear Resistance = Min
VRd.max = 33.41 T
Design Shear Resistance = 12.16 T/m
Design shear force VED = 9.21 < 12.16 T/m
Provided shear reinforcement is sufficient
Limit State of Seviceability : (As per cl. 12.2.1 IRC 112-2011)
Tensile Strength of Concrete = 0.259*(fck)0.67 = 1.90 N/mm2
Clear cover for bottom slab non earth side = 50 mm
Clear cover for bottom slab earth side = 50 mm
For Basic/Seismic combination, factor to be used for conc. = 0.447
For Accidental combination, factor to be used for conc. = 0.480
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 22*(fcm/12.5)0.3 Eceff = 28,608 N/mm2
Creep Coefficient (taking long term of creep) φ = 1
0.0035
Frequent / Quasi- xu,max=
0.87 . fy = 0.456
Permanent combination 0.0055+
d ES
0.0035
xu,max=
Rare combination 0.8 x fy = 0.467
0.0055 +
d ES

of NH-48
Mu,lim = Qlim x b x d2
Therefore, Mu,lim
dreqd. =
Qlim x b
Maximum permissible stress
Frequent/Quasi-Permanent
Permissible Stress in Concrete = 0.36*fck = 7.20 Mpa
Permissible Stress in Steel = = 300.0 Mpa
Rare combination
Permissible Stress in Concrete = 0.48*fck = 9.60 Mpa
Permissible Stress in Steel = = 300 Mpa
Stress Check for Top Slab at Mid Span
Moment Due to Dead Loads Mqp = 0.24 tm
Moment Due to Live Load Mst = 1.22 tm
Overall depth = 175 mm
Effective Depth = 145 mm
Area of Reinforcement provided = 785 mm
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 200000 N/mm2

0.3
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 22*(fcm/12.5) = 28,608 N/mm2
Creep Coefficient (taking long term of creep) (Table 6.9) φ = 1
Assumming uncracked section top & bottom stress
M xY = M x (D/2) = (((0.24+1.22)*10000000)*175*0.5)/(1000*175^3/12)
I [ (b x D^3)/12 ] = 2.9 MPa > 1.93 MPa
Cracked
a) Check of stresses assuming short term creep and elastic modulus
- AsEs + (AsEs)2 + 2bAsEsEceff d

Depth of concrete compression: dc =
b Eceff
=((-785.4*200000)+SQRT((-785.4*200000)^2+ = 34.79 mm
(2*1000*785.4*200000*28,608*145)))/(1000*28,608)
of NH-48
=((-785.4*200000)+SQRT((-785.4*200000)^2+
(2*1000*785.4*200000*28,608*145)))/(1000*28,608)
1 Eceff
Moment of inertia for cracked section Icr = As(d- dc)2+ b dc 3
3 Es
=785.4*(145-34.79)^2+(1/3)*(28,608/200000)*1000*34.79^3 = 1.2E+07 mm4
IRC : 112 -2012 ,Cl 12.2.1
Compressive Stresses at M Eceff =((1.22*10000000*34.79)/(11547363))*(28,608/20000

σcr,top = 0)
top Zc Es = 5.26 MPa < 9.60 MPa
OK
Tensile Stress at level of Me d =(((0.24+1.22)*10000000*(145-34.79))/(11547363))

σs =
Steel Zs = 116.44 MPa < 300 MPa
OK
b) Check of stresses assuming long term creep and elastic modulus
Eceff = Ecm = 14304 N/mm2
(1+f)
2
- AsEs + (AsEs) + 2bAsEsEceff d
Depth of concrete compression: dc =
b Eceff
((-785.4*200000)+SQRT((-785.4*200000)^2+
= 46.51 mm
(2*1000*785.4*200000*14304*145)))/ (1000*14304)
Moment of inertia for cracked section 1 Eceff
2 3
Icr = As(d- dc) + b dc
3 Es
= 785.4*(145-46.51)^2+0.3333*(14304/200000)*1000*46.51^3 = 1E+07 mm4
IRC : 112 -2012 ,Cl 12.2.1
Compressive Stresses at M Eceff =((0.24*10^6*46.51)/10017131)*(14304/200000)

σcr,top =
top Zc Es = 0.80 MPa < 9.60 MPa
OK
Tensile Stress at level of Steel Me d = ((0.24*10^6*(145-46.51))/(10017131))

σs =
Zs = 23.60 MPa < 300 MPa
OK
Rare combination IRC : 112 -2012 ,Cl 12.2.1
Combined Compressive Stresses at top = 6.06 MPa < 9.60 MPa
OK
of NH-48
Combined Tensile Stress at level of Steel = 140.04 MPa < 300 MPa
OK
Frequent/Quasi-Permanent IRC : 112 -2012 ,Cl 12.2.1
Combined Compressive Stresses at top = 0.60 MPa < 7.20 MPa
OK
Combined Tensile Stress at level of Steel = 17.70 MPa < 300.0 MPa
OK
As per cl. 12.3.3 IRC 112-2011.
CALCULATION FOR MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT FOR CRACK CONTROL:
1) Top slab
As, min = Kc * K * fct,eff * Act
σs
σs = 240 N/mm2
Kc = 0.4
K 1 for h<300 & 0.65 for h>800 = 1
fct, eff = 1.91 N/mm2
Effective area of concrete in tension hc,eff = -50.00 mm
Act = -50000 mm2
As, min = -159 mm2
Asprovided = 785 mm2
OK
2) Side Wall
σs
σs = 240 N/mm2
Kc = 0.4
K = 1
fct, eff = 1.91 N/mm2
Effective area of concrete in tension hc,eff = 12.5 mm

of NH-48
Act = 12500 mm2
As, min = 0.4*1*1.908*12500/240 = 39.75 mm2
Asprovided = 785 mm2
OK
3) Bottom slab
σs
2
σs = 240 N/mm
Kc = 0.4
K = 1
2
fct, eff = 1.9 N/mm
Effective area of concrete in tension hc,eff = 12.5 mm
Act = 1E+04 mm2
As, min = 0.4*1*1.908*12500/240 = 39.75 mm2
Asprovided = 785.4 mm2
As per cl. 12.3.4 IRC 112-2011.
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF CRACK WIDTH FOR TOP SLAB AT MID SPAN
εsm - εcm As per 12.3.4 of IRC 112-2011
εsm = Mean strain in the reinforcement
εcm = Mean strain in concrete between cracks
1) Top slab
Crack width, wk = Sr.max ( εsm- εcm)

where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing
fct,eff
σsc - kt 1+αe ρp,eff
εsm - εcm = ρp,eff > = 0.6 σsc
Es Es
σsc = Stress in tension reinforcement for QP combination
hc,eff=Effect area of concrete in tension = -50.000 mm
σsc = 15.002 N/mm2
Kt = 0.565
of NH-48
fct,eff = 1.91 N/mm2
ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = -0.02
αe = Es/Eceff = 6.991
εsm - εcm = 0.00038
For the case of deformed bars associated with pure bending, as per Eq. 12.11 of IRC:112-2011
3.4 c + 0.17 φ
Sr.max =
ρp,eff
2 2
Φ eq = n1Φ1 + n2Φ2 = 10 mm
n1Φ1 + n2Φ2
Sr.max = 61.77 mm
Wk = 0.023 mm < 0.3 mm
Hence OK
Engineering Design Consultancy Servicesfor 6-laning of Chitradurga-Davanagere including Chitradurga Bypass(Km 189+000 to 260+000) (Design Chainage )Km 0+000 to Km 20+700,Km 208+000 to Km 260+000) of NH-48
Ultimate Limit State of Strength : Component Design
Effective Depth xu= Transverse Reinforcement (As per Cl. 16.6.1.1 of IRC 112-2011) :
Moment
Moment Overall of Moment of
Clear Xumax= Ast min Moment of
(with Partial Safety Depth Depth Mulim Ast Req Bar dia spacing Ast prov (0.87fy*Ast) resistance resistance
Section Cover 0.456d mm2 Ast Check pt % prov Section resistance (i) 20% of main Reinf. Required Steel Provided Steel
factor) Provided Check / offered by offered by
(0.36*fck*b steel Diff.
steel check
Required Provided )
(t-m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (t-m) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (t-m) (mm2) Bar dia Spacing Ast Bar dia Spacing Ast (mm2)
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm)
Sagging 10 200 Under
2.63 25 175 100 145 OK 66.1 5.69 452.6 226.2 785.4 OK 0.54 47.45 4.27 OK 1.64 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
(Bot reinf.) 10 200 Reinforced
Top Slab
Hogging 10 200 Under
2.13 25 175 89 195 OK 88.9 10.29 259.4 304.2 785.4 OK 0.40 47.45 5.98 OK 3.86 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
(Top reinf) 10 200 Reinforced

1.43 50 200 73 195 OK 88.9 10.29 253.5 304.2 785.4 OK 0.40 47.45 5.98 OK 4.55 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
(Bot reinf.) 10 200 Reinforced
Bottom
Slab 10 200
Hogging Under
2.72 50 200 101 145 OK 66.1 5.69 470.1 226.2 785.4 OK 0.54 47.45 4.27 OK 1.55 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
(Top reinf) 10 200 Reinforced

(Inner 2.29 50 175 93 120 OK 54.7 3.90 487.6 187.2 785.4 OK 0.65 47.45 3.42 OK 1.13 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
10 200 Reinforced
Outer Reinf.)
Wall Hogging 10 200 Under
(Outer 3.02 50 175 107 170 OK 77.5 7.82 436.4 265.2 785.4 OK 0.46 47.45 5.13 OK 2.11 157 8 320 157 8 200 251
10 200 Reinforced
Reinf.)
Engineering Design Consultancy Servicesfor 6-laning of Chitradurga-Davanagere including Chitradurga Bypass(Km 189+000 to 260+000) (Design Chainage )Km 0+000 to Km 20+700,Km 208+000 to Km 260+000) of NH-48
Limit State of Serviceability : As per cl. 12.2.1 IRC 112-2011.

Tensile
Earth Effec. Depth Assumming uncracked Compr
Wearing Moment Depth of Moment of Stress at
DL Pressure DL+WC+E Live load Bar dia spacing section top & bottom Stresses at
Clear Coat due to Overall concrete inertia for level of
Section Moment due to P+SUR Moment stress Section check top in Mpa Eceff
Cover Moments( Surcharge Required Provided depth Ast compressi cracked Steel in
(t.m) Back Fill Moment (t.m) M*Y/I={M*(D/2)}/{(b* (Live load
t.m) (t.m) provided Ast req provided on dc section, Icr Mpa (Live
(t.m) D^3)/12} only)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm) (mm2) load only)
10 200
Sagging 25 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.24 1.22 71 145 175 264.5 785.4 2.868 Cracked 34.79 11547341 5.26 116.44 14304
10 200
Top Slab
10 200
Hogging 25 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.16 0.21 0.97 64 195 175 154.1 785.4 2.308 Cracked 41.11 21912242 2.60 68.12 14304
10 200
10 200
Sagging 50 0.07 0.00 0.05 0.30 0.36 0.48 54 195 200 109.2 785.4 1.260 Uncracked 55.00 617906250 0.06 1.09 14304
Bottom 10 200
Slab 10 200
Hogging 50 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.22 0.41 0.90 67 145 200 234.7 785.4 1.959 Cracked 34.79 11547138 3.88 85.90 14304
10 200
10 200
Sagging 50 0.17 0.01 0.07 0.23 0.43 0.69 62 120 175 246.9 785.4 2.202 Cracked 31.22 7641165.7 4.03 80.17 14304
Outer 10 200
Wall 10 200
Hogging 50 0.17 0.01 0.07 0.15 0.37 1.23 74 170 175 244.1 785.4 3.135 Cracked 38.06 16300783 4.11 99.55 14304
10 200
Moment Tensile
Effec. Depth Depth of Compr QUASI PERMANENT
of inertia Stress at RARE COMBINATION : RARE COMBINATION : Combined QUASI PERMANENT COMBINATION :
concrete Stresses at COMBINATION : Crack width
Section Ast for level of Combined Compression Stresses Tensile Stress at level of Steel in Combined Tensile Stress at level of
Required Provided compressi top in Combined Compression Stresses at (mm)
provided cracked Steel in at top in Mpa Mpa Steel in Mpa
2
on dc Mpa top in Mpa
(mm) (mm) (mm ) section Icr Mpa
Sagging 71 145 785.4 46.51 10017113 0.81 24.0 6.07 <9.6 OK 140.4 <300 OK 0.60 <7.2 OK 17.70 <300 OK 0.009 OK
Top Slab
Hogging 64 195 785.4 55.38 19359105 0.43 15.0 3.03 <9.6 OK 83.1 <300 OK 0.16 <7.2 OK 5.77 <300 OK -0.008 OK
Sagging 54 195 785.4 55.00 6.18E+08 0.02 0.8 0.08 <9.6 OK 1.9 <300 OK 0.01 <7.2 OK 0.27 <300 OK 0.000 OK
Bottom
Slab
Hogging 67 145 785.4 46.51 10016871 1.35 39.9 5.23 <9.6 OK 125.8 <300 OK 0.76 <7.2 OK 22.61 <300 OK 0.019 OK
Sagging 62 120 785.4 41.52 6543572 1.97 52.1 6.00 <9.6 OK 132.2 <300 OK 1.13 <7.2 OK 29.98 <300 OK 0.024 OK
Outer
Wall
Hogging 74 170 785.4 51.10 14284057 0.95 30.8 5.06 <9.6 OK 130.4 <300 OK 0.64 <7.2 OK 20.81 <300 OK 0.012 OK

Design of 1.2m x 1.5m RCC box drain

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Design of 1.2m x 1.5m RCC box drain

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Design of RCC box Drain upto

1. Introduction and Reference Codes

a) Structure Type :- RCC Box Structure

c) Size :- 1 x 1.20 x 1.50

d) Length of Box :- 12.0 m

e) Earth Cushion (max) :- 0.065 m

a) Grade of Concrete for Box Structure :- M 20

b) Grade of Steel :- Fe 500

4) Modeling and Analysis considerations :

b) Bottom slab is assumed to be spported on number of springs.

c) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction has been calculated as per J. E. Bowles

e) 3 Lane vehicle loading conforming to IRC-6 :2014 is used.

a) Ultimate Limit State(ULS) :-

For structural strength of various components.

b) Seviceability Limit State(SLS) :-

Rare combination are adopted to check the stresses in various components

Frequent combination are adpoted for deflection check

Quasi-permanent Combinations are adopted for checking the crack width.

6) Environment Condition Considered:

Environmental exposure condition for the structure is considered as Moderate

(as defined in Table 14.1 of IRC -112 )

7) Construction Sequence Considered:

The following construction sequance has been considered in the design.

(Ref: Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

Partial safety factor for concrete (basic & seismic) γm = 1.5

Partial safety factor for Steel (basic & seismic) γs = 1.15

Partial safety factor for concrete (accidental comb.) γm = 1.2

Partial safety factor for Steel (accidental comb.) γs = 1

(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

(Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011)

(Annexure A-2, IRC:112-2011)

fywd = fyk/ γm (As per amendment of CL.10.3.1 IRC:112-2011)

Modular ratio αe = (Es/Ecm) αe = 6.99

Ultimate tensile strain in the steel εs = [{fy/(γs x Es)}+0.002] = 0.0042

A2.10 Page : 244 of IRC: 112 - 2011

Coefficient to consider the influence of concrete strength, α = 0.67

0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa, Eq.A2-33, IRC:112

Factor (λ) λ = 0.8

1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa, Eq.A2-35, IRC:112

Limiting Neutral Axis Depth (for Balanced section )

Limiting value of Moment of Resistance factor (for Balanced section ), R = 2.65

3. Analysis of RCC Box Structure

No. of Vents = 1 Nos.

Vent Width = 1.2 m

Vent Height = 1.5 m

Total Depth of Fill (including wearing course) = 0.065 m

Thickness of Top slab = 0.175 m

Thickness of Bottom slab = 0.2 m

Thickness of Outer Wall = 0.175 m

Thickness of Inner Wall = 0m

Blasé slab Projection = 0m

Width of Crash barrier / Parapet Wall = 0.5 m

Length of Box between outer to outer of Parapet = 12 m

Thickness of wearing course = 0.065 m

0.000 m Earth Fill

0.175 Top Slab

0.2 Bottom Slab

Node Numbering in Staad Model

Beam Numbering in Staad Model

Grade of Steel = Fe 500

1) Dead Load & SIDL

Load due to self weight of Outer Wall = 0.1751.52.5 = 0.65625 t/m

Load due to self weight of Inner Wall = 01.52.5 = 0 t/m

Load due to self weight of Haunch = 0.50.150.15*2.5 = 0.028 t/m

Pressure at Top of Box Structure = 0.52(0.065+0.175/2) = 0.153 t/m

Pressure at Base of Box = 0.52(1.875-0.2/2+0.065) = 1.84 t/m

Pressure on walls = 0.521.2 = 1.2 t/m