ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

IN JAMMU & KASHMIR

 Introduction
Every year 05 June is celebrated as world
Environment Day
Environmental degradation is mostly a result of human activities such as
deforestation, vehicular pollution, and industrialization, which has led to
environmental pollution and loss of biodiversity.

J&K
• Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is facing environmental challenges from last
few decades
• The constitution of India the environmental protection is laid down in Directive
Principles by assigning the duties of State and all its citizens though Article 48A
and 51A to protract and improve the natural environment
 Overview

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN JAMMU

AND KASHMIR
 MAJAR ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE

 Alarming pollution,

Disappearing water bodies, and

Receding glaciers
.

Deforestation
14,000 hectares of forest area has been encroached
The forested area in J&K is just 10.46% NOW!!!

DUE TO : Increasing requirement for housing and infrastructure and the

rise in industrial development

EFFECT : soil erosion and floods

 Shrinking of Water Bodies

Dal Lake is estimated to have shrunk from 2,547 hectares in 1971 to 1,620
hectares in 2008.
According to a report by Wetland International South Asia (WISA), Wular
Lake has shrunk by 45%.
The water-holding capacity of the lakes in Kashmir is reducing.

EFFECT : water shortage and affect the generation of hydroelectricity.

 Melting of Glaciers
More than 1200 glaciers in the Himalayan region were melting at the rate of 35
cm in thickness, each year, from 2000 to 2012.
AFFECT : food,
water, and
energy sectors in the region.
CAUSE : Emission of greenhouse gases and use of fossil fuels have led to
increasing temperatures and reducing snow precipitation, resulting in the melting
of Himalayan glaciers.
 Climate Change
In the last 100 years, the temperature rise in Jammu and Kashmir has been 1.2-
degree Celsius, which is more than the world average.

Global warming in J&K has led to a change in snowfall patterns and warmer
winters,

AFFECT : ecosystem at large

 CORROSION
Corrosion is the process of slowly eating up metals by gas and water
vapors present in the atmosphere due to the formation of certain
compounds like oxide, sulphides, carbonate, etc.

EX : Rust: Corrosion of iron is known as rusting.

Loss of corrosion
Lakhs of crores of rupees are lost every year due
corrosion .

India loses around 5-7 per cent of its Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) due to corrosion .
 .

Overall economic loss due to corrosion

divided into two

Direct loss
Indirect loss
Direct loss

Material cost
Maintenance cost
Over – design
Cost of repairing the structure
Indirect loss

It cannot be measured in terms of cost

of metal and materials

Losses can not be replaced by money

Examples of indirect loss
.

Plant shutdown and loss of Contamination of products Loss of valuable products due
production to leakage .
Factors that affect the rate of corrosion
.

Temperature Oxygen Humidity

Chemicals and
Chemical salts
airborne gases
Methods to control corrosion
.

Material Protective Alteration of

selection coatings environment

Reduce the
Design of
activity of
structures
electrolyte
 Electric current
The rate of flow of charge in a circuit is called electric
current. In other words, it is the amount of charge flowing
per second.
APPLICATIONS : Almost all the appliances in industries
such as computers, electronic and communication fields
such as antennas, mobile phones all these kinds of
appliances work on electricity. Our daily life such as public
transport systems, personal computers, water heaters all
works on electricity.
.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ,

• Heating Effect

• Magnetic Effect

• Chemical Effect
 HEATING EFFECT

When an electric current is allowed to flow

through a high resistance wire, such as
nichrome wire, the conductor heats up and
produces heat.
 Magnetic Effect
Magnetic effect of electric current is one of the major
effects of electric current in use, without the
applications of which we cannot have motors in the
existing world
Chemical effect

The passage of an electric current through

a conducting solution causes chemical
reactions.
 Heating effect used in J&K
During winters , people there will be using heaters to keep
themselves warm
Heaters is one of the example of heating effect of electric
current
Other examples are
Kettles
Toaster
Magnetic effect used in J&K
In temples and people like hawkers uses loudspeakers
Other example :
Generators
Speedometers
Microphones
Chemical effect of electric current in
J&K
Jewelry shop owners uses electroplating method for
polishing their jewel

Electroplating method in large scale

OTHER EFFECT IN JUMMU AND KASHMIR

Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Loss of Biodiversity
Decrease in Farmlands….
 Conclusion
If natives and tourists act responsibly towards the environment and
strike a balance between economic growth and environmental
protection, Jammu and Kashmir will stay beautiful, befitting its
nickname, Paradise on Earth.

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