Design of 19.330m Pier Cap

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Design of pier cap with 19.330 m overall length of superstructure in straight alignment on both sides of pier Sheet No.: 1
DESIGN OF PIER CAP WITH 19.330 m OVERALL LENGTH OF SUPERSTRUCTURE IN STRAIGHT

ALIGNMENT ON BOTH SIDES OF PIER
INTRODUCTION:
The design calculation of pier cap with 19.330 m overall length of superstructure in straight alignment on
both sides of pier is presented in this design note. This note also includes the design calculation of seismic
stopper blocks to be provided at top of pier cap. The pier cap is cantilevered out both in longitudinal and
transverse directions to accommodate the bearings of superstructure. All the elements for which the design
calculation is presented in this design note are cantilever in nature. For elements with the ratio of shear
span to effective depth more than 1.0, normal cantilever design for flexure, shear and torsion has been
carried out as per IRC: 112. However for elements with the ratio of shear span to effective depth less than
1.0, short-cantilever (corbel) design has been carried out following the principles given in the book titled
"Concrete Bridge Practice - Analysis, Design and Economic" by Mr. V. K. Raina.
As regards the transverse seismic arrestors on pier cap, the pedestals under the outer longitudinal girders
will act as transverse seismic stopper block. For this purpose, the end cross girders of superstructure will
be projected downwards and this downward projected part of the end cross girders will butt against the
pedestals under the outer longitudinal girders of superstructure in the event of seismic force acting in
transverse direction. A clear horizontal gap of 15 mm is proposed between the vertical surfaces of
projected cross girder and pedestal. 12 mm thick elastomeric pad will be fixed on the pedestal at contact
area leaving 3 mm gap for transverse movement of superstructure due to temperature variation and
shrinkage.
For longitudinal seismic arrestors on pier cap, a vertical concrete block has been proposed in the horizontal
space available between the opposite rear faces of outer longitudinal girders of superstructures of adjacent
spans. This vertical concrete block is combined with the pedestals under the outer longitudinal girders of
superstructure. A clear horizontal gap of 20 mm is proposed between the vertical surfaces of the concrete
block and the rear vertical faces of outer longitudinal girders of superstructures. 12 mm thick elastomeric
pad will be fixed on the concrete block at contact area leaving 8 mm gap for longitudinal movement of
superstructure due to temperature variation and shrinkage.
The loads from superstructure girders for design of pier cap have been considered from Design Note No.:
2017-18/J-801/D/DN-04 and Drawing No.: 2017-18/J-801/D/03 submitted earlier. This design note is
applicable for the following piers of the three bridges in the project under consideration.
Bridge name Pier mkd.
Bridge at Nyaykali P12 and P13
Bridge at Jalda P20
Bridge at Saulat P25
The design of pier cap with 19.330 m overall length of superstructure in curved alignment will be presented
under cover of a separate design note.
This design calculation shall be read in conjunction with drawing numbers 2017-18/J-801/A/40 and 2017-
18/J-801/A/41 submitted with this note.
Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Introduction CDC Consulting Design Engg. Centre (P) Ltd.
Design of pier cap with 19.330 m overall length of superstructure in straight alignment on both sides of pier CDC Consulting Design Engg. Centre (P) Ltd.
DESIGN OF PIER CAP WITH 19.330 m OVERALL LENGTH OF SUPERSTRUCTURE IN STRAIGHT ALIGNMENT ON BOTH SIDES OF PIER
STRUCTURAL DESIGN PARAMETERS:
Characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days, fck = 45 N/mm2 Clear cover to outermost reinforcement bar, c = 75 mm
2
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement, fyk = 500 N/mm Permissible crack width = 0.20 mm
Ultimate compressive strain in concrete, ecu = 0.0035 Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel, Es = 200000 N/mm
2
Coefficient for concrete strength, a = Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ecm = 2

0.67 34313 N/mm
Partial factor for concrete property, gm = 1.50 Modular ratio, m = 5.829
Partial factor for reinforcing steel, gs = 1.15 Allowable bending compressive stress in concrete for SLS verification = 16.200 N/mm
2
Coefficient acc for calculating fcd = 0.67 Allowable direct compressive stress in concrete for SLS verification = 11.250 N/mm
2
2 2
Mean value of concrete cube compressive strength, fcm = 55 N/mm Allowable tensile stress in concrete for SLS verification = 4.800 N/mm
2 2
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete, fctm = 3.277 N/mm Allowable tensile stress in reinforcement for SLS verification = 400 N/mm
Design value of concrete compressive strength, fcd = 2
20.100 N/mm Density of concrete = 24.518 kN/m3
Design yield stress of longitudinal and shear reinforcement, fyd = fywd = 435 2
N/mm Partial safety factor for dead load for structural strength verification = 1.350
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio, rw,min = 0.00097 Partial safety factor for dead load for serviceability limit state design = 1.000
DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS:
2
Straight length of pier = 3300 mm Diameter of semi-circular cut-water at pier ends = 1100 mm Cross-sectional area of pier = 4580332 mm
Considering the pier as rectangular in shape, equivalent length of 1100 mm wide pier = 4164 mm Width of pier cap = 1900 mm
Distance of centre line of outer bearing from centre line of pier along transverse direction = 3150 mm Depth of pier cap at extreme end = 700 mm
Distance of centre line of bearings from centre line of pier along longitudinal direction = 650 mm Depth of pier cap at face of pier = 1100 mm
Angle of bottom sloping face of pier cap with horizontal plane, q = 18.435 degrees Height of bearing plus pedestal above pier cap = 525 mm
Length of pedestal along transverse direction = 800 mm Length of pedestal along longitudinal direction = 600 mm
DESIGN OF PIER CAP IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION:
P Maximum diameter of stirrups = 16 mm
400 3150 Effective cover to tension reinforcement at top = 114 mm
1068 2082 Effective depth of pier cap at face of pier, d = 986 mm
Centre line of pier and Shear span of load from bearing, a = 1068 mm
Bearing
Pedestal pier cap Shear span is more than the effective depth.
Hence, the pier cap shall be designed as a normal cantilever, and not as a corbel (short
700 Pier cap bracket).
967
1100
Calculation of self weight of cantilever pier cap at face of pier:
400 Weight of trapezoidal portion = 50.310 kN
CG distance from face of pier = 0.824 m
800 668 Weight of rectangular portion = 13.733 kN
1200 268 Pier CG distance from face of pier = 0.134 m
Total weight at face of pier = 64.043 kN
CG distance of above weight from face of pier = 0.676 m
FRONT ELEVATION OF PIER CAP WITH PEDESTAL / BEARING
Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 2

(a) Design considering load on bearing from both right and left side superstructure is same and maximum i.e. there is no torsion in pier cap due to vertical load:
(i) Design of pier cap at face of pier:
Design for structural strength verification:
Factored vertical load from each bearing = 1634 kN (Refer to design note no. 2017-18/J-801/D/DN-04 for calculation of bearing design parameters)
Factored longitudinal horizontal force from each bearing = 49 kN Number of bearings on cantilever portion of pier cap = 2
Factored bending moment at face of pier, M = 3548.6 kNm Factored shear force at face of pier = 3354 kN
Factored shear force after slope correction, V = 2155 kN Factored torsion at CG of pier cap at face of pier, T = 105 kNm
Design for moment:
2
Width of section, bw = 1900 mm Minimum tension reinforcement area, Ast,min = 3193 mm
Overall depth of section, D = 1100 mm Design tension reinforcement area, Ast,des = 8727 mm2
Effective depth of section, d = 986 mm Proposed tension reinforcement area, Ast,prov = 13744 mm2
Limiting depth of neutral axis, xlim = 608 mm
Limiting value of moment, Mlim = 13792 kNm Proposed tension reinforcement arrangement
Design value of bending moment, MEd = 3549 kNm Diameter of Reinforcement CG distance from tension face
Number
Actual depth of neutral axis, x = 122.7 mm reinforcement (mm) area (mm2) (mm)
Lever arm, z = 935 mm 25 23 11290 103.5
Compression, C = Tension, T = 3794 kN 25 5 2454 160.5
2
Required tension reinforcement area, Ast,req = 8727 mm Total 13744 113.7
2
Margin available in the proposed tension reinforcement area for torsional longitudinal reinforcement = 5018 mm
Design for shear force and torsion:
2 2
Design value of shear force, VEd = 2155 kN K = 1.450 r1 = 0.0073 nmin = 0.513 N/mm scp = 0 N/mm
VRd.c = 961 kN Hence shear reinforcement is required. acc = 0.67 acw = 1.000
Strength reduction factor, n = 0.513 n1 = 0.513 VRd.max = 4580 kN
q= 21.8 degrees Cotq = 2.50 rw,min = 0.000966 a= 90 degrees Sin a = 1.000
2
Design value of torsion, TEd = 105 kNm u= 6000 mm A = 2090000 mm tef1 = 348 mm tef2 = 227 mm
2
tef = 348 mm h = 752 mm b = 1552 mm Ak = 1166336 mm TRd.max = 4188 kNm uk = 4607 mm
TEd / TRd.max + VEd / VRd.max = 0.496
Shear flow due to torsion, q = 45.2 N/mm Torsional shear stress, t = 0.13 N/mm
2
Additional vertical shear force due to torsion = 34 kN
Total shear force for calculation of transverse reinforcement = 2189 kN
2
Required transverse reinforcement area, [Asw/s]req = 2.153 mm /mm
2
Minimum transverse reinforcement area, [Asw/(s)]min = 1.835 mm /mm Proposed diameter of transverse reinforcement (stirrups) = 10 mm
2
Design transverse reinforcement area, [Asw/(s)]des = 2.153 mm /mm Proposed number of legs of 10 mm diameter stirrups = 10
2
Proposed transverse reinforcement area, [Asw/s]prov = 3.927 mm /mm Proposed spacing of 10 legged 10 mm diameter stirrups = 200 mm
2
Total longitudinal reinforcement area required for torsion, Asl = 1196 mm
2
Longitudinal reinforcement area required both at top and bottom face due to torsion = 403 mm
2

Proposed diameter of bottom reinforcement = 20 mm Proposed number of bottom reinforcement = 12

2
Proposed bottom reinforcement area = 3770 mm
2
Longitudinal reinforcement area required at each side face due to torsion = 195 mm
Proposed diameter of side face reinforcement = 20 mm Proposed number of side face reinforcement = 6
2
Design for serviceability limit state verification:
Factored bending moment at face of pier, M = 2519 kNm Number of bearings on cantilever portion of pier cap = 2
Stress check for moment:
2
Width of section, bw = 1900 mm Proposed tension reinforcement area, Ast,prov = 13744 mm
Overall depth of section, D = 1100 mm Lever arm, z = 903 mm
Effective depth of section, d = 986 mm Compression, C = Tension, T = 2789 kN
2
Depth of neutral axis, n = 249 mm Maximum compressive stress in concrete, fc = 11.775 N/mm
2
Design value of applied bending moment, M = 2519 kNm Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement, fst = 202.90 N/mm
Crack width check by direct method for quasi-permanent condition:
2
Compression, C = Tension, T = 1779 kN Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement, fst = 129.43 N/mm
Maximum diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Maximum centre to centre spacing of tension reinforcement, s = 76 mm c = 91 mm
2
Permissible spacing of reinforcement bars, smax = 518 mm hc,eff = 284 mm Ac,eff = 538775 mm rp,eff = 0.026
k1 = 0.8 k2 = 0.5 Sr,max = 476 mm kt = 0.5 (esm-ecm)1 = 0.000278 (esm-ecm)2 = 0.000388
(esm-ecm) = 0.0003883 W k = 0.185 mm
(ii) Design of pier cap at face of pedestal:
Calculation of self weight of cantilever pier cap at face of pedestal:
Weight of trapezoidal portion = 31.056 kN CG distance from face of pedestal = 0.379 m Effective depth of pier cap at face of pedestal, d = 853 mm
Factored longitudinal horizontal force from each bearing = 49 kN Number of bearings on cantilever portion of pier cap = 2
Factored bending moment at face of pedestal, M = 1323 kNm Factored shear force at face of pedestal = 3310 kN

Design for moment:

2
Width of section, bw = 1900 mm Minimum tension reinforcement area, Ast,min = 2761 mm
2
Overall depth of section, D = 967 mm Design tension reinforcement area, Ast,des = 3659 mm
2
Effective depth of section, d = 853 mm Proposed tension reinforcement area, Ast,prov = 13744 mm
Limiting depth of neutral axis, xlim = 526 mm
Limiting value of moment, Mlim = 10315 kNm Proposed tension reinforcement arrangement
Design value of bending moment, MEd = 1323 kNm Diameter of Reinforcement CG distance from tension face
Number
Actual depth of neutral axis, x = 51.5 mm reinforcement (mm) area (mm2) (mm)
Lever arm, z = 832 mm 25 23 11290 103.5
Compression, C = Tension, T = 1591 kN 25 5 2454 160.5
2
Required tension reinforcement area, Ast,req = 3659 mm Total 13744 113.7
2
2 2
2
Design value of torsion, TEd = 99 kNm u= 5733.3 mm A = 1836667 mm tef1 = 320 mm tef2 = 227 mm
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


2
Effective depth of section, d = 853.0 mm Compression, C = Tension, T = 1209 kN
2
Depth of neutral axis, n = 229.3 mm Maximum compressive stress in concrete, fc = 5.550 N/mm
2
Crack width check by direct method for quasi-permanent condition:
2
Compression, C = Tension, T = 769 kN Maximum tensile stress in reinforcement, fst = 55.97 N/mm
Maximum diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Maximum centre to centre spacing of tension reinforcement, s = 76 mm c = 91 mm
2
Permissible spacing of reinforcement bars, smax = 518 mm hc,eff = 246 mm Ac,eff = 466980 mm rp,eff = 0.029
k1 = 0.8 k2 = 0.5 Sr,max = 454 mm kt = 0.5 (esm-ecm)1 -= 0.000046 (esm-ecm)2 = 0.000168
(esm-ecm) = 0.0001679 W k = 0.076 mm
(b) Design considering load on bearing from right side superstructure is maximum and that from left side superstructure is minimum i.e. there is maximum torsion in pier cap due to vertical load:
(i) Design of pier cap at face of pier:
Factored vertical load from right bearing = 1634 kN (Refer to design note no. 2017-18/J-801/D/DN-04 for calculation of bearing design parameters)
Factored vertical load from left bearing = 625 kN
Factored longitudinal horizontal force from each bearing = 49 kN
Factored bending moment at face of pier, M = 2471 kNm Factored shear force at face of pier = 2345 kN
Design for moment:
Width of section, bw = 1900 mm Limiting depth of neutral axis, xlim = 608 mm
Overall depth of section, D = 1100 mm Limiting value of moment, Mlim = 13792 kNm
Effective depth of section, d = 986 mm Actual depth of neutral axis, x = 84.0 mm
Design value of bending moment, MEd = 2471 kNm Lever arm, z = 951 mm Compression, C = Tension, T = 2597 kN
2 2
Minimum tension reinforcement area, Ast,min = 3193 mm Required tension reinforcement area, Ast,req = 5974 mm
2 2
Design tension reinforcement area, Ast,des = 5974 mm Proposed tension reinforcement area, Ast,prov = 13744 mm
2


2 2
2
Design value of torsion, TEd = 761 kNm u= 6000 mm A = 2090000 mm tef1 = 348 mm tef2 = 227 mm
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Factored bending moment at face of pier, M = 1782 kNm
2
Effective depth of section, d = 986 mm Compression, C = Tension, T = 1973 kN
2
Depth of neutral axis, n = 249 mm Maximum compressive stress in concrete, fc = 8.330 N/mm
2

(ii) Design of pier cap at face of pedestal:

Calculation of self weight of cantilever pier cap at face of pedestal:
Weight of trapezoidal portion = 31.056 kN CG distance from face of pedestal = 0.379 m Effective depth of pier cap at face of pier, d = 853 mm
Factored bending moment at face of pedestal, M = 919 kNm Factored shear force at face of pedestal = 2301 kN
Design for moment:
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
Design value of torsion, TEd = 755 kNm u= 5733.3 mm A = 1836667 mm tef1 = 320 mm tef2 = 227 mm
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
2
Factored bending moment at face of pier, M = 663 kNm
2
Effective depth of section, d = 853.0 mm Compression, C = Tension, T = 854 kN
2
Depth of neutral axis, n = 229.3 mm Maximum compressive stress in concrete, fc = 3.919 N/mm
2
DESIGN OF PIER CAP IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION:
950
650 P 300 Vu
Centre line of Centre line of load 200

pier / pier cap Bearing Face of corbel
H
Hu
Pedestal 525 657 525
1100 1100
Pier cap 968
Pier 600 Corbel
200 400
550 400
SIDE ELEVATION OF PIER CAP WITH PEDESTAL / BEARING ELEVATION OF CORBEL (SHORT BRACKET)
Design parameters for corbel:

Shear span of cantilever, a = 200.0 mm Overall depth of cantilever at front, s = 1100 mm Overall depth of cantilever at support, h = 1100 mm
Effective width of cantilever, b = 1040 mm Coefficient of friction, m = 1.40 Effective cover to reinforcement = 132 mm

Design loads on cantilever for structural strength verification:

Maximum factored vertical load from each bearing = 1634 kN Pedestal width in cantilever portion = 400 mm
Maximum factored longitudinal horizontal force from each bearing = 49 kN
Proportionate un-factored vertical load on cantilever portion = 1089 kN
Proportionate un-factored longitudinal horizontal force on cantilever portion = 33 kN
Check Condition:
Effective depth, d' = 1,100 - 132 = 968 mm Shear span is less than the effective depth. So, the pier cap shall be designed as a corbel (short bracket).
Step 1: s / d' = 1,100 / 968 = 1.136
Step 2: Check shear stress:
Vu = 1089 kN f 'c = 0.8 fck = 0.8 x 45 = 36 N/mm2
Lever arm, d = 0.8 d' = 0.8 x 968 = 774 mm Vu / ( b d ) = 1,089 x 1000 / ( 1,040 x 774 ) = 1.35 N/mm2
0.15 f 'c = 0.15 x 36.0 = 5.40 N/mm2
Step 3: Calculate shear-friction reinforcement:
Shear-friction reinforcement, A vf = Vu / ( 0.85 fsy m ) = 1,089 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 x 1.40 ) = 1831 mm2
Step 4: Calculate direct tension reinforcement:
Hu = 33 kN 0.2 Vu = 0.2 x 1,089 = 218 kN Hence consider Hu = 218 kN
2
Direct tension reinforcement, A t = Hu /( 0.85 fsy ) = 218 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 ) = 513 mm
Step 5: Calculate flexural-tension reinforcement:
Flexural-tension reinforcement, A f = [ Vu a + Hu ( h - d' ) ] / ( 0.85 f sy d ) = [ 1,089 x 1000 x 200.0 + 218 x 1000 x 657 ) ] / ( 0.85 x 500 x 774 ) = 1097 mm2
Step 6: Calculate primary tensile reinforcement:
A f + A t = 1,097 + 513 = 1610 mm2 2 A vf / 3 + A t = 2 x 1,831 / 3 + 513 = 1733 mm2
( 0.04 f ' c / f sy ) b d ' = ( 0.04 x 36 / 500 ) x 1,040 x 968 = 2899 mm2 Consider primary tensile reinforcement, As = 2899 mm2
Step 7: Calculate horizontal stirrup reinforcement:
0.5 A f = 0.5 x 1,097 = 548 mm2 A vf / 3 = 1,831 / 3 = 610 mm2 Consider horizontal stirrups area = 610 mm2
Step 8: Calculate vertical stirrup reinforcement:
Design value of shear force, VEd = 1089 kN K = 1.455 r1 = 0.0029 nmin = 0.378 N/mm2 scp = 0 N/mm2
VRd.c = 380.2 kN Hence shear reinforcement is required. acc = 0.67 fcd = 20.100 N/mm2
acw = 1.000 Strength reduction factor, n = 0.513 n1 = 0.513 VRd.max = 4151 kN
2
Required shear reinforcement area, [Asw/s]req = 1.294 mm /mm Minimum shear reinforcement area, [Asw/s]min = 1.005 mm2/mm
2
Design shear reinforcement area, [Asw/s]des = 1.294 mm /mm
Summary of reinforcement area required in corbel and provision of reinforcement in pier cap:
Effective width of corbel = 1040 mm Overall width of pier cap = 7100 mm

(i) Primary tensile reinforcement area:

Design primary tensile reinforcement area in corbel = 2899 mm2 Design primary tensile reinforcement area in overall width of pier cap = 19794 mm2
Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 32 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 15
Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 16
Proposed primary tensile reinforcement area = 19918 mm2
(ii) Horizontal stirrup reinforcement area:
Design horizontal stirrup reinforcement area in corbel = 610 mm2 Design horizontal stirrup reinforcement area in overall width of pier cap = 4166 mm2
Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 48
Proposed horizontal stirrup reinforcement area = 5429 mm2 This reinforcement shall be provided within 645 mm from top surface of corbel.
(iii) Vertical stirrup reinforcement area:
2 2
Design vertical stirrup reinforcement area in corbel = 1.294 mm /mm Design vertical stirrup reinforcement area in overall width of pier cap = 8.834 mm /mm
Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 16
2
Proposed vertical stirrup reinforcement area = 9.05 mm /mm Proposed spacing of vertical stirrup reinforcement = 200 mm
DESIGN OF SEISMIC STOPPER BLOCK:
Details of vertical load from superstructure:
Total dead load and superimposed dead load (excepting surfacing) of superstructure = 3383 kN (refer calculations submitted for bearing load data)
Total superimposed dead load due to road surfacing = 290 kN (refer calculations submitted for bearing load data)
Total permanent load of superstructure span = 3673 kN
Maximum vertical carriageway live load on superstructure = 1087 kN for 2 lanes of Class-A train of load.
Maximum vertical footpath live load for both side footpaths loaded condition = 181 kN (refer calculations submitted for bearing load data)
Calculation of horizontal seismic coefficient:
Seismic zone = III Zone factor, Z = 0.16 Importance factor, I = 1.2 [Sa/g]max = 2.5
Response reduction factor, R = 1.0 Maximum horizontal seismic coefficient, ah = 0.24 Maximum vertical seismic coefficient, av = 0.16
Calculation of transverse seismic force on stopper block:
Permanent load at each end of superstructure span = 1836.5 kN
Conservatively assuming 90% of the total vertical carriageway live load on superstructure span will act at one end, carriageway live load at one end of superstructure span = 978.3 kN
Footpath live load at each end of superstructure span = 91 kN
Maximum total live load at each end of superstructure = 1068.8 kN Percentage of total live load to act during seismic condition = 20 %
Total seismic weight for transverse seismic force, W = 2050.3 kN
Total horizontal transverse seismic force = 492.1 kN Total vertical seismic force = 328.0 kN
Number of stopper blocks provided on pier cap at each end of superstructure for transverse seismic force == 1
Horizontal transverse seismic force per stopper block = 492.1 kN Vertical seismic force per stopper block = 328.0 kN
Calculation of longitudinal seismic force on stopper block:
Total permanent load of superstructure span = 3673 kN Total seismic weight for longitudinal seismic force, W = 3673 kN
Total horizontal longitudinal seismic force = 881.5 kN Total vertical seismic force = 587.7 kN
Number of stopper blocks provided on pier cap at each end of superstructure for longitudinal seismic force = 2
Horizontal longitudinal seismic force per stopper block = 440.8 kN Vertical seismic force per stopper block = 293.8 kN

DESIGN OF STOPPER BLOCK FOR TRANSVERSE SEISMIC FORCE:

In the proposed seismic force transferring arrangement, pedestal on pier cap will act as stopper bock for transverse seismic force. Transverse seismic force from superstructure will be transferred to
pedestal cum stopper block through end cross girder of superstructure.
Summary of unfactored forces on each stopper block / pedestal:
Un-factored loads Overall length of pedestal / depth of stopper block = 800 mm
Loading condition Horizontal force Vertical force Overall width of pedestal / width of stopper block = 670 mm
(kN) (kN) Height of pedestal / cantilever projection of stopper block from top of pier cap level = 370 mm
Transverse seismic force 492.1 328.0 Width of end cross girder of superstructure = 350 mm
A elastomer pad will be provided at the projected face of end cross girder of superstructure for smooth transmission of transverse seismic force from superstructure to pedestal cum stopper block.
Permissible compressive stress of elastomer pad = 10 N/mm2 Permissible direct compressive stress of concrete = 11.250 N/mm2
2
Design compressive stress for calculating bearing area for transverse seismic force = 10.000 N/mm
Required bearing area of pedestal cum stopper block for transverse seismic force = 49206 mm2
Width of contact area = 350 mm Minimum required depth of contact area = 141 mm Consider the depth of contact area of pedestal cum stopper block = 200 mm
So the top 200 mm depth of pedestal will be the load transfer length of the stopper block.
Summary of loads for design of stopper block for structural strength verification: Hu 800 Pedestal
Un-factored load Partial safety Factored load for structural
Load description
(kN) factor strength verification (kN)
Vu
Horizontal force 492.1 1.50 738.1 200
Vertical force 328.0 1.50 492.1 370
Top of pier cap 270
Design parameters for cantilever: 170
Lever arm / shear span of horizontal seismic force from top of pier cap, a = 270 mm Pier cap
Length of pedestal = overall depth of cantilever at front, s = 800 mm
Overall depth of cantilever at support, h = 800 mm 701
Width of pedestal = width of cantilever, b = 670 mm
Effective cover to reinforcement = 100 mm ELEVATION OF CORBEL (SHORT BRACKET)
Check Condition:
Effective depth, d' = 800 - 100 = 701 mm Shear span is less than the effective depth. So, the stopper block shall be designed as a corbel (short bracket).
Step 1: s / d' = 800 / 701 = 1.142
Step 2: Check shear stress:
Vu = 738.1 kN f 'c = 0.8 fck = 0.8 x 45 = 36 N/mm2
Lever arm, d = 0.8 d' = 0.8 x 701 = 560 mm Vu / ( b d ) = 738.1 x 1000 / ( 670 x 560 ) = 1.97 N/mm2
0.15 f 'c = 0.15 x 36.0 = 5.40 N/mm2
Shear-friction reinforcement, A vf = Vu / ( 0.85 fsy m ) = 738.1 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 x 1.40 ) = 1240 mm2
Hu = 492.1 kN 0.2 Vu = 0.2 x 738.1 = 147.6 kN Hence consider Hu = 492.1 kN
Direct tension reinforcement, A t = Hu /( 0.85 fsy ) = 492.1 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 ) = 1158 mm2


Flexural-tension reinforcement, A f = [ Vu a + Hu ( h - d' ) ] / ( 0.85 f sy d ) = [ 738.1 x 1000 x 270 + 492.1 x 1000 x ( 800 - 701 ) ] / ( 0.85 x 500 x 560 ) = 1042 mm2
A f + A t = 1,042 + 1,158 = 2200 mm2 2 A vf / 3 + A t = 2 x 1,240 / 3 + 1,158 = 1985 mm2
( 0.04 f ' c / f sy ) b d ' = = ( 0.04 x 36 / 500 ) x 670 x 701 = 1352 mm2 Consider primary tensile reinforcement, As = 2200 mm2
0.5 A f = 0.5 x 1,042 = 521 mm2 A vf / 3 = 1,240 / 3 = 413 mm2 Consider horizontal stirrups area = 521 mm2
Design value of shear force, VEd = 738.1 kN K = 1.534 r1 = 0.0047 nmin = 0.468 N/mm2 scp = 0 N/mm2
VRd.c = 219.6 kN Hence shear reinforcement is required.
q= 21.8 degrees Cotq = 2.50 a = 90 degrees Sin a = 1.000
2
2
Provision of reinforcement area in corbel:
Design primary tensile reinforcement area = 2200 mm2 Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 5
Proposed primary tensile reinforcement area = 2454 mm2 Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 0 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 0
Design horizontal stirrup reinforcement area = 521 mm2 Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 5
Proposed horizontal stirrup reinforcement area = 565 mm2 This reinforcement shall be provided within 467 mm from top surface of corbel.
2
Design vertical stirrup reinforcement area = 1.212 mm /mm Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 3
2
Proposed vertical stirrup reinforcement area = 1.696 mm /mm Proposed spacing of stirrup reinforcement = 200 mm
DESIGN OF STOPPER BLOCK FOR LONGITUDINAL SEISMIC FORCE:
In the proposed seismic force transferring arrangement, stopper blocks will be provided at centre of pier cap between the end faces of outer longitudinal girders of adjacent superstructure spans.
Longitudinal seismic force from superstructure will be transferred to the stopper block through the outer longitudinal girders of superstructure.
Summary of unfactored forces on each stopper block / pedestal:
Un-factored loads Depth of stopper block = 560 mm
Loading condition Horizontal force Vertical force Width of stopper block = 800 mm
(kN) (kN) Cantilever projection of stopper block from top of pier cap level = 700 mm
Longitudinal seismic force 440.8 293.8 Web thickness of longitudinal girder of superstructure at bearing location = 660 mm
A elastomer pad will be provided at the vertical faces of the stopper block near top for smooth transmission of longitudinal seismic force from superstructure to the stopper block.
Permissible compressive stress of elastomer pad = 10 N/mm2 Permissible direct compressive stress of concrete = 11.250 N/mm2
2
Design compressive stress for calculating bearing area for longitudinal seismic force = 10.000 N/mm

Required bearing area of stopper block for longitudinal seismic force = 44076 mm2
Width of contact area = 660 mm Minimum required depth of contact area = 67 mm Consider the depth of contact area of pedestal cum stopper block = 200 mm
So the top 200 mm depth of the stopper block will be the load transfer length of stopper block.
Summary of loads for design of stopper block for structural strength verification: Vu Stopper block
560 mm
Un-factored load Partial safety Factored load for structural
Load description
(kN) factor strength verification (kN)
Hu
Horizontal force 440.8 1.50 661.1 200
Vertical force 293.8 1.50 440.8
Design parameters for cantilever:
Lever arm / shear span of horizontal seismic force from top of pier cap, a = 600 mm 600 700
Overall depth of cantilever at front, s = 560 mm 500
Overall depth of cantilever at support, h = 560 mm
Width of cantilever, b = 800 mm Top of pier cap
Effective cover to reinforcement = 100 mm
Check Condition: Pier cap
Effective depth, d' = 560 - 100 = 460 mm
Shear span is more than the effective depth. 460
So, the stopper block shall be designed as a normal cantilever, and not as a corbel (short bracket). ELEVATION OF CORBEL (SHORT BRACKET)
Factored bending moment, M = = 520 kNm Factored shear force, V = 661 kN
Design for moment:
2 2
Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Proposed number of tension reinforcement = 7
Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 0 mm Proposed number of tension reinforcement = 0
2 2
2 2

2
2
2
2
DESIGN OF PROJECTED END CROSS-GIRDER FOR TRANSVERSE SEISMIC FORCE:
The projected part of the end-cross girder shall be designed for same forces for which the transverse seismic stopper block has been designed.
Summary of loads for design of projected cross-girder for structural strength verification:
Factored load for structural strength Length of projected cross-girder / overall depth of cantilever = = 1100 mm
Load description
verification (kN) Width of projected cross-girder / width of cantilever = 350 mm
Horizontal force 738.1 Depth of projected cross-girder / cantilever projection of cantilever from bottom of cross girder = 280 mm
Vertical force 492.1
The bottom 200 mm depth of the projected cross-girder will be the load transfer length of cantilever. End cross-girder
996
Design parameters for cantilever:
Lever arm / shear span of horizontal seismic force from bottom of cross-girder, a = 180 mm
Overall depth of cantilever at front, s = 1100 mm
Overall depth of cantilever at support, h = 1100 mm Bottom of cross-girder
Width of cantilever, b = 350 mm
Effective cover to reinforcement = 104 mm
Check Condition: 80
180
Effective depth, d' = 1,100 - 104 = 996 mm 280
Shear span is less than the effective depth. So, the projected cross girder shall be designed as a corbel (short bracket). 200
Step 1: s / d' = 1,100 / 996 = 1.104
Step 2: Check shear stress: 1100
Vu = 738.1 kN f 'c = 0.8 fck = 0.8 x 45 = 36 N/mm2 Hu Projected cross-girder
Lever arm, d = 0.8 d' = 0.8 x 996 = 797 mm Vu / ( b d ) = 738.1 x 1000 / ( 350 x 797 ) = 2.65 N/mm2 ELEVATION OF CORBEL (SHORT BRACKET)
0.15 f 'c = 0.15 x 36.0 = 5.40 N/mm2
Shear-friction reinforcement, A vf = Vu / ( 0.85 fsy m ) = 738.1 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 x 1.40 ) = 1240 mm2
Hu = 492.1 kN 0.2 Vu = 0.2 x 738.1 = 147.6 kN Hence consider Hu = 492.1 kN
Direct tension reinforcement, A t = Hu /( 0.85 fsy ) = 492.1 x 1000 / ( 0.85 x 500 ) = 1158 mm2
Flexural-tension reinforcement, A f = [ Vu a + Hu ( h - d' ) ] / ( 0.85 f sy d ) = [ 738.1 x 1000 x 180 + 492.1 x 1000 x ( 1,100 - 996 ) ] / ( 0.85 x 500 x 797 ) = 543 mm2
A f + A t = 543 + 1,158 = 1701 mm2 2 A vf / 3 + A t = 2 x 1,240 / 3 + 1,158 = 1985 mm2
( 0.04 f ' c / f sy ) b d ' = = ( 0.04 x 36 / 500 ) x 350 x 996 = 1004 mm2 Consider primary tensile reinforcement, As = 1985 mm2


0.5 A f = 0.5 x 543 = 272 mm2 A vf / 3 = 1,240 / 3 = 413 mm2 Consider horizontal stirrups area = 413 mm2
Design value of shear force, VEd = 738.1 kN K = 1.448 r1 = 0.0057 nmin = 0.471 N/mm2 scp = 0 N/mm2
VRd.c = 164.1 kN Hence shear reinforcement is required.
q= 21.8 degrees Cotq = 2.50 a = 90 degrees Sin a = 1.000
2
2
Provision of reinforcement area in corbel:
Design primary tensile reinforcement area = 1985 mm2 Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 25 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 5
Proposed primary tensile reinforcement area = 2454 mm2 Proposed diameter of tension reinforcement = 0 mm Number of tension reinforcement = 0
Design horizontal stirrup reinforcement area = 413 mm2 Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 6
Proposed horizontal stirrup reinforcement area 679 mm2 This reinforcement shall be provided within 664 mm from top surface of corbel.
2
Design vertical stirrup reinforcement area = 0.852 mm /mm Proposed diameter of stirrup reinforcement = 12 mm Number of legs of stirrup reinforcement = 4
2
Proposed vertical stirrup reinforcement area 2.262 mm /mm Proposed spacing of stirrup reinforcement = 200 mm

Design of 19.330m Pier Cap

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Design of 19.330m Pier Cap

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DESIGN OF PIER CAP WITH 19.330 m OVERALL LENGTH OF SUPERSTRUCTURE IN STRAIGHT

Coefficient for concrete strength, a = Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ecm = 2

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 2

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 3

Proposed diameter of bottom reinforcement = 20 mm Proposed number of bottom reinforcement = 12

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 4

Design for moment:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 5

Design for serviceability limit state verification:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 6

Design for shear force and torsion:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 7

(ii) Design of pier cap at face of pedestal:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 8

Centre line of Centre line of load 200

Pier 600 Corbel

Design parameters for corbel:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 9

Design loads on cantilever for structural strength verification:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 10

(i) Primary tensile reinforcement area:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 11

DESIGN OF STOPPER BLOCK FOR TRANSVERSE SEISMIC FORCE:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 12

Step 5: Calculate flexural-tension reinforcement:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 13

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 14

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 15

Step 7: Calculate horizontal stirrup reinforcement:

Pier cap_19.330 m straight span_R1.xlsx / Pier cap Sheet No.: 16

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