Structural Design Report

for Mall of Saudi - P1

 Table of Contents
1. Design Conditions

1) General Characteristics
(1) Project Name
(2) Design Code
(3) Unit
(4) Partial Safety Factors for Materials
(5) Scope of Report
2) Materials
(1) Concrete
(2) Steel
3) Geometrical Shape
4) Loads and Load Combinations
(1) Loads
(2) Load Combinations
5) Reference
(1) Designer
(2) Date
(3) Note

2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

1) Construction of Strut-Tie Model

(1) Constructed Strut-Tie Model
2) Analysis of Strut-Tie Model
(1) Loading Conditions
(2) Strut and Tie Types
(3) Strut and Tie Forces
3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars
(1) Required Area of Rebars
(2) Available Widths of Struts and Nodal Zones
(3) Strength of Struts
(4) Strength of Nodal Zones

3. Summary

1) Dimensioned Shape
2) Required and Used Areas of Rebars
3) Placement of Rebars
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1. Design Conditions

1. Design Conditions

1) General Characteristics

(1) Project Name : Mall of Saudi - P1

(2) Design Code : EuroCode 2
(3) Unit : KN.m
(4) Partial Safety Factors for Materials
Concrete : 1.50
Reinforcing and prestressing steel: 1.15
(5) Scope of Report
The purpose of this report is to design structural concrete member using strut-tie
model. The design is performed according to the EuroCode 2 strut-tie model
provisions.

This report provides results of calculation for:

- check capacity of bearing plates
- design tie reinforcement
- check capacity of struts
- check capacity of nodal zones

2) Materials

(1) Concrete
- Mass : 2,350 kg/m³
- Weight : 25.0 kN/m³
- Poisson's ratio : 0.20
- Compressive Strength of Concrete, fck : 45.0 MPa
- Tensile Strength of Concrete, fct : 4.5 MPa
- Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec : 27,849 MPa
(2) Steel1
- Mass : 7,850 kg/m³
- Weight : 78.5 kN/m³
- Poisson's ratio : 0.15
- Yield strength of steel, fy : 400.0 MPa
- Elastic modulus of steel, Es : 200,000 MPa

2) Materials P1.stm
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1. Design Conditions

3) Geometrical Shape

- Thickness : 1.50 m

3) Geometrical Shape P1.stm

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1. Design Conditions

4) Loads and Load Combinations

(1) Loads

- Strength-1Max ()

(2) Load Combinations

1) LC01 : 1.00Strength-1Max

5) Reference

(1) Designer : Sets

(2) Date : 28/12/2020
(3) Note :

5) Reference P1.stm
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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

1) Construction of Strut-Tie Model

(1) Constructed Strut-Tie Model

(A) Nodal Coordinates

X Z X Z
Node Node
coordi coordi coordi coordi
No. No.
. . . .
1 -2.200 -0.100 2 2.200 -0.100
3 -0.850 -3.250 4 0.850 -3.250
5 -0.850 -5.900 6 0.850 -5.900

(B) Element Connectivity

Element Start End Element Start End

No. Node Node No. Node Node
1 1 2 2 1 3
3 1 4 4 2 3
5 2 4 6 3 4
7 3 5 8 3 6
9 4 5 10 4 6

(C) Restraints

1) Construction of Strut-Tie Model P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

Node Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
5 - O O O - O
6 O O O O - O

2) Analysis of Strut-Tie Model

(1) Loading Conditions

(1) (Strength-1Max)

2) Analysis of Strut-Tie Model P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

(2) Strut and Tie Types

- Strut1 : Strut without Transverse Tension

- Tie1 : Tie for top rebars

2) Analysis of Strut-Tie Model P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

(3) Strut and Tie Forces

Elem. Force Elem. Force Elem. Force Elem. Force

No. (kN) No. (kN) No. (kN) No. (kN)
1 6530.1 2 -6355.1 3 -5788.7 4 -261.9
5 -16114.8 6 -2321.2 7 -6029.4 8 -0.0
9 0.0 10 -18970.6

2) Analysis of Strut-Tie Model P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars

(1) Required Area of Rebars

1) Main Rebars

(A) Horizontal Rebars

As.req = (Fu/cos theta) / (fy/gamma_s) < As.used

where,
Fu = member force of steel tie
gamma_s = partial safety factor for steel tie : 1.15
fy = yield strength of steel : 400.0 MPa
theta = angle of steel tie measured from positive horizontal axis
(+: counterclockwise)

Tie Fu theta As.req As.used

Types Rebars Note
No. (kN) (deg.) (mm²) (mm²)
6530.1 15-D32,
1 Top 0.0 18774 23826 O.K
1 15-D32

(2) Available Widths of Struts and Nodal Zones

The available widths of a strut at both ends and nodal zone faces are determined by
taking the minimum ones from the values calculated below for three cases.

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

The available widths of struts and ties determined by the methods introduced above
are shown below

Elem. i- j- Available Elem. i- j- Available

No. width width Width No. width width Width
2 722.1 955.4 722.1 3 642.0 1221.3 642.0
4 642.0 1221.3 642.0 5 722.1 955.4 722.1
6 1755.7 1755.7 1755.7 7 800.0 800.0 800.0
10 800.0 800.0 800.0

(3) Strength of Struts

Strut Wprov
Type theta Fu (kN) b (mm) Wreq (mm) Note
No. (mm)
2 1 66.8 6355.1 1500.0 141.2 722.2 O.K
3 1 45.9 5788.7 1500.0 128.6 642.0 O.K

3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

4 1 45.9 261.9 1500.0 5.8 642.0 O.K

5 1 66.8 16114.8 1500.0 358.1 722.2 O.K
6 1 0.0 2321.2 1500.0 51.6 1755.7 O.K
7 1 90.0 6029.4 1500.0 134.0 800.0 O.K
10 1 90.0 18970.6 1500.0 421.6 800.0 O.K

(4) Strength of Nodal Zones

The verification of the nodal zone strength should be done through comparing the
available nodal zone area with that required. In this report, if the thickness of
the structural concrete is consistent, the verification will be done by comparing the
available nodal zone width, Wprov, with that required, Wreq

Wreq = Fu / ( k·(1-fck/250)·(alpha_cc·fck/gamma_c)·b) < Wprov (See Eurocode 2

Section 6.5.4(4))
k = 1.00 (compression nodes where no ties are anchored at the node)
0.85 (compression-tension nodes with anchored ties provided in one
direction)
0.75 (compression-tension nodes with anchored ties provided in more than
one direction)

Under the conditions listed below, the design compressive stress values given in
6.5.4(4) may be increased by up to 10 percent where at least one of the following
applies:
- triaxial compression is assured
- all angles between struts and ties are > 55
- the stresses applied at supports or at point loads are uniform, and the node is
confined by stirrups
- the reinforcement is arranged in multiple layers
- the node is reliably confined by means of bearing arrangement or friction

3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

1) Concentrated Node

(A) Node 1 (CCT)

[Element Forces at Node]

[Shape of Nodal Zone]

Lv = 700.0 mm
Lh = 200.0 mm
Pv = 10000.00 kN
F1´ = sqrt{[F2×cos(theta 2)+F3×cos(theta 3)]²+
[F2×sin(theta 2)+F3×sin(theta 3)]²}
= sqrt{[6355.11×cos(66.8)+5788.73×cos(45.9)]²+
[6355.11×sin(66.8)+5788.73×sin(45.9)]²}
= 11943.30 kN
theta 1´ = atan([F2×sin(theta 2)+F3×sin(theta 3)]/
[F2×cos(theta 2)+F3×cos(theta 3)])
= atan([6355.11×sin(66.8)+5788.73×sin(45.9)]/
[6355.11×cos(66.8)+5788.73×cos(45.9)])
= 56.9 deg.
F2´ = F1
= 6530.11 kN
theta 2´ = theta 1
= 0.0 deg.
W1,prov = Lv×sin(theta 1´)+Lh×cos(theta 1´)
= 700.00×sin(56.9)+200.00×cos(56.9)
= 695.5 mm
W2,prov = Lv×sin(theta 2´)+Lh×cos(theta 2´)
= 700.00×sin(0.0)+200.00×cos(0.0)
= 200.0 mm
W1,req = F1´/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]
= (11943.30×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 380.8 mm = W1,prov = 695.5 mm (OK)
W2,req = F2´/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]

3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars P1.stm

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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

= (6530.11×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 208.2 mm > W2,prov = 200.0 mm (NG)
Lv,req = Pv/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]
= (10000.00×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 318.8 mm = Lv,req = 700.0 mm (OK)

(B) Node 2 (CCT)

[Element Forces at Node]

[Shape of Nodal Zone]

Lv = 700.0 mm
Lh = 200.0 mm
Pv = 15000.00 kN
F1´ = sqrt{[F4×cos(theta 4)+F5×cos(theta 5)]²+
[F4×sin(theta 4)+F5×sin(theta 5)]²}
= sqrt{[261.88×cos(45.9)+16114.82×cos(66.8)]²+
[261.88×sin(45.9)+16114.82×sin(66.8)]²}
= 16359.78 kN
theta 1´ = atan([F4×sin(theta 4)+F5×sin(theta 5)]/
[F4×cos(theta 4)+F5×cos(theta 5)])
= atan([261.88×sin(45.9)+16114.82×sin(66.8)]/
[261.88×cos(45.9)+16114.82×cos(66.8)])
= 66.5 deg.
F2´ = F1
= 6530.11 kN
theta 2´ = theta 1
= 0.0 deg.
W1,prov = Lv×sin(theta 1´)+Lh×cos(theta 1´)
= 700.00×sin(66.5)+200.00×cos(66.5)
= 721.6 mm
W2,prov = Lv×sin(theta 2´)+Lh×cos(theta 2´)
= 700.00×sin(0.0)+200.00×cos(0.0)
= 200.0 mm
W1,req = F1´/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]
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2. Strut-Tie Model Design (Load Combination-1)

= (16359.78×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 521.6 mm = W1,prov = 721.6 mm (OK)
W2,req = F2´/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]
= (6530.11×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 208.2 mm > W2,prov = 200.0 mm (NG)
Lv,req = Pv/[0.85×(1-fck/250)×(alpha×fck/gamma)×b]
= (15000.00×1000)/[0.85×(1-45.0/250)×(1.00×45.0/1.50)×1500.00]
= 478.2 mm = Lv,req = 700.0 mm (OK)

2) Smeared Node

Elemen Fu Wprov
Node No. k Type Wreq (mm) Note
t (kN) (mm)
C-2 6355.1 172.2 955.4 O.K
C-4 261.9 7.1 1221.3 O.K
3 1.00 CCC
C-6 2321.2 62.9 1755.7 O.K
C-7 6029.4 163.4 800.0 O.K
C-3 5788.7 156.9 1221.3 O.K
16114.
C-5 436.7 955.4 O.K
8
4 1.00 CCC
C-6 2321.2 62.9 1755.7 O.K
18970.
C-10 514.1 800.0 O.K
6
5 1.00 CCC C-7 6029.4 163.4 800.0 O.K
18970.
6 1.00 CCC C-10 514.1 800.0 O.K
6

C: compression; T: tension; V: vertical force; H: horizontal force

3) Strength Verification and Required Rebars P1.stm

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