OH!

MY JEEP: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF JEEPNEY

MODERNIZATION

A Research Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School Department
San Manuel High School
San Manuel, Tarlac City

I n P a r ti a l F u l fi l l m e n t
of the Requirements for the Subject
P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1

Presented by:
C h r i s ti n e P . S a n ti a g o
Zaile J. Tumang
Allyssa Diann F. Gomez
Rafael Luiz M. Rivera
Aerol N. Oliverio
Jhon Billy B. Castro
Erico D. Rigor
Alexander B. Versoza
Rjay Deang
Zhyrus Lapuz

GROUP 1
(11 – HUMSS SAPPHIRE )

July, 2023
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region III – Central Luzon
Tarlac City Schools Division
SAN MANUEL HIGH SCHOOL
San Manuel, Tarlac City
APPROVAL SHEET

This research conducted by CHRISTINE P. SANTIAGO, ZAILE J.

TUMANG, ALLYSSA DIANN F. GOMEZ, RAFAEL LUIZ M. RIVERA, AEROL N.
OLIVERIO, JHON BILLY B. CASTRO, ERICO D. RIGOR, RJAY DEANG, ZHYRUS
L A P U Z , A L E X A N D E R B . V E R S O Z A ti t l e d " O H ! M Y J E E P : A N A N A L Y S I S O F T H E
PERCEPTIONS OF JEEPNEY MODERNIZATION” which was prepared and
s u b m i tt e d in p a r ti a l f u l fi l l m e n t of the requirements for the subject
P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h I , i s h e r e b y a c c e p t e d .

MAGDALENA B. DASCO
P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1 T e a c h e r

A p p r o v e d b y t h e O r a l E x a m i n a ti o n C o m m i tt e e

HARVEY A. TABAMO
Chairman

ANALYN E. TACUSALME CHARMAINE C. LLANZA

Member Member

DIANA S. PINGOL
Member

A c c e p t e d i n p a r ti a l f u l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f P r a c ti c a l
Research 1.

FRISHIAN S. BUNAO, LPT, MBA RIZALINO A. MANGLICMOT

Senior High School Focal Person Principal II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research gives with the kind and g r a ti t u d e . With the generous
assistance and support of various people, this research became a reality.
W e w o u l d w a n t t o e x p r e s s o u r g r a ti t u d e t o e a c h a n d e v e r y o n e o f t h e m

First and foremost, we would want to thank God Almighty for providing us
with the knowledge, strength, and peace of mind necessary to complete this
research

W e w o u l d l i k e t o e x p r e s s o u r d e e p a n d s i n c e r e g r a ti t u d e , s p e c i fi c a l l y t o o u r
P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1 T e a c h e r , M a g d a l e n a B . D a s c o w h o n e v e r g e t s ti r e d o f
t e a c h i n g a n d g u i d i n g u s f o r t h i s k i n d o f r e s e a r c h . W e o ff e r t h i s s t u d y t o o u r
Parents, Teachers and our Almighty God for the guide, help and protect us
t o fi n i s h t h i s s t u d y . W e a r e e x t r e m e l y g r a t e f u l t o o u r p a r e n t s f o r t h e i r l o v e ,
p r a y e r s , c a r i n g , a n d s a c r i fi c e s f o r
e d u c a ti n g a n d p r e p a r i n g u s f o r o u r f u t u r e .

D i s ti n g u i s h e d m e m b e r s o f t h e p a n e l h e a d e d b y S i r , H a r v e y A . T a b a m o
together with, Ma'am Analyn E. Tacusalme, Maam, Charmaine C. Llanza and
Ma'am Diana S. Pingol for the approval of our work and exemplary
r e c o g n a ti o n .

The Senior High School Department for the considerate endorsement and all
t h e r e s p o n d e n t s f o r t h e i r h o n e s t a n d c o o p e r a ti v e r e s p o n s e t o a l l t h e
q u e s ti o n s s o l i c i t e d i n t h i s s t u d y . I n d e e d , w e a r e g r a t e f u l t o a l l t h e p e o p l e
w h o c o n t r i b u t e d t h e i r e ff o r t s f o r t h i s s u c c e s s . T h e p r o d u c t o f t h i s r e s e a r c h
paper would not be possible without them.
 DEDICATION

T h i s r e s e a r c h i s e n ti r e l y d e d i c a t e d t o o u r b e l o v e d p a r e n t s . w h o s e r v e d a s
o u r s o u r c e o f i n s p i r a ti o n a n d p r o v i d e d u s w i t h c o u r a g e w h e n w e t h o u g h t o f
g i v i n g u p , w h o c o n s i s t e n t l y o ff e r t h e i r fi n a n c i a l , e m o ti o n a l , s p i r i t u a l , a n d
moral support.

To our siblings, cousins, teachers, panelists, friends, and classmates who

o ff e r e d w o r d s o f w i s d o m a n d m o ti v a ti o n t o c o m p l e t e t h e c o u r s e o f s t u d y .

And lastly, we thank the Almighty God for giving us a healthy existence and
f o r p r o v i d i n g u s w i t h g u i d a n c e , s t r e n g t h , m e n t a l p o w e r , p r o t e c ti o n , a n d
a b i l i ti e s i n t h i s b o o k , w h i c h w e d e d i c a t e d t o h i m . W e p r o v i d e a l l o f t h e s e t o
you.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I n t r o d u c ti o n … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….1
S c o p e a n d D e l i m i t a ti o n o f t h e S t u d y … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2
S i g n i fi c a n c e o f t h e S t u d y … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 2
D e fi n i ti o n o f T e r m s … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
I n t r o d u c ti o n … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Related Literature………………………………………………………….4
Foreign………………………………………………...................4
Local……………………………………………………………...5
Related Studies…………………………………………………………...6
Foreign………………………………………………...................6
Local……………………………………………………………...7
Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies………………………………8

3 METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

I n t r o d u c ti o n … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Research Design………………………………………………………….8
Respondents of the Study………………………………………………...9
Data-Gathering Instruments…………………………………...................9
Data-Gathering Procedure………………………………………………...9

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

I n t r o d u c ti o n … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 0
Summary of Research…………...……………………………………….10
 Discussion and I n t e r p r e t a ti o n s of Findings
……………………………...11
Research Analysis………...…………………………….………………...14

5 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

I n t r o d u c ti o n … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 5
Summary of Findings……………………………………………………16
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….17
R e c o m m e n d a ti o n s f o r F u r t h e r R e s e a r c h … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….......…… ……18

APPENDICES
A . V a l i d a ti o n o f R e s e a r c h I n s t r u m e n t
B. Interview Guide………………………………………………………. 21
C . L e tt e r o f C o n s e n t … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2 3
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………………… 25
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Modern society requires mobility in all aspects of life, a good
t r a n s p o r t a ti o n n e t w o r k w a s o n e o f t h e fi r s t p r i o r i ti e s o f m o d e r n i z e d c i ti e s .
G l o b a l l y , t h e t r a n s p o r t a ti o n i n d u s t r y h a s a d v a n c e d r a p i d l y . T r a n s p o r t a ti o n
h a s h e l p e d p e o p l e r e a c h t h e i r d e s ti n a ti o n s m o r e q u i c k l y . J e e p n e y s a r e t h e
most popular and inexpensive public mode of t r a n s p o r t a ti o n in the
Philippines. M o s t F i l i p i n o c i ti z e n s r e l y o n j e e p n e y s b e c a u s e , a s i d e f r o m
being cheap, it has also become their livelihood, especially for those
drivers who are working to support their families.
Currently, the government has decided to implement jeepney
m o d e r n i z a ti o n , w h i c h w i l l p h a s e o u t t h e o l d r e g u l a r j e e p n e y s a n d r e p l a c e
them with more modernized and eco-friendlier jeepney because of the black
smoke they produce. Jeepneys was originated from the American colonial
period share taxis known as auto calesas, commonly shortened to “AC”.
Furthermore, jeepneys are made from recycled parts of US military Jeeps
used during World War II, which the Filipinos transformed into a unique and
c o l o r f u l m o d e o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n . O v e r t h e y e a r s , j e e p n e y s h a v e d e v e l o p e d
i n t o a c u l t u r a l s y m b o l t h a t e x e m p l i fi e s t h e c r e a ti v i t y a n d i n g e n u i t y o f t h e
Filipino people. In recent years the clean air act under Republic Act No.
8 7 4 9 p r e s e n t e d a c o n c e r n o n t h e c o n t r i b u ti o n o f p u b l i c u ti l i t y j e e p s i n
p o l l u ti n g t h e a i r . S i n c e t h e n , t h e r e h a v e b e e n n u m e r o u s a tt e m p t s b y t h e
n a ti o n a l g o v e r n m e n t t o c o n v e r t t h e t r a d i ti o n a l j e e p t o a n e l e c t r i c o n e .
H o w e v e r , t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s n o t y e t i m p l e m e n t e d i t b e c a u s e m a n y c i ti z e n s
are opposed to this program.
T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s t u d y i s t o e x a m i n e t h e v a r i o u s p e r s p e c ti v e s o f
j e e p n e y d r i v e r s p a r ti c u l a r l y t o t h e i s s u e a b o u t j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n , b y
addressing their opinions we will be able to understand their own point of
v i e w s o n h o w j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n w i l l a ff e c t t h e m a n d w h a t a r e t h e
p o s s i b l e a l t e r n a ti v e s t r a t e g i e s t h e y w i l l d o w h e n t h i s p r o g r a m i s a l r e a d y
implemented. We aimed to know their opinions and gain knowledge from
t h e i r p e r s p e c ti v e s .

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

T h i s s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d t o e x p l o r e t h e p e r c e p ti o n o f j e e p n e y
d r i v e r s d u e t o t h e u p c o m i n g i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n .
Wherein they will phase out all the old regular jeepneys. This research aims
t o a n s w e r t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s ti o n s :

1 . W h a t a r e t h e p e r c e p ti o n s o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s w i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e
u p c o m i n g j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ?

2. What did the respondents feel when they heard the news about
j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ?
3. What are the possible adjustments you will do once the jeepney
m o d e r n i z a ti o n i s a l r e a d y i m p l e m e n t e d ?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

T h e s t u d y i s f o c u s e d o n t h e p e r c e p ti o n s o f j e e p n e y d r i v e r s r e g a r d i n g
t h e i m p l e m e n t a ti o n a n d i s s u e s o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h i s s t u d y i s o n l y
for Balingcanaway jeepney drivers, the number of the respondents used in
the study is 3 and may not be generalizable to others. The study is also
l i m i t e d t o j e e p n e y a n d o t h e r m o d e s o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n s u c h a s b u s a n d
tricycles are not included.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

T h i s s t u d y w i l l b e n e fi t t h e f o l l o w i n g :
GOVERNMENT. Through this research, the government will be able to know
the various p e r s p e c ti v e s of the public on the upcoming Jeepney
M o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h u s , b y l e a r n i n g a b o u t t h e s e v a r i o u s p e r s p e c ti v e s , t h e y c a n
use them as the basis for developing an e ffi c i e n t and e ff e c ti v e
t r a n s p o r t a ti o n p r o g r a m t h a t w i l l b e n e fi t t h e m a j o r i t y o f i t s c i ti z e n s .

JEEPNEY OPERATORS / OWNERS . This study could help operators to become

a w a r e o f h o w d r i v e r s p e r c e i v e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n , a l l o w i n g t h e m t o
make a plan and strategies on what they will do once the program is
implemented.

C I T I Z E N S . T h r o u g h t h i s s t u d y , t h e c i ti z e n s w i l l b e a b l e t o k n o w t h e p o i n t o f
v i e w s o f t h e j e e p n e y d r i v e r s a n d h o w t h e u p c o m i n g j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n
w i l l a ff e c t t h e d r i v e r s .

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This research would serve as a reference to support

t h e i r s t u d y a n d g i v e t h e m a n o v e r v i e w o f o t h e r s ' p e r c e p ti o n s .

DEFINITION OF TERMS
T o f a c i l i t a t e t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h i s s t u d y , d i ff e r e n t t e r m s a r e d e fi n e d
herein.
Eco-friendly – not harmful to the environment.
I n e x p e n s i v e – r e a s o n a b l e i n p r i c e ; n o t c o s ti n g a l o t o f m o n e y :

2
I n g e n u i t y – t h e q u a l i t y o f b e i n g c l e v e r , o r i g i n a l , a n d i n v e n ti v e .
Modernize – adapt (something) to modern needs or habits, typically by
i n s t a l l i n g m o d e r n e q u i p m e n t o r a d o p ti n g m o d e r n i d e a s o r m e t h o d s .
P u b l i c U ti l i t y – a n e n t e r p r i s e t h a t p r o v i d e s c e r t a i n c l a s s e s o f s e r v i c e s t o
t h e p u b l i c , i n c l u d i n g c o m m o n c a r r i e r t r a n s p o r t a ti o n (buses, jeepneys,
airlines, railroads, motor freight carriers, pipelines, etc.)
T r a n s p o r t a ti o n – r e f e r s t o t h e m o v e m e n t o f p e o p l e a n d g o o d s f r o m o n e
l o c a ti o n t o a n o t h e r .
 3
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION
I n t h i s c h a p t e r , w e e x p l o r e t h e t h e o r e ti c a l f r a m e w o r k t h a t u n d e r p i n s
t h e r e s e a r c h o n v e h i c l e m o d e r n i z a ti o n a n d i t s p o t e n ti a l b e n e fi t s . T h e
Review of Related Literature and related study encompasses both foreign
a n d l o c a l p e r s p e c ti v e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , w e s y n t h e s i z e t h e fi n d i n g s t o h i g h l i g h t
t h e k e y i n s i g h t s a n d i m p l i c a ti o n s f o r t h e c u r r e n t r e s e a r c h .

A. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 FOREIGN
As stressed by Sami Grover,2021, The United Kingdom's commitment
to funding the green m o d e r n i z a ti o n of buses presents an e x c i ti n g
opportunity to improve England's bus services and
p r i o r i ti z e s u s t a i n a b l e t r a n s p o r t a ti o n . T h e B u s B a c k B e tt e r s t r a t e g y ,
i n i ti a t e d b y t h e U K g o v e r n m e n t , a i m s t o i n v e s t i n 4 , 0 0 0 e l e c t r i c a n d / o r
h y d r o g e n b u s e s o u t s i d e o f L o n d o n . T h i s s t r a t e g y r e c o g n i z e s t h e p o t e n ti a l o f
e l e c t r i c b u s e s i n t r a n s f o r m i n g u r b a n t r a n s p o r t a ti o n a n d a d d r e s s e s t h e
drawbacks of relying on individual cars. The strategy goes beyond
introducing zero-emission buses and focuses on rethinking how bus services
o p e r a t e i n v a r i o u s c o m m u n i ti e s a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y . I t d r a w s l e s s o n s f r o m
London's successful investments in bus infrastructure and aims to adapt
t h e m t o t o w n s , c i ti e s , a n d r u r a l a r e a s o u t s i d e t h e c a p i t a l ( G r o v e r , 2 0 2 1 ) .
This approach acknowledges that buses are the easiest, cheapest, and
quickest way to improve transport, as compared to building new railway or
r o a d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ( G r o v e r , 2 0 2 1 ) . B y i n v e s ti n g i n b e tt e r b u s s e r v i c e s ,
s i g n i fi c a n t b e n e fi t s c a n b e a c h i e v e d w i t h i n a r e l a ti v e l y s h o r t ti m e f r a m e .
T h e B u s B a c k B e tt e r s t r a t e g y h i g h l i g h t s s e v e r a l a r e a s o f o p p o r t u n i t y f o r
improving bus services. B e tt e r c o o r d i n a ti o n among operators was
emphasized, including city-wide maps and improved c o m m u n i c a ti o n
between d i ff e r e n t bus companies (Grover, 2021). The strategy also
p r o p o s e s s i m p l e r a n d c h e a p e r ti c k e ti n g s y s t e m s t o e n h a n c e t h e u s e r
e x p e r i e n c e , w i t h t h e s u g g e s ti o n o f l o w , fl a t f a r e s f o r c i ti e s a n d m o r e
a ff o r d a b l e p o i n t - t o - p o i n t f a r e s i n r u r a l a r e a s ( G r o v e r , 2 0 2 1 ) . C o n s i s t e n c y i n
r o u t e s , b r a n d i n g , a n d ti m e t a b l e s i s a n o t h e r f o c u s , a i m i n g t o p r o v i d e m o r e
frequent and reliable services (Grover, 2021).

4
A d d i ti o n a l l y , t h e s t r a t e g y e m p h a s i z e s t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a c c e s s i b l e
a n d a tt r a c ti v e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , s u c h a s w e l l - d e s i g n e d b u s s t o p s a n d s t a ti o n s
t h a t i n t e g r a t e w i t h o t h e r m o d e s o f t r a n s p o r t a n d p r i o r i ti z e a c c e s s i b i l i t y f o r
p e o p l e w i t h d i s a b i l i ti e s ( G r o v e r , 2 0 2 1 ) .
 In the lead-up to the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics,
Brazil has been working hard to upgrade its urban infrastructure, with a
special focus on BRT. The country’s rapid economic growth, too, has
required massive investments in improving mobility for people living in
f a s t - g r o w i n g c i ti e s . T h e c o u n t r y a l r e a d y h a s 2 0 c i ti e s w i t h m o r e t h a n 1
million people. While the bus rapid transit is popular mode of transport in
B r a z i l , h o w e v e r t h e p u b l i c s ti l l h a s n o t r e a l i z e d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d
s o c i a l b e n e fi t s o f t h e s y s t e m . A c c o r d i n g t o L e l l i s T e i x e i r a “ W e m u s t s h o w
t h e p o p u l a ti o n t h a t t h e o n l y p o s s i b l e p a t h t o q u a l i t y o f l i f e w i l l i n v o l v e
m a s s t r a n s i t ” , “ B R T r e p r e s e n t s a c h a n g e o f p a r a d i g m . I t w i l l a tt r a c t c a r
u s e r s t o p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a ti o n a n d t h u s w e w i l l s a v e ti m e , l e s s e n t h e c o s t s
o f r o a d m a i n t e n a n c e , a n d r e d u c e p o l l u ti o n . ”
S i n c e t h e 1 8 t h N a ti o n a l C o n g r e s s o f t h e C P C ( C o m m u n i s t P a r t y o f
C h i n a ) i n 2 0 1 2 , P r e s i d e n t X i h a s k e p t a c l o s e e y e o n t r a n s p o r t a ti o n w o r k
a n d m a d e a s e r i e s o f s t a t e m e n t s o n t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n .
P r e s i d e n t X i s t a t e d t h a t t r a n s p o r t a ti o n i s t h e a r t e r y o f t h e e c o n o m y a n d
b o n d s b e t w e e n c i v i l i z a ti o n s . H e a l s o s a i d t h a t t r a n s p o r t a ti o n h a s b e c o m e a
p i o n e e r o f C h i n a ' s m o d e r n i z a ti o n d r i v e . T h e s e s t a t e m e n t s p o i n t t o t h e
i m p o r t a n c e o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n i n s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t a n d h a v e d e e p e n e d t h e
C P C ' s u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f i t s s i g n i fi c a n t r o l e . T r a n s p o r t a ti o n i s a f u n d a m e n t a l ,
l e a d i n g s t r a t e g i c i n d u s t r y a n d a v a l u a b l e s e r v i c e i n t h e n a ti o n a l e c o n o m y .
T o b e a p i o n e e r o f C h i n a ' s m o d e r n i z a ti o n d r i v e , w e m u s t s t a y c o n n e c t e d
w i t h t h e w o r l d a n d k e e p a b r e a s t o f t h e ti m e s . W e m u s t f o l l o w t h e g l o b a l
m o d e r n i z a ti o n t r e n d s , s t a y i n l i n e w i t h t h e c h a r a c t e r i s ti c s o f C h i n a ' s
d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d a c c e l e r a t e t r a n s p o r t a ti o n m o d e r n i z a ti o n . W e m u s t f o c u s
o n b u i l d i n g a l a r g e , s t r o n g a n d d e p e n d a b l e t r a n s p o r t a ti o n s y s t e m , p r o v i d e
i n c l u s i v e a n d h i g h - q u a l i t y t r a n s p o r t a ti o n s e r v i c e s t h a t p e o p l e e n j o y u s i n g ,
a n d p o s s e s s b o t h t h e r e q u i s i t e h a r d w a r e a n d s o ft w a r e a n d w o r l d - l e a d i n g
t r a n s p o r t a ti o n c a p a b i l i ti e s . W e m u s t a l s o c r e a t e g r e e n , l o w - c a r b o n a n d
i n n o v a ti v e m o d e s o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n , b u i l d a t r a n s p o r t a ti o n n e t w o r k w i t h
g l o b a l c o n n e c ti o n s , a n d e n s u r e e a s i e r m o v e m e n t s o f p e o p l e a n d s m o o t h e r
fl o w s o f g o o d s . ( P r e s i d e n t X i J i n p i n g 2 0 2 2 )
LOCAL
 T r a n s p o r t a ti o n S e c r e t a r y J a i m e B a u ti s t a , u n d e r t h e a d m i n i s t r a ti o n o f
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., reiterates the need to modernize PUVs,
c i ti n g i t s a l i g n m e n t w i t h t h e C A S A ( c o n v e n i e n t , a c c e s s i b l e , s a f e a n d s e c u r e ,
a n d a ff o r d a b l e ) p r o g r a m a n d p o t e n ti a l t o g e n e r a t e m o r e j o b s a c r o s s t h e

5
s e c t o r ( P I A - C P S D , 2 0 2 3 ) . S e c . B a u ti s t a a l s o e m p h a s i z e s t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f
o r g a n i z e d g r o u p s w i t h e ffi c i e n t o p e r a ti o n s , a n e n d t o t h e b o u n d a r y s y s t e m ,
and improved earnings for drivers within reasonable working hours (PIA-
CPSD, 2023).
According to Freddie Hernandez the chair of a transport service
c o o p e r a ti v e i n M e t r o M a n i l a , a n u r b a n s p r a w l o f 1 6 c i ti e s . H e s a w t h e
b e n e fi t s o f m o d e r n i z i n g u n i t s i n t e r m s o f r e d u c i n g t h e i r c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s ,
H e r n a n d e z b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t w i l l b e n e fi t f r o m i t a s w e l l a s t h e
people in the long run. However, despite backing the plan, Hernandez said
h i s c o o p e r a ti v e i s s t r u g g l i n g w i t h t h e u p g r a d e c o s t s , w h i c h c o m e a s t h e y
reel from a decline in passengers due to the pandemic and high fuel prices.
As stressed by r e ti r e d University of the Philippines Los Baños
professor Teodoro Mendoza, the PUVMP has two main “blind sides”—the
high cost per unit of modern jeepneys and the possible fare hike to cover
the cost. He said modern vehicles that operate through electricity or more
environment-friendly fuel are “expensive” at P2.4 to P2.6 million each in
2020, which meant an increase in capital outlay for operators of P1.4
million to P1.6 million. Even the Senate expressed concern over the
i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f t h e p r o g r a m , s a y i n g i n a r e s o l u ti o n t h a t t h e L T F R B
s h o u l d fi r s t a d d r e s s p r o b l e m s c o n f r o n ti n g t h e P U V M P . “ T h e L T F R B s h o u l d
not coerce PUV operators into complying with their guidelines without
a d d r e s s i n g t h e s e c t o r ’ s c o n c e r n s , p a r ti c u l a r l y o n t h e h i g h c a p i t a l c o s t s o f
a c q u i r i n g m o d e r n j e e p s , ” s a i d t h e S e n a t e r e s o l u ti o n .

B. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

FOREIGN
A i r p o l l u ti o n i s a m a j o r c o n c e r n i n m a n y u r b a n a r e a s w o r l d w i d e , a n d
i t s n e g a ti v e e ff e c t s o n h u m a n h e a l t h a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t h a v e b e e n w e l l -
d o c u m e n t e d . A s s u c h , t h e r e w a s a g r o w i n g e m p h a s i s o n t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n
of vehicles to reduce emissions and improve air quality. A study conducted
by Zhang et al. (2022) in China explored the impact of vehicle emission
r e d u c ti o n s o n a i r p o l l u ti o n l e v e l s . T h e r e s e a r c h e r s f o u n d t h a t i m p l e m e n ti n g
s t r i c t e r e m i s s i o n s t a n d a r d s a n d p r o m o ti n g t h e u s e o f c l e a n e r f u e l s r e s u l t e d
in s i g n i fi c a n t r e d u c ti o n s in pollutant c o n c e n t r a ti o n s , p a r ti c u l a r l y for
n i t r o g e n o x i d e s ( N O x ) a n d p a r ti c u l a t e m a tt e r ( P M ) . T h e s t u d y h i g h l i g h t s t h e
p o t e n ti a l o f v e h i c l e m o d e r n i z a ti o n i n i m p r o v i n g a i r q u a l i t y a n d r e d u c i n g t h e
h e a l t h r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a i r p o l l u ti o n .

6
I n a s i m i l a r v e i n , a s t u d y b y S c h n e i d e r e t a l . ( 2 0 2 0 ) i n v e s ti g a t e d t h e
a i r q u a l i t y b e n e fi t s o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e ( E V ) a d o p ti o n i n u r b a n a r e a s . T h e
researchers used air quality models to simulate the impact of EV
p e n e t r a ti o n on pollutant c o n c e n t r a ti o n s . Their fi n d i n g s showed that
w i d e s p r e a d a d o p ti o n o f E V s c o u l d l e a d t o s u b s t a n ti a l r e d u c ti o n s i n a i r
pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide
( N O 2 ) a n d P M . T h e s t u d y u n d e r s c o r e s t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t r a n s i ti o n i n g
t o c l e a n e r a n d m o r e s u s t a i n a b l e m o d e s o f t r a n s p o r t a ti o n a s a m e a n s t o
m i ti g a t e a i r p o l l u ti o n a n d i t s a s s o c i a t e d h e a l t h i m p a c t s .
Furthermore, a study conducted by Ogen (2020) examined the
r e l a ti o n s h i p b e t w e e n a i r p o l l u ti o n a n d t h e s p r e a d o f r e s p i r a t o r y v i r a l
i n f e c ti o n s , s u c h a s C O V I D - 1 9 . T h e fi n d i n g s r e v e a l e d t h a t r e g i o n s w i t h h i g h e r
l e v e l s o f a i r p o l l u ti o n e x p e r i e n c e d a h i g h e r n u m b e r o f C O V I D - 1 9 c a s e s a n d
m o r e s e v e r e o u t c o m e s . T h e s t u d y h i g h l i g h t s t h e c r i ti c a l r o l e o f r e d u c i n g a i r
p o l l u ti o n t h r o u g h m e a s u r e s l i k e v e h i c l e m o d e r n i z a ti o n i n p r o t e c ti n g p u b l i c
h e a l t h , p a r ti c u l a r l y i n t h e c o n t e x t o f r e s p i r a t o r y d i s e a s e s .
I n t e r m s o f t h e s p e c i fi c c o n t e x t o f W a r s a w c o n u r b a ti o n , P o l a n d , a
s t u d y b y P a c y n a e t a l . ( 2 0 1 8 ) i n v e s ti g a t e d t h e s o u r c e s o f a i r p o l l u ti o n i n t h e
region. The researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of pollutant
emissions from various sectors, including t r a n s p o r t a ti o n . The study
i d e n ti fi e d road t r a ffi c as a s i g n i fi c a n t contributor to air p o l l u ti o n ,
p a r ti c u l a r l y i n t e r m s o f n i t r o g e n o x i d e ( N O x ) e m i s s i o n s . T h e fi n d i n g s
emphasize the need for targeted strategies to reduce emissions from
vehicles and improve air quality in the region.
LOCAL
A. M e tt k e et al. (2018) provide an overview of the PUVMP,
emphasizing its goals of introducing safer and climate-friendly vehicles,
i m p r o v i n g r e g u l a ti o n , a n d c o n s o l i d a ti n g t h e i n d u s t r y . T h e a u t h o r s h i g h l i g h t
the importance of a formalized, high-quality public transport system that
i n d u c e s o n g o i n g fl e e t r e n e w a l , t r a n s i ti o n t o w a r d s h i g h e r c a p a c i t y v e h i c l e s ,
h i g h e r o p e r a ti o n a l e ffi c i e n c y , a n d b e tt e r s e r v i c e l e v e l s .
In a similar vein, Varsolo Sunio et al. (2019) view the PUVMP as a
c a s e s t u d y I n s o c i o - t e c h n i c a l t r a n s i ti o n s t u d i e s , e m p h a s i z i n g t h e n e e d f o r
g r a d u a l a n d i n c r e m e n t a l c h a n g e t o a c h i e v e a s u c c e s s f u l t r a n s i ti o n .
Malasique and Rosete (2022) shed light on the impact of PUVMP on
t h e e m p l o y m e n t o f P U V d r i v e r s , p a r ti c u l a r l y s m a l l o p e r a t o r s . T h e i r s t u d y
reveals a decrease in employment due to ongoing health crises and the
s i g n i fi c a n t d i ff e r e n c e i n t h e n u m b e r o f t r a d i ti o n a l P U V u n i t s s i n c e t h e
modernized units are inadequate.

7
C r u z e t a l . ( 2 0 1 8 ) e m p h a s i z e d t h e r o l e o f j e e p n e y s i n t h e e x i s ti n g
p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m , a d v o c a ti n g f o r a t r a n s i ti o n t o w a r d s h i g h e r c a p a c i t y
v e h i c l e s , o p e r a ti o n a l e ffi c i e n c y , a n d b e tt e r s e r v i c e l e v e l s . T h e a u t h o r s
u n d e r s c o r e t h e P U V M P ’ s f o u n d a ti o n f o r f u t u r e e l e c t r i fi c a ti o n t o a c h i e v e
d e c a r b o n i z a ti o n .

C. SYNTHESIS OF RRS

Overall, these foreign and local studies similarly provide valuable

i n s i g h t s i n t o t h e p o t e n ti a l b e n e fi t s o f v e h i c l e m o d e r n i z a ti o n a n d e m i s s i o n
r e d u c ti o n s t r a t e g i e s i n i m p r o v i n g a i r q u a l i t y a n d p r o t e c ti n g p u b l i c h e a l t h .
T h e fi n d i n g s u n d e r s c o r e t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f i m p l e m e n ti n g s u s t a i n a b l e a n d
e c o - f r i e n d l y t r a n s p o r t a ti o n p o l i c i e s t o a d d r e s s t h e c h a l l e n g e s p o s e d b y a i r
p o l l u ti o n . It aims to improve safety, reliability, convenience, and
e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u s t a i n a b i l i t y . W h i l e c h a l l e n g e s e x i s t , s u c h a s t h e fi n a n c i a l
v i a b i l i t y a n d c o n c e r n s o f a ff e c t e d o p e r a t o r s a n d d r i v e r s , t h e g o v e r n m e n t i s
c o m m i tt e d t o a d d r e s s i n g t h e s e i s s u e s t o a c h i e v e a n e ffi c i e n t a n d o r g a n i z e d
public transport network.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter outlines the research methods employed in the study. It
p r o v i d e s e s s e n ti a l d e t a i l s a b o u t t h e r e s p o n d e n t s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c r i t e r i a f o r
t h e i r i n c l u s i o n , t h e s a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e , a n d a b r i e f d e s c r i p ti o n o f w h o t h e y
a r e . A d d i ti o n a l l y , t h e c h o s e n r e s e a r c h d e s i g n a n d t h e r a ti o n a l e b e h i n d i t s
s e l e c ti o n a r e d i s c u s s e d . T h e i n s t r u m e n t u s e d f o r d a t a c o l l e c ti o n i s a l s o
described, along with the procedures implemented during the study.

A. RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used a q u a l i t a ti v e research design known as
p h e n o m e n o l o g y a s i t a tt e m p t s t o k n o w t h e d i ff e r e n t p e r c e p ti o n s o f j e e p n e y
d r i v e r s o n j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n .

8
B. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
T h e s t u d y i n c l u d e s a t o t a l o f t h r e e ( 3 ) p a r ti c i p a n t s w h o a r e j e e p n e y
drivers in Balingcanaway, Tarlac City. Considering the size of the
p o p u l a ti o n , t h e r e s e a r c h e r s h a v e d e l i b e r a t e l y s e l e c t e d t h i s s p e c i fi c n u m b e r
of p a r ti c i p a n t s . It is believed that these p a r ti c i p a n t s will provide
s u b s t a n ti a l a n d c r u c i a l i n f o r m a ti o n n e c e s s a r y t o a d d r e s s t h e r e s e a r c h
q u e s ti o n s i n t h i s s t u d y . T h e s e l e c ti o n o f t h e s e r e s p o n d e n t s w a s b a s e d o n
t h e i r fi r s t h a n d e x p e r i e n c e a n d k n o w l e d g e o f t h e s u b j e c t m a tt e r , m a k i n g
them valuable contributors to the study.
C. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
T h e i n s t r u m e n t t h a t r e s e a r c h e r s u ti l i z e d i n t h i s s t u d y w a s i n t e r v i e w .
S p e c i fi c a l l y , a semi-structured interview was conducted so that the
researchers can ask a d d i ti o n a l q u e s ti o n s during the interviews if
c l a r i fi c a ti o n s a n d f u r t h e r e x p l a n a ti o n s w i l l b e n e e d e d .

D. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

A l e tt e r of request to conduct a study was prepared by the
researchers, and it was validated by their panelists. The study was
conducted in Balingcanaway, Tarlac City, and researchers employed
p u r p o s i v e s a m p l i n g i n s e l e c ti n g t h e i r r e s p o n d e n t s . A ft e r t h e r e s e a r c h e r s
selected their respondents, a consent form was given to them, which served
a s a d o c u m e n t p r o v i n g t h a t t h e y h a d g i v e n t h e i r p e r m i s s i o n t o p a r ti c i p a t e
a n d b e i n t e r v i e w e d b y t h e r e s e a r c h e r s . A b r i e f d e s c r i p ti o n o f t h e s t u d y I s
w r i tt e n i n t h e c o n s e n t f o r m , w h i c h a l s o i n c l u d e s t h e c o n fi d e n ti a l i t y a n d
d i s c l o s u r e o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t ’ s n a m e d u r i n g a n d a ft e r t h e c o m p l e ti o n o f t h e
s t u d y . A ft e r t h e c o n s e n t f o r m h a d a l r e a d y b e e n s i g n e d b y t h e r e s p o n d e n t s ,
the researchers informed them when the proper interview started and the
recording began.
When all the respondents have already been interviewed, the
recorded answers were transcribed into texts for analysis. Lastly, the
r e s e a r c h e r s t h a n k e d t h e r e s p o n d e n t s f o r t h e i r c o o p e r a ti o n .

9
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

INTRODUCTION
 T h i s c h a p t e r c o n t a i n s t h e p r e s e n t a ti o n , a n a l y s i s , a n d i n t e r p r e t a ti o n
of the data obtained by the researchers. It also includes a summary of the
research and the respondents' socio-demographics.

RESEARCH SUMMARY
I m p l e m e n t a ti o n of jeepney m o d e r n i z a ti o n , as perceived by the
j e e p n e y d r i v e r s o f B a l i n g c a n a w a y , T a r l a c C i t y , i s ti m e l y a n d r e l e v a n t f o r u s .
I t h e l p s u s e x p a n d o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e d i ff e r e n t i s s u e s t h a t o u r
country is facing. It permits not only the researchers but also the jeepney
d r i v e r s a n d t h e c i ti z e n s t o b e i n f o r m e d o f t h e d i ffi c u l ti e s i n i m p l e m e n ti n g
the program.

T h e s t u d y w a s o r g a n i z e d i n t o a q u a l i t a ti v e r e s e a r c h d e s i g n . T h e
researchers used the phenomenological method, which concentrates on the
p e r c e p ti o n s a n d c o n c e r n s o f p e o p l e a r o u n d s p e c i fi c i s s u e s . W i t h t h i s , t h e
r e s e a r c h e r s w e r e a b l e t o d e t e r m i n e t h e e ff e c t o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ,
p a r ti c u l a r l y o n t h e j e e p n e y d r i v e r s , o n B a l i n g c a n a w a y , T a r l a c C i t y . T h e y
were the focus of the study because they have been working as jeepney
d r i v e r s f o r a l o n g ti m e .
In c o n n e c ti o n with the chapter, the researchers asked the
r e s p o n d e n t s q u e s ti o n s b a s e d o n t h e s t a t e m e n t o f t h e p r o b l e m . T h e r e a r e
three conceptualized ideas that the researchers prepared for the
respondents:

 P e r c e p ti o n s a b o u t t h e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ,
 F e e l i n g s a ft e r h e a r i n g t h e n e w s a b o u t j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n , a n d
 T h e i r p o s s i b l e a d j u s t m e n t s a b o u t j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n

Through purposive sampling, three (3) jeepney drivers were chosen to

p a r ti c i p a t e i n t h i s s t u d y . I n o r d e r t o s p e a k w i t h t h e r e s p o n d e n t s d i r e c t l y ,
the researcher decided to conduct a semi-interview where they could talk
t o t h e i r r e s p o n d e n t s a n d a s k f o l l o w - u p q u e s ti o n s .

10
 Before the interview began, the researchers gave the validated
consent form to the respondents to request permission to speak with them
a b o u t t h e s t u d y . T h e r e s e a r c h e r s a s k e d t h r e e ( 3 ) q u e s ti o n s t h a t a r e
primarily focused on the research they have done. The respondents were
a l s o g i v e n t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o r e s p o n d t o a n y c l a r i f y i n g q u e s ti o n s i n t h e i r
i n i ti a l r e s p o n s e s .

D u r i n g t h e i n t e r v i e w , t h e r e s e a r c h e r s m a d e s u r e t h a t t h e i n f o r m a ti o n
w a s a c q u i r e d i n a n i m p a r ti a l a n d f a i r w a y .
T h e i n f o r m a ti o n g i v e n b y t h e i r r e s p o n d e n t w a s t r u e a n d h o n e s t .
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e e x p e r i e n c e s t h a t i n fl u e n c e d t h e o p i n i o n s t h e y e x p r e s s e d i n
the interview; it supports and strengthens the study and makes it more
dependable and clearer. The researchers gathered the data and protected
i t s c o n fi d e n ti a l i t y .

Demographics of the Interviewees

RESPONDENTS AGE YEARS OF

WORKING AS A
JEEPNEY DRIVER
RESPONDENT 1 59 45 YEARS
RESPONDENT 2 47 20 YEARS
RESPONDENT 3 58 43 YEARS

All of three respondents are from Brgy. Balingcanaway, allof them are
male. The respondents had all driven jeeps for a very long period, but none
o f t h e m o w n t h e j e e p t h e y s ti l l u s e .

D i s c u s s i o n a n d I n t e r p r e t a ti o n s R e s e a r c h F i n d i n g s
T h i s p a r t p r e s e n t s t h e fi n d i n g s a n d a n a l y s e s o f t h e d a t a o b t a i n e d
from respondents, the data were extracted and analyzed according to the
o b j e c ti v e s o f t h e s t u d y .
 11

1 . T h e P e r c e p ti o n s o f t h e R e s p o n d e n t s w i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e J e e p n e y
M o d e r n i z a ti o n

R E S P O N D E N T 1 : “ A y a w k o s a m o d e r n i z a ti o n d a h i l m a b a b a w a s a n a n g
j e e p d i t o p a r a s a m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a y a n , e p a ' n o n a m a n ' y u n g m g a j e e p
namin? Pa'no kami kikita e nag papaaral kami ng mga anak, tapos ipapasok
' y a n g m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a y a n k a s o u t a n g n a m a n n a n a p a k a l a k i , p a ' n o n a m i n
babayaran 'yon? 2.4million tapos kukuhanin sasakyan namin 160,000
thousand. Mag kakautang kami pa'no naman yung kita namin araw-araw?
A y a w n a m i n y u n g m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a ' y a n , m a g k a k a u t a n g k a n a t a p o s y u n g
kita mo mababawasan naman, kaya pa'no namin magugustohan yang
m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a ' y a n ? A n g g u s t o n a m i n y u n g n a k a s a n a y a n n a n a ti n g j e e p
d a h i l i y a n n a y u n g n a k a g i s n a n n a ti n a t m a l a k i r i n a n g n a t u t u l o n g n i t o
samin. “

F o r r e s p o n d e n t n o . 1 , H e i s a g a i n s t t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n b e c a u s e i t
w o u l d r e s u l t i n a r e d u c ti o n o f j e e p n e y s i n t h e i r a r e a . T h e y e x p r e s s c o n c e r n
about their livelihood and how they will earn a living, especially since they
have children to support. He highlights the large amount of debt they
w o u l d i n c u r t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d q u e s ti o n
h o w t h e y w o u l d b e a b l e t o p a y i t o ff . T h e r e s p o n d e n t m e n ti o n s t h e c o s t o f
the new vehicles they would need to purchase and the burden of borrowing
m o n e y . H e e m p h a s i z e s t h a t t h e i r d a i l y i n c o m e w o u l d b e a ff e c t e d b y t h e
m o d e r n i z a ti o n , l e a d i n g t o a d i s l i k e f o r t h e p r o p o s e d c h a n g e s . H e p r e f e r s
t h e t r a d i ti o n a l j e e p n e y s t h a t t h e y a r e a c c u s t o m e d t o , a s i t h a s b e e n
b e n e fi c i a l f o r t h e m .

R E S P O N D E N T 2 : “ M u l a n u n g d u m a ti n g y a n , i y a n n a n a g k a g u l u h a n
y u n g m g a d r i v e r s , y u n g i b a n a w a w a l a n n g p a s a h e r o . a t s a k a n u n g d u m a ti n g
y a n g m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a ' y a n , m a r a m i n g d r i v e r n a n a w a l a n n g g a n a s a p a g
da-drive nila atsaka maliit ang sahod. magkano sahod lang namin 500-550
lang, araw-araw pa yon tapos yung pangakain mo naman kaltas pa” .

F o r r e s p o n d e n t n o . 2 , H e e x p r e s s e d d i s s a ti s f a c ti o n w i t h t h e a r r i v a l o f
t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o g r a m , s t a ti n g t h a t i t l e d t o c h a o s a m o n g d r i v e r s a n d
c a u s e d s o m e o f t h e m t o l o s e p a s s e n g e r s . T h e r e s p o n d e n t m e n ti o n e d t h a t
m a n y d r i v e r s l o s t m o ti v a ti o n t o c o n ti n u e d r i v i n g d u e t o t h e i m p l e m e n t a ti o n
o f t h e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n a s t h e y h e a r d a b o u t i t . H e p o i n t e d o u t t h a t
their daily earnings were only around 500-550 pesos, and this amount was
further reduced by expenses for everyday living.

12

R E S P O N D E N T 3 : “ K e t a n g m o d e r n i z a ti o n p a g k a n i l w a l y a y a n , m a g k a
u t a n g k a m i . M a s m a s a n ti n g l a r e n i n g k e g i s n a n t a m u n g j e e p k a s i k e n i ,
a l a k a n g b a b a y a r a n g u t a n g k a s i p a g m e g m o d e r n i z a ti o n k a , m a g k a u t a n g k a
kamal da pamo mahigit 3 million”.
F o r r e s p o n d e n t s n o . 2 , h e ' s e x p r e s s i n g h i s c o n c e r n s a n d n e g a ti v e
s e n ti m e n t s r e g a r d i n g t h e c o n c e p t o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . H e b e l i e v e s
t h a t i f t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n p l a n i s i m p l e m e n t e d , i t w o u l d r e s u l t i n t h e m
i n c u r r i n g d e b t . H e a r g u e s t h a t t h e t r a d i ti o n a l j e e p n e y s y s t e m i s p r e f e r a b l e
b e c a u s e i t d o e s n o t i n v o l v e a n y l o a n o b l i g a ti o n s . M o r e o v e r , H e h i g h l i g h t
the s u b s t a n ti a l amount of debt that would be incurred, s p e c i fi c a l l y
m e n ti o n i n g a n a m o u n t e x c e e d i n g 3 m i l l i o n p e s o s .

2 . F e e l i n g s a ft e r h e a r i n g t h e n e w s a b o u t J e e p n e y M o d e r n i z a ti o n
RESPONDENT 1:” Nalungkot ako, syempre ayaw namin yung
m o d e r n i z a ti o n n a y u n m a g k a k a u t a n g k a n a n g a m a b a b a w a s a n p a a n g k i t a
mo. Mas gusto namin ang mga jeep na yan dahil iyon na ang nakagisnan
n a ti n ” .
 For respondent no. 1 he was sad, because they don't want the
m o d e r n i z a ti o n , y o u w i l l h a v e a d e b t , a n d t h e n t h e i r i n c o m e w i l l b e
reduced. For him, they prefer the current jeeps because we are
already used to these.

RESPONDENT 2:” Natakot syempre yung mga ibang driver mawawalan

n g t r a b a h o , k a s i y u n g m g a j e e p n a y a n m a r a m i y a n , k u n g d a r a ti n g
yung mga bago mawawalan kami ng pagkakakitaan”.
For respondent No. 2 he felt scared because other drivers will lose
their jobs. Because jeeps are many, if the modernized jeeps will come, we
will lose our income

RESPONDENT 3: “Melungkut ku uling buri dalang lako reng jeep a ren,

imbis na ala kang utang magkautang ka king gobyerno.”
For respondent no. 3 he felt sad because they want to remove the current
jeeps; for him, instead of not having debt, they will have a debt to the
government.

3. Possible adjustments once the program is already implemented

13
RESPONDENT 1: “Yun nga pano, hindi namin alam. Wala kaming
kikitain kukunin ang mga jeep namin, minsan madalang pa ang pasada
namin”.

For him, he doesn't know how he will adjust; they will not earn, and
t h e n t h e i r j e e p s w i l l b e t a k e n ; s o m e ti m e s t h e i r t r i p s a r e r a r e .

R E S P O N D E N T 2 : “ G a n u n t a l a g a k u n g d u m a ti n g n a y a n w a l a n a r i n
kaming magagawa dahil government yan eh kung baga tatanggapin nalang
namin talaga”.
For respondent no. 2, if the program is implemented, they can't do
anything because it's from the government; for him, they will just accept it.
 RESPONDENT 3: “Ala, nung i-implement ne ning gobyerno ita
mapilitan keng tuki pero dapat ing gobyerno ali na ne ita “.
As for respondent no. 3, nothing; if the government implemented
that, they would be forced to accept it, but the government should not do
that.
Research Analysis
T h e r e s e a r c h fi n d i n g s t h a t w e r e p r e v i o u s l y p r e s e n t e d w i l l b e a n a l y z e d
i n t h e r e s e a r c h a n a l y s i s s e c ti o n . T h e s t u d y w i l l t h o r o u g h l y e x a m i n e t h e r o o t
c a u s e s o f t h e i s s u e s a n d o ff e r l i k e l y e x p l a n a ti o n s .

1 . T h e P e r c e p ti o n s o f t h e R e s p o n d e n t s w i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e J e e p n e y
M o d e r n i z a ti o n
T h e r e s p o n d e n t s c o l l e c ti v e l y h i g h l i g h t t h e p o t e n ti a l r e d u c ti o n o f
j e e p n e y s i n t h e i r a r e a a s a c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o g r a m .
T h e y e x p r e s s w o r r i e s a b o u t t h e n e g a ti v e i m p a c t o n t h e i r l i v e l i h o o d s a n d
a b i l i t y t o e a r n a l i v i n g , p a r ti c u l a r l y e m p h a s i z i n g t h e fi n a n c i a l b u r d e n t h e y
w o u l d f a c e . T h i s b u r d e n a r i s e s f r o m t h e s i g n i fi c a n t a m o u n t o f d e b t t h e y
w o u l d n e e d t o i n c u r t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n r e q u i r e m e n t s ,
including the high cost of purchasing new vehicles and the need to borrow
m o n e y . T h e y b e l i e v e t h a t t h e s e fi n a n c i a l o b l i g a ti o n s w o u l d h i n d e r t h e i r
daily income, leading to discontent with the proposed changes.
A d d i ti o n a l l y , t h e r e s p o n d e n t s m e n ti o n t h e c h a o s a n d l o s s o f p a s s e n g e r s
c a u s e d b y t h e i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f t h e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h i s s i t u a ti o n
h a s h a d a d e m o ti v a ti n g e ff e c t o n d r i v e r s , s o m e o f w h o m h a v e c o n s i d e r e d
q u i tti n g t h e i r p r o f e s s i o n d u e t o t h e p r o g r a m ' s a r r i v a l .

14

The respondents point out that their already meager daily earnings,
ranging from 500-550 pesos, have been further reduced by expenses for
e v e r y d a y l i v i n g . T h i s r e d u c ti o n i n i n c o m e r e i n f o r c e s t h e i r d i s s a ti s f a c ti o n
w i t h t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n e ff o r t s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e r e s p o n d e n t ' s e x p r e s s
concerns and n e g a ti v e s e n ti m e n t s regarding the concept of jeepney
m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h e y b e l i e v e t h a t i f i m p l e m e n t e d , t h e p r o g r a m w o u l d l e a d
t o a n i n c r e a s e i n d e b t f o r d r i v e r s . T h e y a r g u e t h a t t h e t r a d i ti o n a l j e e p n e y
s y s t e m i s p r e f e r a b l e b e c a u s e i t d o e s n o t i n v o l v e l o a n o b l i g a ti o n s . T h e
respondents highlight the s u b s t a n ti a l amount of debt that would be
i n c u r r e d , m e n ti o n i n g a n a m o u n t e x c e e d i n g 3 m i l l i o n p e s o s . T h i s p e r s p e c ti v e
r e fl e c t s t h e i r a p p r e h e n s i o n a b o u t t h e fi n a n c i a l b u r d e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e
m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o g r a m .

2 . F e e l i n g s a ft e r h e a r i n g t h e n e w s a b o u t J e e p n e y M o d e r n i z a ti o n
Most of the Jeepney drivers feel sad and scared, one of their worries
i s h a v i n g a l a r g e d e b t w h e n t h e y a c c e p t t h e m o d e r n i z e d t r a n s p o r t a ti o n ,
especially their income will change in this protocol. Most of them feel
a n x i o u s a n d c o n c e r n e d a b o u t t h e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o g r a m . T h e y m a y
w o r r y a b o u t t h e fi n a n c i a l b u r d e n o f u p g r a d i n g o r r e p l a c i n g t h e i r o l d
j e e p n e y s w i t h n e w e r , m o r e e x p e n s i v e m o d e l s t h a t m e e t t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n
standards.

3. Possible adjustments once the program is already implemented

Most of the respondents are unsure about how they would adjust, but
f o r t h e m i f t h e g o v e r n m e n t c o n ti n u e s t o i m p l e m e n t t h e p r o g r a m , t h e y c a n ' t
do anything but to accept it.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

INTRODUCTION

I n t h i s c h a p t e r t h e c o n c l u s i o n s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h i s s t u d y
o n t h e I m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f J e e p n e y M o d e r n i z a ti o n a s p e r c e i v e d b y j e e p n e y
d r i v e r s . T h e c o n c l u s i o n s w e r e b a s e d o n t h e p u r p o s e , r e s e a r c h q u e s ti o n s a n d
r e s u l t s o f t h e s t u d y . T h e i m p l i c a ti o n s o f t h e s e fi n d i n g s a n d t h e r e s u l t a n t
r e c o m m e n d a ti o n s w i l l a l s o b e e x p l a i n e d . R e c o m m e n d a ti o n s w e r e b a s e d o n
the conclusions and purpose of the study.

15
Summary of Research

T h e f o c u s o f t h i s s t u d y w a s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e p e r c e p ti o n s o f t h e
j e e p n e y d r i v e r s w i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e u p c o m i n g i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f J e e p n e y
M o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h e r e a s o n f o r m o d e r n i z i n g j e e p n e y s i s t o m a k e t h e j e e p s
eco-friendlier because of the black smoke they produce and to provide a
comfortable ride. The background of this study was done by studying the
l i t e r a t u r e o n t h e s i t u a ti o n i n t e r n a ti o n a l l y . T h e l i t e r a t u r e s t u d y w a s d o n e i n
Chapter 2 of the research.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three respondents

u s i n g p u r p o s i v e s a m p l i n g . T h e fi n d i n g s w e r e p r e s e n t e d a n d d i s c u s s e d i n
Chapter 4.

T h e o b j e c ti v e s o f t h i s s t u d y a r e a s f o l l o w s :

O b j e c ti v e 1 : T o k n o w t h e p e r c e p ti o n s o f t h e j e e p n e y d r i v e r s r e g a r d i n g t h e
i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f J e e p n e y M o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h e fi n d i n g s o f t h i s r e s e a r c h
reveal that most of the respondents disagree with this kind of program by
the government.

O b j e c ti v e 2 : T o k n o w t h e i r f e e l i n g s w h e n t h e y h e a r d t h e n e w s a b o u t
j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . M o s t o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s s t a t e d t h a t t h e y f e l t s a d
a n d s c a r e d b e c a u s e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n c a n a ff e c t t h e m i n a n e g a ti v e
way.

O b j e c ti v e 3 : T o k n o w h o w t h e y w i l l a d j u s t w h e n t h e p r o g r a m i s a l r e a d y
implemented. All of them don't know what they will do; they are unsure
because, as for them, they can't do anything once it is already
implemented, especially because it is from the government. They will just
accept it.

D i s c u s s i o n a n d I n t e r p r e t a ti o n s o f F i n d i n g s

T h e r e s e a r c h e r s u s e d t h i s p o r ti o n o f t h e s t u d y t o d e s c r i b e t h e
results, showing that the respondents provided responses to the earlier-
p o s e d q u e s ti o n s . T h e o b j e c ti v e o f t h i s d i s c u s s i o n i s t o i n t e r p r e t t h e
fi n d i n g s a n d d e s c r i b e t h e r e l e v a n c e o f t h e fi n d i n g s f o r t h e r e s p o n d e n t s a s
they are interpreted by the researchers from the data they have collected.

T h e t h r e e ( 3 ) j e e p n e y d r i v e r s d o n ' t a g r e e w i t h t h e i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f
j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ; m o s t o f t h e m s t a t e d t h a t j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n i s
n o t h e l p f u l , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e i r fi n a n c e s , i n c o m e , a n d j o b .

16

T h e u s e s a n d h e l p o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n a r e t o p r o v i d e v e h i c l e s
w i t h a i r - c o n d i ti o n i n g , G P S t r a c k i n g , a n d a u t o m a t e d f a r e c o l l e c ti o n , t o a v o i d
a i r p o l l u ti o n i n o u r h i g h w a y . I t h e l p s a l o t f o r o u r r e s p o n d e n t s t o e x p r e s s
t h e i r f e e l i n g s a n d t h o u g h t s a b o u t m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h e i n f o r m a ti o n g a t h e r e d
f o r t h i s s t u d y i s a c c u r a t e a n d t r u t h f u l . I t i n c l u d e d t h e p e r c e p ti o n , f e e l i n g s ,
a n d a d j u s t m e n t o f t h e j e e p n e y d r i v e r s , p a r ti c u l a r l y t h e j e e p n e y d r i v e r s o n
B a l i n g c a n a w a y , T a r l a c C i t y . T h i s k i n d o f s t u d y i s n o w ti m e l y a n d r e l e v a n t
b e c a u s e t h e r e ' s a c h a n c e t h a t m o d e r n i z a ti o n w i l l o c c u r i n d i ff e r e n t p l a c e s
in the Philippines.

Conclusion
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e o p i n i o n s o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s a n d t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h i s
research. The majority of the jeepney drivers do not agree on the
i m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f J e e p n e y M o d e r n i z a ti o n . I t h a s m a n y i m p a c t s o n t h e m ,
t h e n e g a ti v e i m p a c t o f t h i s p r o g r a m i s t h a t d r i v e r s w i l l b e i n d e b t a n d t h e r e
is a possibility that they will lose their job and income unable to provide
for their family. Most of them preferred the current jeeps because they are
a l r e a d y u s e d t o t h i s a n d t h e j e e p s a r e s ti l l u s e f u l . A l t h o u g h J e e p n e y d r i v e r s
o p p o s e d t h e m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o g r a m t h e y s t a t e d t h a t t h e y c a n ' t d o a n y t h i n g
b u t t o a c c e p t t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t i f t h e y w i l l s ti l l p u r s u e t h e
p r o g r a m . T h e r e f o r e , t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h i s s t u d y w e r e a b l e t o m e e t t h e
o b j e c ti v e s a l l t h r o u g h o u t t h i s s t u d y .
R e c o m m e n d a ti o n f o r F u r t h e r R e s e a r c h
The following r e c o m m e n d a ti o n s f o r r e s e a r c h are based on the study
fi n d i n g s :

 C o m p a r a ti v e S t u d y : C o n d u c t a c o m p a r a ti v e s t u d y b e t w e e n d i ff e r e n t
m o d e s o f p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a ti o n i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , s u c h a s j e e p n e y s ,
buses, tricycles, and modernized jeepneys, to evaluate their
e ffi c i e n c y , e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t , a n d p u b l i c p e r c e p ti o n . T h i s s t u d y
can provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of
e a c h m o d e a n d g u i d e f u t u r e t r a n s p o r t a ti o n p o l i c i e s .

17
 Economic Analysis: Conduct an economic analysis of the costs and
b e n e fi t s o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n , t a k i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a ti o n f a c t o r s
s u c h a s t h e i n i ti a l i n v e s t m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r m o d e r n i z e d j e e p n e y s ,
p o t e n ti a l s a v i n g s i n f u e l c o s t s , e n v i r o n m e n t a l b e n e fi t s , a n d t h e
impact on drivers' livelihoods. This analysis can help policymakers
and stakeholders make informed decisions regarding the feasibility
a n d s u s t a i n a b i l i t y o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n .
 Stakeholder Engagement: Conduct in-depth interviews or surveys with
v a r i o u s s t a k e h o l d e r s i n v o l v e d i n t h e j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o c e s s ,
including jeepney drivers, operators, passengers, government
o ffi c i a l s , a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l e x p e r t s . T h i s r e s e a r c h c a n p r o v i d e a
comprehensive understanding of d i ff e r e n t p e r s p e c ti v e s , i d e n ti f y
p o t e n ti a l challenges, and explore possible s o l u ti o n s to address
c o n c e r n s a n d p r o m o t e a s m o o t h e r t r a n s i ti o n t o m o d e r n i z e d j e e p n e y s .
 Long-Term Environmental Impact: Conduct a longitudinal study to
a s s e s s t h e l o n g - t e r m e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n .
This study can monitor air quality improvements, r e d u c ti o n in
g r e e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s , a n d t h e o v e r a l l e c o l o g i c a l b e n e fi t s o f
t r a n s i ti o n i n g from t r a d i ti o n a l jeepneys to modernized and eco-
f r i e n d l y a l t e r n a ti v e s .
  P o l i c y E v a l u a ti o n : E v a l u a t e t h e e ff e c ti v e n e s s o f e x i s ti n g p o l i c i e s a n d
i n i ti a ti v e s r e l a t e d t o j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h i s r e s e a r c h c a n a s s e s s
t h e i m p l e m e n t a ti o n p r o c e s s , i d e n ti f y b a r r i e r s a n d g a p s i n p o l i c y
e x e c u ti o n , a n d r e c o m m e n d i m p r o v e m e n t s t o e n s u r e t h e s u c c e s s f u l
i m p l e m e n t a ti o n a n d a c c e p t a n c e o f m o d e r n i z e d j e e p n e y s .
 S o c i a l a n d C u l t u r a l I m p l i c a ti o n s : E x p l o r e t h e s o c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l
i m p l i c a ti o n s of jeepney m o d e r n i z a ti o n on Filipino c o m m u n i ti e s .
I n v e s ti g a t e h o w t h e t r a n s i ti o n t o m o d e r n i z e d j e e p n e y s a ff e c t s t h e
c u l t u r a l s i g n i fi c a n c e o f t r a d i ti o n a l j e e p n e y s a n d t h e l i v e l i h o o d s o f
d r i v e r s . T h i s r e s e a r c h c a n p r o v i d e i n s i g h t s i n t o t h e p o t e n ti a l s o c i a l
and cultural challenges that need to be addressed during the
m o d e r n i z a ti o n p r o c e s s .
 T e c h n o l o g y a n d I n n o v a ti o n : I n v e s ti g a t e e m e r g i n g t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d
i n n o v a ti o n s i n t r a n s p o r t a ti o n , s u c h a s e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s , a l t e r n a ti v e
f u e l s , a n d a u t o n o m o u s v e h i c l e s , a n d t h e i r p o t e n ti a l a p p l i c a ti o n i n t h e
c o n t e x t o f j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n . T h i s r e s e a r c h c a n e x p l o r e t h e
f e a s i b i l i t y a n d b e n e fi t s o f a d o p ti n g n e w t e c h n o l o g i e s t o f u r t h e r
enhance the e ffi c i e n c y , safety, and sustainability of public
t r a n s p o r t a ti o n in the Philippines.

18

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“ W h a t y o u n e e d t o k n o w a b o u t t h e p r o p o s e d j e e p n e y m o d e r n i z a ti o n ”

Maria Viktoria Viado, March 2023

h tt p s : / / p i a . g o v . p h / n e w s / 2 0 2 3 / 0 3 / 0 6 / w h a t - y o u - n e e d - t o - k n o w - a b o u t - t h e -
p r o p o s e d - j e e p n e y - m o d e r n i z a ti o n

“As Philippines scraps jeepney buses, operators struggle with costs”

Mariejo Ramos, February 2023

h tt p s : / / w w w . j a p a n ti m e s . c o . j p / n e w s / 2 0 2 3 / 0 2 / 2 8 / a s i a - p a c i fi c / p h i l i p p i n e s -
jeepney-operators-cost-struggle/

“The jeepney+ NAMA. Modernizing public transport in the Philippines”

M e tt k e , C , C r u z , M , M a r i a n o , P , 2 0 1 8

h tt p s : / / t r i d . t r b . o r g / v i e w / 1 5 7 1 3 8 9

“ F i n a n c i n g l o w - c a r b o n t r a n s p o r t a ti o n t r a n s i ti o n i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s : M a p p i n g
fi n a n c i n g , g a p s a n d d i r e c ti o n a l i t y o f i n n o v a ti o n ”

Varsolo Sunio, Jaime Mendejar, June 2022

h tt p s : / / w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m / s c i e n c e / a r ti c l e / p i i / S 2 5 9 0 1 9 8 2 2 2 0 0 0 5 2 5

“ A n a l y z i n g t h e I m p l e m e n t a ti o n o f t h e P u b l i c U ti l i t y V e h i c l e M o d e r n i z a ti o n
Program (PUVMP) to the Employment of PUV Drivers in the Philippines”

A r i o n M a r i P . M a l a s i q u e , W i n d s o r R e d z C . R u b i o , M a r i e A n t o i n e tt e L .
Rosete, February 2022

h tt p s : / / j i e m a r . o r g / i n d e x . p h p / j i e m a r / a r ti c l e / v i e w / 2 5 0

19

“ I m p l e m e n t a ti o n , c h a l l e n g e s a n d s t a k e h o l d e r s ' p e r c e p ti o n o f m o d e r n i z e d
jeepneys in Metro Manila”

Carissa Faye A. Cruz, 2018

h tt p s : / / i o p s c i e n c e . i o p . o r g / a r ti c l e / 1 0 . 1 0 8 8 / 1 7 4 2 - 6 5 9 6 / 1 5 2 9 / 3 / 0 3 2 0 6 7 / m e t a

“Jeepney phaseout: it’s more than just new vehicles”

Kurt Dela Pena, March 2023

h tt p s : / / n e w s i n f o . i n q u i r e r . n e t / 1 7 3 8 0 2 4 / j e e p n e y - p h a s e o u t - i t s - m o r e - t h a n -
j u s t - n e w - v e h i c l e s # a m p _ tf = F r o m
% 2 0 % 2 5 1 % 2 4 s & a o h = 1 6 8 6 8 0 4 2 1 0 3 9 3 5 & c s i = 1 & r e f e r r e r = h tt p s % 3 A % 2 F
% 2 F w w w . g o o g l e . c o m & a m p s h a r e = h tt p s % 3 A % 2 F % 2 F n e w s i n f o . i n q u i r e r . n e t
%2F1738024%2Fjeepney-phaseout-its-more-than-just-new-vehicles

“ S t r i v i n g t o B e a P i o n e e r o f C h i n a ’ s M o d e r n i z a ti o n D r i v e ”

By CPC Leadership group of the Ministry of Transport, 2022

h tt p : / / e n . q s t h e o r y . c n / 2 0 2 2 - 0 5 / 1 2 / c _ 7 4 9 9 5 7 . h t m

“ U K P l a n s G r e e n M o d e r n i z a ti o n o f B u s e s ”

Sami Grover, 2021

h tt p s : / / w w w . t r e e h u g g e r . c o m / u k - p l a n s - g r e e n - m o d e r n i z a ti o n - b u s s e s -
5116477

“Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017”

Qiang Zhang, 2019

h tt p s : / / w w w . p n a s . o r g / d o i / 1 0 . 1 0 7 3 / p n a s . 1 9 0 7 9 5 6 1 1 6

h tt p s : / / s c h o l a r . g o o g l e . c o m / s c h o l a r ? h l = e n & a s _ s d t = 0 % 2 C 5 & q = b u s
% 2 0 m o d e r n i z a ti o n % 2 0 & b t n G # d = g s _ q a b s & t = 1 6 8 8 4 3 1 7 9 6 5 1 3 & u = % 2 3 p
%3DBOgqWFcR5vQJ

20
Christine P. Santiago

Blk 1, Brgy. Balingcanaway, Tarlac City

Mobile no.: 0948-122-2280

_______________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

Sto. Cristo Integrated School

J Luna St, Tarlac City

 June 2010 – March 2018

AWARDS and RECOGNITIONS

With Honors, Sto. Cristo Intregrated School (2018)

With Honors, San Manuel High School (2022)

With High Honors, San Manuel High School (2023)

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: December 9,2005

Age: 17 years old
Civil Status: Single

25

Zaile J. Tumang

Blk 3, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0910-911-4351

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy, San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 - present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy, San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

 Elementary

San Manuel Elementary School

Blk 4, Brgy, San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: August 24, 2006

Age: 16

Civil Status: Single

Allyssa Diann F. Gomez

Blk 2, Brgy, Villa Bacolor, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0967-796-4995

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy, San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Sebastian Elementary School

 San Sebastian, Tarlac City

June 2010 – March 2018

AWARDS and RECOGNITIONS

With Honors, San Sebastian Elementary School (2011)

AFFILIATIONS
Secretary, National Drug Education Program (2022)
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 21, 2006
Age: 16 years old
Civil Status: Single

Rafael Luiz M. Rivera

Blk 1, Brgy. Balingcanaway

Mobile No.: 0930-208-2809

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Manuel Elementary School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

 June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: January 23, 2006

Age: 17

Civil Status: Single

Aerol N. Oliverio

Blk 3, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0931-857-4205

________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Manuel Elementary School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

 June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: April 22, 2006

Age: 17

Civil Status: Single

Jhon Billy B. Castro

Blk 4, Brgy. Balingcanaway, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0963-214-8698

________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

Balingcanaway Elementary School

Blk 1, Brgy. Balingcanaway, Tarlac City

June 2011 – March 2016

 PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: March 16, 2005

Age: 18

Civil Status: Single

Alexander B. Versoza

Blk 3, Brgy. San Manuel Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0916-200-1164

________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Manuel Elementary School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

 June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: January 14, 2006

Age: 17

Civil Status: Single

Erico D. Rigor

Maligaya 2nd, Brgy. Batang-batang, Tarlac City

Mobile No.:0975-310-5081

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

Batang-batang Integrated School

Maligaya 2nd, Brgy. Batang-batang, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

Batang-batang Integrated School

Maligaya 2nd, Brgy. Batang-batang, Tarlac City

June 2012 – March 2017

 PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: April 27, 2003

Age: 20

Civil Status: Single

Rjay M. Deang

Blk 6, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0948-349-2594

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Manuel Elementary School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION
 Date of Birth: June 22, 2002

Age: 21

Civil Status: Single

Zhyrus G. Lapuz

Blk 3, Brgy. San Pascual, Tarlac City

Mobile No.: 0961-018-1387

_________________________________________
EDUCATION

Senior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

August 2022 – present

Junior High School

San Manuel High School

Blk 4, Brgy. San Manuel, Tarlac City

June 2018 – July 2022

Elementary School

San Pascual Elementary School

Brgy.San Pascual Tarlac City

June 2010 – March 2018

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: April 8, 2006

Age: 17

Civil Status: Single