Calculation of Forces on POT / PTFE Bearings

SPAN 24.60x12.00- RCC GIRDER SUPERSTRUCTURE

1) NORMAL CASE
Summary of Reactions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LOAD BEARING NO
KN KN KN KN KN KN KN KN
DESCRIPTION
NODE NO 43 63 106 126 43 63 106 126
GIRDER 257.00 257.00 257.00 257.00 257.00 257.00 257.00 257.00
DL
DS+DIA 240.00 250.00 250.00 240.00 240.00 250.00 250.00 240.00
SIDL 390.00 -24.00 -24.00 390.00 390.00 -24.00 -24.00 390.00
FPLL 103.00 -29.00 -29.00 103.00 103.00 -29.00 -29.00 103.00
TOTAL DEAD LOAD 990.00 454.00 454.00 990.00 990.00 454.00 454.00 990.00
LL1 86.00 339.00 289.00 29.00 39.00 96.00 87.00 18.00
LL2 60.00 102.00 80.00 -11.00 105.00 520.00 146.00 -22.00
TYPE OF BEARING FR LG LG FR TG FX FX TG

FR LG LG FR TG FX TG TG

PMAX = 1510.00 KN (Max DL+Max LL) 990.00 520.00

PMIN = 990.00 KN

HORIZONTAL LOAD

a) LONGITUDINAL FORCE

Fh = Applied horizontal force

Rg = Reaction at free end due to dead load
Rq = Reaction at free end due to live load
μ = 0.03 (or) 0.05 (whichever is governing)

Applied horizontal force (Fh)

70R WHEEL = 100 T

70R TRACK = 70 T
CLASS A = 55.4 T

Number of lanes 3
Braking Force, Fb
Load Case Loads Units
Class A 543 kN
70R Wheeled 981 kN
70R Tracked 687 kN
Lane 1 20.0% Lane 2 0.00% Lane 3 5.00%
Class A 1 Lane = 543.474*0.2 = 109 kN
Class A 2 Lane = 543.474*0.2+543.474*0 = 109 kN
Class A 3 Lane = 543.474*0.2+543.474*0+543.474*0.05 = 136 kN
Class A 4 Lane = 543.474*0.2+543.474*0+543.474*+543.474*0.05 = 0 kN
Class A most ecc + 70R = 981*0.2+543.474*0.05 = 196 kN
2L Class A + 70R = 981*0.2+543.474*0.05+543.474* = 0 kN
70R most ecc = 981*0.2 = 196 kN
2 l 70R = 981*0.2+981*0.05 = 0 kN
70R Tracked = 686.7*0.2 = 137 kN
Braking force acts at a distance of 1.2m above road surface

Maximum of
1L 70R WHEEL = 100 x 0.2 = 20 T
1L 70R TRACK = 70 x 0.2 = 14 T
1L CLASSA = 55.4 x 0.2 = 11.08 T
1L 70R WHEEL +
100 x0.2 + 22.77 T
1L CLASSA
= 55.4 x 0.05 =
1L 70R TRACK + 1L
70 x 0.2 + 16.77 T
CLASSA
= 55.4x 0.05 =

3L CLASS A 55.4 x0.2 + 13.85 T

= 55.4x0.05 =
 Applied
horizontal force = 20 T
(Fh)

Reaction at free
end due to dead = 294 T
load (Rg)

Reaction at free
end due to live = 76 T
load (Rq)

Fixed Bearing Free Bearing

Fh - μ(Rg+Rq) 9 μ(Rg+Rq) 19
Fh /2 + μ(Rg+Rq) 29 μ(Rg+Rq) 19

With Live load

Free Bearing = 19 T
Fix Bearing = 29 T

Without Live load

Free Bearing = 15 T
Fix Bearing = 15 T

b) TRANSVERSE FORCE

Centrifugal Force, Fcf

The Span is Straight hence no centrifugal force will act.

Centrifugal Force, C = WV2/(127R)
Total Live Load, W = 100.20 T
Design speed of
= 0 kmph
vehicle, V
Radius of
= 0m
curvature, R

Ecc. from point of

action of = 3.44 m
centrifugal force
to bearing level

Transverse Horz.
= 0.000 T
force on bearing
(with LL in t)

With Live load

Free Bearing = 19 T
Fix Bearing = 29 T

Without Live load

Free Bearing = 15 T
Fix Bearing = 15 T

Summary of Horizontal Forces at Bearing Level

Number of fixed
= 1
bearings

Number of
transverse guided = 3
bearings
Number of
longitudinal = 2
guided bearings

Number of free
= 2
bearings
 VERTICAL (Ton) HORIZONTAL (Ton)
TYPE OF
BEARING NO
BEARING PMIN LONGITUDINAL TRANSEVERSE
PMAX
MAX MIN MAX MIN
1 FX 153.92 100.92 7.13 3.68 9.50 4.91
2 TG 153.92 100.92 7.13 3.68 9.50 4.91
3 LG 153.92 100.92 7.13 3.68 9.50 4.91
4 FR 153.92 100.92 2.31 1.84 2.31 1.84
2) SEISMIC FORCE

Zone = 2
Feq = Ah x (Dead Load + Appropriate Live Load)
Feq = Seismic force to be resisted
Ah = Horizontal seismic coeff = (Z/2)x(I/R)x(Sa/g)
Z = 0.10
I = 1.20
R = 2.50
(Sa/g) = 2.50

Ah,L = Horizontal longitudinal seismic coeff = 0.06

Ah,T = Horizontal Transverse seismic coeff = 0.06

Total longitudinal force

= Ah,L x (DL + SIDL) = 35.33 T
due to seismic
Total transverse force due
= Ah,T x (DL + SIDL + 20%LL) = 36.53 T
to seismic
Total transverse force due
= Ah,T x (DL + SIDL + 0%LL) = 35.33 T
to seismic
Total vertical force due to
= 2/3*(Horz seismic force) = 23.55 T
seismic

Summary of Horizontal Forces at Bearing Level

Number of fixed bearings = 1

Number of transverse
= 3
guided bearings

Number of longitudinal
= 2
guided bearings

Number of free bearings = 2

LONGITUDINAL SEISMIC FORCES

VERTICAL (T) HORIZONTAL (T)
TYPE OF
PMAX PMIN LONGITUDINAL TRANSEVERSE
BEARING NO BEARING
1 FX 114.46 97.97 8.83 3.53
2 TG 114.46 97.97 8.83 3.53
3 LG 114.46 97.97 8.83 3.53
4 FR 114.46 97.97 4.42 4.42

TRANSVERSE SEISMIC FORCES

VERTICAL (T) HORIZONTAL (T)
TYPE OF
PMAX PMIN LONGITUDINAL TRANSEVERSE
BEARING NO BEARING
1 FX 114.46 97.97 2.65 12.18
2 TG 114.46 97.97 2.65 12.18
3 LG 114.46 97.97 2.65 12.18
4 FR 114.46 97.97 1.32 4.57
MOVEMENTS AND ROTATIONS
Longitudinal
Temperature variation T = ± 35.0 ˚C
Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.000012 / ͦ
Span Length L = 25 m
Movement Due to temperature variation, δ1 = LαT = 10.5 mm
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002 / m
Movement Due to shrinkage, = 5 mm
Creep strain = 0.0003 / m
Movement Due to creep, = 7.5 mm
Hence total movement of span = 23 mm
Total Expansion = 15 mm
Total Contraction = 25 mm

Transverse
Temperature variation T = ± 35.0 ˚C
Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.000012 / ͦ
Spacing between bearings L = 3m
Movement Due to temperature variation, δ1 = LαT = 1.26 mm
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002 / m
Movement Due to shrinkage, = 0 mm
Creep strain = 0.0003 / m
Movement Due to creep, = 0.9 mm
Hence total movement of span = 2.16 mm
Total Expansion = 5 mm
Total Contraction = 5 mm

Rotation
Maximum Dead load moment = 4786 kNm
Maximum Live load moment = 2270 kNm
Modulus of Elasticity = 33000 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia ( I )(at support) = 1.6E+11 mm4
α DL = ML/3(E/2)I = 0.00382 rad
α LL = ML/3EI = 0.00181 rad
Total rotation = 0.0057 rad

Summary of displacement and rotation

Movement (mm) Total
Bearing Bearing Rotation
Node Quantity
Type No. (Rad) Longitudinal Transverse (Nos.)

+0.00 +0.00

1 FR PT-1 0.0057 1.0

-0.00 -0.00

+0.00 +5.00

2 LG PT-2 0.0057 3.0

-0.00 -5.00

+15.00 +0.00

3 LG PT-3 0.0057 2.0

-25.00 -0.00

+15.00 +5.00

4 FR PT-4 0.0057 2.0

-25.00 -5.00
Summary of Forces, Displacements and Rotation on POT / PTFE Bearings
SPAN 24.60x12.00 RCC GIRDER SUPERSTRUCTURE
Forces in tonnes Movement (mm)
Total
Bearing Bearing Seismic Rotation
S.No. Legend Forces Normal Seismic (Transverse) Quantity
Type No. (Longitudinal) (Rad) Longitudinal Transverse
(Nos.)
Max Min Max Min Max Min

Vertical Force 154 101 114 98 114 98

Horizontal Force
1 FX PT-1 7 4 9 9 3 3 0.0057 +0.00 -0.00 +0.00 -0.00 1.0
(Longitudinal)

Horizontal Force
10 5 4 4 12 12
(Transverse)

Vertical Force 154 101 114 98 114 98

Horizontal Force
2 TG PT-2 7 4 9 9 3 3 0.0057 +0.00 -0.00 +5.00 -5.00 3.0
(Longitudinal)

Horizontal Force
10 5 4 4 12 12
(Transverse)

Vertical Force 154 101 114 98 114 98

Horizontal Force
3 LG PT-3 7 4 9 9 3 3 0.0057 +15.00 -25.00 +0.00 -0.00 2.0
(Longitudinal)

Horizontal Force
10 5 4 4 12 12
(Transverse)

Vertical Force 154 101 114 98 114 98

Horizontal Force
4 FR PT-4 2 2 4 4 1 1 0.0057 +15.00 -25.00 +5.00 -5.00 2.0
(Longitudinal)

Horizontal Force
2 2 4 4 5 5
(Transverse)