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BFC34702
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN
DESIGN OF
REINFORCED
CONCRETE BEAM
CHAPTER 4 – PART 1
4
• The mean value of density may
be assumed to be 7850 kg/m3.
Durability Requirement
Durability requirements are to ensure that a
structure has satisfactory durability
performance under normal circumstances
throughout its lifetime.
• EC2 recommends simple rules concerning
the concrete cover to reinforcement, 5
Durability Requirement
Concrete cover, Cnom
• Based on Sec. 4.4 EC2, the nominal cover can be assessed as follows:
C nom Cmin C dev
• Where Cmin shall be provided in order to ensure (Sec. 4.4.1.2 EC2):
• The safe transmission of bond forces, Cmin,b
• The protection of steel against corrosion (Durability), Cmin,dur
• An adequate fire resistance, Cmin,fire
• The greater value for Cmin satisfying the requirements for both bond and
environmental conditions shall be used.
Cmin = max { Cmin,b ; Cmin,dur ; Cmin,fire }
ΔCdev is and allowance which should be made in the design for deviation
from the minimum cover. It should be taken as 10 mm. It is permitted to
reduce to 5 mm if the fabrication subjected to a quality assurance system.
Durability Requirement
Minimum cover for bond, Cmin,b
Minimum cover, Cmin,b requirement with regard to bond
Durability Requirement
Minimum cover for durability Cmin,dur
Minimum cover Cmin,dur requirement with regard to durability for
reinforcement steel.
Table 4.4N; EN 1992-1-1
See Table
4.3N
Reduce
class by 1
S4 => S3
Increase
class by 2
S4 => S6
Durability Requirement
Minimum cover for durability Cmin,dur
Reference of Structural Class = S4 Design working life and structural class
Durability Requirement
Minimum cover for durability Cmin,dur
Structural classification and values of Cmin,dur for use in a Country may be
found in its National Annex. The recommended Structural Class (design
working life of 50 years) is S4 for the indicative concrete strengths given
in Annex E and the recommended modifications to the structural class is
given in Table 4.3N.
Durability Requirement
Minimum cover for fire resistance, Cmin,fire
• The recommendation for structural fire design is considered in EC2: Part
1-2. Rather than giving a minimum cover, the method used is based on
nominal axis distance, a.
The axis distance, a is the
distance from the centre of
a sd a 1 0 the main reinforcement bar 8
b
to the top or bottom
Cmin,fire = asd - link - bar/2 surface of the member.
Example 4.1
Concrete cover, Cnom
Determine concrete cover of the simply supported beam as shown below. Given the
following data.
250 mm
Design life = 50 years (S4)
Fire resistance = R60 9
Spacing of Reinforcement
The minimum distance between bars is to permit concrete flows around
reinforcement during construction and to ensure that concrete can be
compacted satisfactorily for the development of adequate bond.
The clear distance between bars should not be less than the maximum of
(i) the maximum bar size,
(ii) the maximum aggregate size + 5 mm, or
(iii) 20 mm. (Specified in section 8.2 EC2).
• Materials properties
• Concrete, fck
• Steel reinf., fyk
• Concrete cover, Cnom 11
• Cmin, b
• Cmin, dur
• Cmin, fire
• Min. and Max. area of reinforcement.
• As,min
• As,max
• Reinforcement spacing