NSG 101 Module

COURSE OUTLINE
NSG 101 – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE
DURATION TOPICS
 Introduction to Fundamentals of Nursing Practice

Week 1  The Roles and Functions of the Nurse
 Nursing Theories and Conceptual Frameworks
 Self – Testing Activity 1
 The concepts of Man and His Basic Needs
 The concepts of Health and Illness
Week 2– 3  The proper procedure of Medical Hand washing
 Self- Testing Activity 3
 Health Promotion
 The Steps Nursing Process
Week 4 – 6  The Communication in Nursing
 Commonly Used Abbreviations
 The Assessing Health
 Cleansing Bed Bath
 Shampoo in Bed
Week 7-10  Patient Oral Care
 Foot and Toenail Care
 External Douche
 Application of Heat and Cold
Week 11-13  Discuss the Back Massage
 Giving Sitz Bath
 Self-Testing Activity 8
 Catheterization
 Surgical Hand Scrub
 Donning and Removing Sterile Gloves
Week 14-18  Range of Motion(ROM)
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RULES AND REGULATION OF ONLINE CLASSES
For us to employ order in the virtual classroom, the following Online Rules and
Regulations should be strictly observed by everybody I the class.
1. Be on time. Log in to teleconferencing app 10 minutes before the virtual class will
start. Because of this the class may start n time and avoid wasting time while
waiting for others.
2. The module is the support system of the online class. Please prepare your
module and pen for note-taking whenever you are attending virtual classes.
3. Be attentive and participative. Be part f the class interaction. Your participation is

highly appreciated to this class effective and worthwhile.
4. Sit properly and focused on class discussion by the teacher.
5. Show respect to your teacher and classmate I the virtual classroom. Mute your
microphone to avoid disturbance to others. Unmute your microphone when you
are called to participate or told to do so.
6. No eating, taking and other activities when you attend virtual classes. Remember
this is a formal online platform for everybody.
7. Wear decent clothes. Since this is a class, wearing of sando, sleeveless shirts,
lewd attire and the like are not encouraged. You may wear school shirts such as
PE shirts and Departmental uniforms. You may also be in school uniform if you
wish to look pleasing.
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CHAPTER 1
WEEK 1 LESSONS
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the topic, the learner must:
1. To be able to define the terms of nursing.
2. To be able to know the roles of the Professional Nurse.
3. To be able to know the different theories related to the practice of nursing.
Definition of Nursing:
1. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
according to Florence Nightingale.
2. The unique function of the nurse is to assist he individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to the health or its recovery ( or to
peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength,
will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence
a rapidly as possible according to Virginia Anderson.
3. A unique profession in that it is concerned with all of the variables affecting an
individual’s response to stressors, which are intra-, inter and extra personal in
nature according to Betty Neuman.
Roles of the Professional Nurse:
1. Care Provider- The nursing attendant supports the client by attitudes and
actions that show concern for client welfare and acceptance of the client as a
person.
2. Communicator/Helper- The nursing attendant communicates with clients,
support persons and colleagues to facilitate all nursing actions.
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3. Teacher- The nursing attendant provides health teaching to effect behavior
change which focuses on acquiring new knowledge or technical skills. This role
gives emphasis on health promotion and health maintenance.
4. Counselor- The nursing attendant helps the client to recognize and cope with
stressful psychologic or social problems to develop improved personal
relationships and to promote personal growth. This role includes providing
emotional, intellectual and psychologic support.
5. Client Advocate- The nursing attendant promotes what is best for the client
ensures that the clients need are met, and protects the clients rights.
6. Change Agent- The nursing attendant initiates changes and assists the client
make modification in the life style to promote health. This role involves identifying
the problem, assessing the clients motivations and capacities for change,
determining alternatives, exploring the possible outcomes of the alternatives,
assessing resources, determining appropriate helping roles, establishing and
maintaining a helping relationship, recognizing phases of the change process
and guiding the client through these phase.
7. Researcher- The nursing attendant participates in scientific investigation and
uses research findings in practice. The nursing attendant helps develop
knowledge about health and the promotion of health over the full life span, care
of person with health problems and disabilities and nursing actions to enhance
people’s ability to respond effectively to actual or potential health problems.
Nursing Theories and Conceptual Frameworks:
Nursing Theories
1. Florence Nightingale(mid-1800’s) - Developed and described the first theory of

nursing. She focused on changing and manipulating the environment in order to
put the patient in the best possible conditions or nature to act.
She believed that in the nurturing environment, the body could repair itself.
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2. Faye Abdellah(1960) - Identified twenty-one nursing problems. She defined
nursing as service to individual and families, therefore to society. Furthermore
she conceptualized nursing as an art and science that molds the attitudes,
intellectual competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the
desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.
3. Virginia Henderson (1960) – Identified fourteen basic needs. She postulated
that the unique function of the nurse is to assist client’s, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health, it’s recovery, or peaceful
death that client’s would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will
or knowledge.
4. Dorothy E. Johnson (1960-1980)-Conceptualized the behavior system model.
According to Johnson each person as a behavioral system is composed of seven
subsystem manelyingestive, eliminative, affiliative, aggressive, dependence,
achievement and sexual. In addition she viewed that each person strives to
achieve balance and stability both internally and externally and to function
effectively by adjusting and adapting to environment forces through learned
patterns of response.
5. Erikson (1964)- Theory on the development of virtues or unifying strengths of
the good man suggests that moral development continues throughout life. He
believed that if the conflicts of each psychosocial developmental stage are
favorably resolved, then an ego-strength or virtue emerges.
6. Dorothea Orem (1970-1985)- Develop the self-care and self-care deficit theory.
She defined self-care as the practice of activities that individuals initiate and
perform on their behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being.
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Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.1
Multiple Choice- Select the single best answer for each of the following questions.
Write the letter only.
1. The four concepts common to nursing that appear in each of the current
conceptual models are:
a. Person, nursing, environment, medicine
b. Person, health, nursing, support system
c. Person, environment, health, nursing
d. Person, environment, psychology, nursing
2. Florence Nightingale conceptualizes that nursing is:
a. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
b. Assisting the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery or to peaceful death.
c. A humanistic science dedicated to compassionate concern with maintaining
and promoting health, preventing illness and rehabilitating the sick or disabled
d. A unique profession in that it is concerned with all the variables affecting an
individual’s response to stressors.
3. Which of the following nursing theorist conceptualizes that all person strive to
achieve self-care:
a. Sister Callista Roy
b. Dorothea Orem
c. Dorothy Johnson
d. Jean Watson
4. The care giver role of the nursing attendant emphasizes:
a. Implementing nursing care measures
b. Providing direct nursing care
c. Recognition of needs of client’s
d. Observation of the client’s responses to illness
5. The nurse takes the patient advocate role when she:
a. Defends the rights of the patient
b. Intercedes on behalf of the patient
c. Refers the patient to other services
d. Works with the significant others
6. The collaborative role of the nurse is best demonstrated when she:
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a. Plans nursing care with patient
b. Works together with the health team
c. Initiates nursing action with co-workers
d. Speaks in behalf of her patient.
7. She identified twenty- one nursing problems. She defined nursing as services to
individuals and families therefore to society:
a. Faye Abdellah
b. Dorothy Johnsons
c. Virginia Henderson
d. Imogene King
8. The nursing attendant supports the client’s by attitudes and actions that show
concern for client welfare and acceptance of the client as a person:
a. Communicator/ Helper
b. Care provider
c. Teacher
d. Researcher
9. The nursing attendant provides health teaching to affect behavior change which
focuses on acquiring new knowledge or technical skills.
a. Teacher
b. Care provider
c. Communicator/Helper
d. Researcher
10. The nursing attendant promotes what is best for client ensures that the clients
needs are met and protects the clients rights.
a. Client advocate
b. Researcher
c. Change agent
d. Counselor
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CHAPTER 2 - 3
Week 2-3 Lesson
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To be able to identify the Concepts of Man and His Basic Needs.
2. To be able to it is primary consideration to understand man.
The 4 Major Attributes of Human Being
1. The capacity to think or conceptualized on identify the concepts of Health and

Illness.
2. To be able to identify and perform the proper procedure of Medical Hand

washing.
Concepts of Man and His Basic Needs
1. The concept of man forms the first foundation component of nursing. To be able
to provide individualized, holistic and quality nursing care, the abstract level.
2. Family formation.
3. The tendency to seek and maintain a territory.
4. The ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and
maintaining culture.
Nursing Concepts of Man
1. Man is a Biopsychosocial and Spiritual being who is in constant contact with the
environment.
2. Man is an Open System in constant interaction with changing environment.
3. Man is a unified whole composed of parts which are interdependent and
interrelated with each other.
4. Man is composed of parts which are greater than and different from the sum of
all his parts.
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5. Man is composed of subsystems and suprasystems.
6. Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and
desirous of health but passive in terms of influencing the environment or nurse.
7. Man is a whole complete and independent being who has 14 fundamental needs
to:
 Breath Keep clean
 Eat and drink avoid danger
 Eliminate communicate
 Move and maintain posture worship
 Sleep and rest work
 Dress and undress play
 Maintain body temperature learn
The Basic Human Needs
 Each individual has unique characteristic, but certain needs are common to all
people.
 A need is something that is desirable, useful or necessary.
 Human needs are physiologic or psychologic conditions that an individual must
meet to achieve a state of health or well- being.
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Maslow Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
Characteristic of Basic Human Needs
 Needs are universal.

 Needs maybe met in different ways.
 Needs may be stimulated by external and internal factors.
 Priorities may be altered.
 Needs may be deferred.
 Needs are interrelated.
Maslow’s Characteristics of a Self- Actualized Person
 Is realistic, sees life clearly, and is objective about his or her observations.
 Judges people correctly.
 Has superior perception, is more decisive.
 Has clear notion to what is right or wrong.
 Is usually accurate in predicting future events.
 Understand art, music, politics, and philosophy.
 Possesses humility, listens to others carefully.
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 Is dedicated to some work, task, duty, or vocation.
Concepts of Health and Illness
Health- is state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO)
Wellness and Well- Being
 Wellness is well-being. It involves engaging in attitudes and behavior that

enhance quality of life and maximize personal potential.
 Wellness is a choice.
 Wellness is a way of life.
Concepts Related to Health and Illness
1. Stress- is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it.
Statement on stress:
1. Stress is not a nervous energy.

2. Man, whenever he encounters stress, he tends to adapt to it.
3. Stress is not always something to be avoided.
4. Stress does not always lead to distress.
5. A single stress does not cause a disease.
6. Stress may lead to another stress.
7. A stress, whenever prolonged or intense may lead to exhaustion.
8. Stress is always a part of the fabric of daily life.
2. Adaption- the adjustment that a person makes in different situations.
Types of Adaptation
1. General Adaptation Syndrome( GAS)

-Man whenever he responds to stress, the entire body is involved.
Stages of GAS:
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1. Stage of Alarm- the person becomes aware of the presence of threat or danger.
2. Stage of Resistance- Characterized by adaptation. Levels of resistance are
increased. The person moves back to homeostasis.
3. Stage of Exhaustion- results from prolonged exposure to stress and adaptive
mechanism can no longer persist.
2. Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)

 Man may respond stress through a particular body part or body organ.
3. Homeostasis
 A state of dynamic equilibrium, stability, balance, constancy, uniformity.
Medical Handwashing
 Handwashing- is without a doubt, the most effective way to help prevent the
spread of microorganism. It is the most important procedure in preventing
nosocomial, or hospital- acquired infections. Effective handwashing requires at
least a 20- second’s vigorous washing with plain soap or disinfectant and running
water. Hands that are visibly soiled needed a longer wash or a repetition of the
procedure.
Equipment:
 Liquid or bar soap sink with running water

 Towel( paper or cloth) trash can/ waste bin
 Lotion (optional)
Definition of Terms:
Nosocomial Infection- infections that patient or residents get while receiving treatment
in a hospital or other healthcare facility.
Medical Asepsis- techniques that are used to physically remove or kill pathogen.
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Transient Flora- microbes that are picked up by touching contaminated objects or
people who have an infectious disease.
Contaminated- adjective used to describe an object that is soiled by pathogens.
Procedure:
Action Rationale
1. Stand in front of the sink. Do not The sink is considered contaminated

Allow your uniform to touch the sink uniforms may carry organism from
During the washing procedure. place to place.
2. Remove your jewelries ( a plain wedding Removal of jewelries facilitates proper
Band does not have to removed) cleansing. Microorganism may accu-
mulate in settings of jewelry.
3. Turn on water and adjust force. Water splashed from the conta-
minated sink will contaminated your
uniform.
4. Wet the hands from wrist area Water should flow from the cleaner
Pointing fingers toward the area toward the more contaminated
Bottom of the sink area. Hands are more contaminated
than forearms.
5. Use bar soap or liquid soap lather Rinsing the soap removes the lather
Thoroughly with bar soap. Rinse that may contain microorganism.
The bar soap and return to soap
Dish.
6. With firm rubbing and circular Friction caused by firm rubbing and
Motions, wash the palms and back circular motions helps to loosen dirt
Of the hands, each finger, the areas and organisms that can lodge bet-
Between the fingers, the knuckles ween fingers in skin crevices of
Wrist and forearms. Wash up the knuckles on palms and back of the
Forearms at least as high as hands, as well as the wrist and
Contamination is likely to be forearms.
Present.
7. Continue this friction motion for 10 Length of handwashing is deter-
to 20 seconds. mined by degree of contamination.
8. Use brush or fingernails of the other Organisms can lodge and remain
Hand to clean under fingernails of the under the nails where they can
other hand. Grow and be spread to others.
9. Rinse thoroughly. Visually inspect Running water rinses organisms and
For remaining dirt or soap. dirt into the sink.
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10. Dry hands and wrist with towel. Drying the skin well prevents chapping
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No. 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the single best answer to each of the following
questions. Write the letter only.
1. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a basic

physiologic need after oxygen?
a. Water
b. Freedom from infection
c. Love and belongingness
d. Self-esteem
2. The following are characteristic of basic human needs EXCEPT:
a. Priorities are uniform to all individuals
b. Needs may be met in different ways
c. Needs are interrelated
d. Needs may be deferred
3. Which of the following needs is considered by the nurse when she implements
reverse isolation for the client with leukemia.
a. Physiologic need
b. Safety and security
c. Love and belongings
d. Self-esteem
4. Mrs. Ara Mina, diagnosed with cancer of the breast, is scheduled to undergo
chemotherapy. How should the nurse deal with the topic of hair loss with the
client.
a. Discuss about hair loss as it occurs
b. Provide reading material about chemotherapy
c. Acknowledge that hair loss may be a difficult side effect and explore the
patient’s feelings about this.
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d. Give the patient information about head scarf, hats or wigs.
5. Which aspect of man’s nature is demonstrated by making a choice of therapeutic
regimen reluctantly.
a. Limited and unlimited nature
b. Mature nature with core of immaturity
c. A creature of contradictions
d. Rational and logical yet irrational at time
IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is ask, Write your answer correct
____________6. A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and

not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
____________7. It is involves engaging in attitudes and behavior that enhance
quality of life and maximize personal potential.
____________8. The nonspecific response of the body to any demand made
upon it.
____________9. A state of dynamic equilibrium, stability, balance, constancy,
uniformity.
____________10. It is a respond to stress through a particular body part or body
organ
PERFORMANCE CHECKLIST
MEDICAL HANDWASHING
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.3
Legend: 5- Excellent, 4- Very good, 3- Good, 2-Fair, 1-Poor
5 4 3 2 1
1. Checks for completeness of supply.
2. Removes all pieces of jewelry.
3. Stands before the sink, keeping body away
from it.
4. Turn on the faucet and adjust the pressure
using the hand/foot/elbow control.
5. Holds hands above your elbows, wet the
skin from elbow to fingertips.
6. Wets the soap and rub it into your palms
and works up to lather.
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7. Using the Circular strokes, rub all skin
surfaces of the:
 Palm to palm
 Back of the hand and vise versa
 Interlacing
 In-between of the fingers with a
circular strokes, start at the thumb.
 Fingertips
 Knuckles to knuckles
 Wrist down to elbow
8. Rinses the soap from your skin, allowing
the water to run from your fingertips to
elbows.
Note: Avoid touching the surface of the sink.
9. Get the tissue paper to turn off the faucet

and discard it.
10. Get the sterile hand towel by using of your
index finger and dries each hands and arm
with opposite ends of sterile towel, working
from the fingertips toward the elbow.
11. Discard the hand towel properly.
12. Use 70% of Isopropyl Alcohol to rub it into
your palm.
13. Keeps your hands above waist at all times.
Remarks:
Criteria: I. Knowledge - 30%

II. Performance -70%
100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

Student Printed Name and Signature
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________________________________ Date: ___________
Instructor Printed Name and Signature
CHAPTER 4-6
Week 4-6 Lesson
1. To be able to identify the Health Promotion

2. To be able to identify the Steps Nursing Process
3. To be able to identify the Communication in Nursing
4. To be able to identify and Memorized the Commonly Used Abbreviations
HEALTH PROMOTION
Are activities directed toward increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization.
 Includes efforts to assist individuals in taking control of and responsibility for their
health risk and ultimately improve quality of life.
 Encompasses activities to improve the health of those who are not initially
healthy as well as the healthy individuals.
 Includes individual and community activities to promote healthful lifestyles.
 Involves the principles of self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, stress
reduction and management and physical fitness.
3 Levels of Prevention:
1. Primary Prevention- To encourage optimal health and to increase the person

resistance to illness.
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 Health promotion
 Specific protection
2. Secondary Prevention- It is also known as health maintenance.
 Early diagnosis/detection/screening.
 Prompt treatment to limit disability.
3. Tertiary Prevention- To support the client’s achievement of successful adaptation
to known risks, optimal reconstitution, and/or establishment of high-level
wellness.
Behaviors Associated with the levels of Prevention:
1. Primary Prevention
 Quit smoking
 Avoid/limit alcohol intake
 Exercise regularly
 Eat well-balanced diet
 Reduce fat and increase fiber in diet
 Take adequate fluids
 Avoid over exposure to sunlight
 Maintain ideal body weight
 Complete Immunization program
 Wear hazard devices in work site
2. Secondary Prevention
 Have annual physical exam
 Regular Paps test for women
 Sputum exam for Tuberculosis
3. Tertiary Prevention
 Self-monitoring of blood glucose among diabetics
 Physical Therapy after CVA
 Participate in Cardiac Rehabilitation after MI
 Attend self-management education for diabetes
TYPES OF HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS:
1. Information Dissemination
 Use of variety of media to offer information to the public about the
particular lifestyle choices and personal behavior, the benefits of changing
that behavior and the improving the quality of life.
2. Health Appraisal Wellness Assessment Programs
 Appraise individuals of their risk factors that are inherent in their lives in
order to motivate them to reduce specific risk develop positive health
habits.
3. Life-Style Behavior Change Programs
 Basis for changing health behavior
4. Worksite Wellness Programs
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 Include programs that serve the needs of persons in their workplace.
5. Environmental Control Programs
 Developed to address the growing problem of environment pollution- air,
land, water.
COMMUNICATION in NURSING
Communication- is a basic component of human relationships and nurse-client

relationships.
Modes of Communication:
-Verbal Communication- uses spoken or written words.

-Nonverbal Communication- uses gestures, facial expressions, posture/gait, body
movements, physical appearance (also body language)
CHARACTERISTICS of GOOD COMMUNICATION:
1. Simplicity – includes use commonly understood word, brevity and completeness.

2. Clarity- involves saying exactly what is meant. The nurse also needs to speak
slowly and enunciate words well. Repeat the message as needed. Reduce
distractions.
3. Timing and Relevance - requires choice of appropriate time and consideration of
the client’s interests and concerns. Ask one question at a time. Wait for an
answer before making another comment.
4. Adaptability – involves adjustment on what the nurse says and how it said
depending on moods and behavior of the client.
5. Credibility – means worthiness of belief. To become credible, the nurse requires
adequate knowledge about the topic being discussed. The nurse should be able
to provide accurate information, to convey confidence and certainly in what she
says.
Sender Message Receiver

(Encoder) (Decoder)
Response (Feedback)
 Nonverbal Communication- is a more accurate expression of a person’s

thought and feelings than verbal communication.
 When assessing nonverbal behaviors, consider cultural influences.

Variety of feelings can be expressed by a single non-verbal expression.
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 Effective communication is a reciprocal interaction (two-way process)
based on trust and aimed at identifying client needs and developing
mutual goals.
 Trust is the foundation of a positive nurse-client relationship. It develops
gradually as the client perceives an attitude of acceptance, understanding,
and empathy from the nurse.
 Covert Communication- represents inner feelings that a person may be
uncomfortable talking about. Such communication may be revealed
through non-verbal modes. Validation is attempt to confirm the observer’s
perceptions through feedback, interpretation and classification.
 Therapeutic Communication- is a fundamental component in all phases
of the nursing process.
Techniques for Therapeutic Communication are as follows:
1. Attentive listening
2. clarifying
3. using open-ended questions/ statements
4. focusing
5. being specific
6. using touch and silence
7. offering self
8. clarifying reality, time or sequence
9. acknowledging
10. providing generals lead
11. giving information
12. summarizing
Techniques that block communication are as follows:

1. unwarranted reassurance
2. agreeing /disagreeing
3. giving common advice
4. being defensive
5. posing judgment
6. challenging
7. testing
8. rejecting
COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Latin English
a.c ante cibum before meals
ad.lib Adlibitum as desired
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ADL activities of daily living
ax. Axillary
Bid bis in die Twice a day
b.m.r basal metabolic rate
BP. Blood pressure
c.c. Cum With
Gtt Gutta Drop
Cap Capsula Capsule
Hs hora somni hours sleep
IM intramuscular
IV Intravwenous
Mcgtt Microdrip
Od omni die once a day
OD oculus dexter right eye
o.m omni mane every morning
OS oculus sinister left eye
OU oculus uterque both eyes
p.c post cibum after meals
p.o per orem by mouth
p.r.n pro re nata as necessary
q.h quaque hora every hour
q.i.d quarter in die four times a day
s.s Sine Without
s.c sub cutem subcutaneously
ss. Semis one-half

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stat. Statim immediately
tid. ter in die three times a day
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No. 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the best
answer.
1. The most basic goal of health promotion is:
a. Absence of disease
b. Wellness/ well-being
c. No illness
d. Be healthy
2. The most basic Nursing intervention in health promotion is:
a. Health information, communication and education
b. Screening and case finding activities
c. Behavior modification for healthy living
d. Community organization for health action
3. Illness prevention activities are designed to help clients to:
a. Manage stressful events
b. Identify danger signals of disease
c. Reduce risk factors of specific disease
d. Change habits affecting health
4. The primary purpose of health education is:
a. To assess people’s reaction to health services currently implemented
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b. To inform the public of the available health programs and services
c. To provide information on health promotion
d. To facilitate change in attitudes and behavior towards health.
5. Which of the following is true in health promotion?
a. Health behavior cannot be modified
b. The end product of learning is output
c. One’s response is the key to behavior change
d. A person’s behavior is not under conscious control
6. Which communication skill is most effective in dealing with covert
communication?
a. Validation
b. Listening
c. Evaluation
d. Clarification
7. The most important characteristic of effective nurse patient relationship is that:
a. It is growth-facilitating
b. It is based on mutual understanding
c. It foster hope and confidence
d. It involves primarily emotional bond
8. Therapeutic communication begins with:

a. Giving initial care
b. Showing sympathy
c. Interacting with patient
d. Knowing your patient
ABBREVIATION- Give the meaning of the following Abbreviations.
9. tid.
10. ADL
11. IM
12. IV
13. a.c
14. mcgtt
15. p.r.n.
16. q.i.d
17. bid.
18. gtt
19. OD
20. p.o
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CHAPTER 7-10
Week 7-10 Lesson
1. To be able to identify and perform the Assessing Health
2. To be able to identify and perform the Cleansing Bed Bath
3. To be able to identify and perform the Shampoo in Bed
4. To be able to identify and perform the Patient Oral Care
5. To be able to identify and perform the Foot and Toenail Care
Assessing Vital Signs
 The vital or cardinal signs are body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood
pressure give some indication of state of health of an individual. They
represent interrelated physiologic system of the body.
A. TEMPERATURE
 It is the difference between heat produced and heat lost by the body and is
measured through the use of a thermometer.
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2 TYPES OF BODY TEMPERATURE
1. Core Temperature- the temperature of the deep tissues of the body.
2. Surface Temperature- the temperature of the skin , subcutaneous tissue and fat.
Normal Body Temperature:
1. Axillary temperature- 36°C- 37°C

2. Oral temperature - 36°C-37.2°C
3. Rectal Temperature – 36.7°C- 37.5°C
Axillary Method
Many hospitals in the Philippines obtain patient’s temperature by the axillary method. If
the axilla has just been washed, obtaining temperature should be delayed.
 Safest and most non-invasive.
Equipment:
1. Tray containing
 Digital thermometer
 Jar of wet cotton balls with 70% alcohol
 Jar of dry cotton balls
 Waste receptacle
2. Watch with second hand
3. Jot down notebook and pen
Factors that affect the body’s heat production:
 Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - the younger the person the higher the BMR; the
older person, the lower the BMR.
 Muscle Activity - increase the metabolic rate such exercise, swimming
 Thyroxine Output – increase cellular metabolic rate chemical thermogenesis.
 Increased Temperature of the body cells (fever). Increases the rate of cellular
metabolism.
Process Involved in Heat Loss:
a. Radiation- the transfer of heat from one surface one object to the surface of
another without contact between the two objects.
b. Conduction- the transfer of heat from one surface to another. It requires
temperature difference between the two surface.
c. Convection- the dissipation of heat by air currents.
d. Evaporation- the continuous vaporization of moisture from the skin, oral
mucous, heat respiratory tract.
Factors Affecting Temperature
25
-age
-diurnal variation
-exercise
-hormones
-stress
Alteration in Body Temperature
a. Pyrexia- body temperature above the normal range,(also hyperthermia, fever)

b. Hyperpyrexia- a very high fever 40°C and above.
c. Hypothermia- subnormal core body temperature. This may be caused by
excessive heat loss, inadequate heat production or impaired hypothalamic
function.
d. Hyperthermia- exposure to excessively warm environment.
TYPES OF FEVER:
1. Intermittent Fever- the temperature fluctuates between periods of fever and

periods of normal/ subnormal temperature.
2. Remittent Fever- the temperature fluctuates within a wide range over the 24
hours period but remains above normal range.
3. Relapsing Fever- the temperature is elevated to few days, alternated with1 to 2
days of normal temperature.
4. Constant Fever- body temperature is consistently high.
 Very high body temperature 39°C- 40°C can cause irreversible brain cell
damage.
B. PULSE
- It is a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
The pulse rate is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Factors affecting Pulse Rate:
a. Age- younger person’s have higher pulse rate than the older person’s
b. Sex/Gender- after puberty, female has higher pulse rate than the males.
c. Exercise- increases metabolic rate, their by increasing the pulse rate.
d. Fever- increases metabolic rate, therefore the pulse rate increases.
e. Medications- digitalis, beta blockers decrease pulse rate
f. Hemorrhage- increases pulse rate as a compensatory mechanism for blood
loss.
g. Stress- sympathetic nervous stimulation increases the activity of the heart.
26
h. Position changes- in sitting or standing position there is decreased venous
return to the heart, decreased in BP, therefore increase in the heart rate.
Pulse Sites:
a. Temporal- over the temporal bone of the head; superior and lateral to the eye.
b. Carotid- at the lateral aspect of the neck below the earlobe.
c. Apical-at the left midclavicular line (MCL) fifth intercostals space( ICS). Use
stethoscope.
d. Brachial- at the inner aspect of the upper arm (biceps muscles) or medially at
antecubital space.
e. Radial- on the thumb side of the inner aspect of the wrist.
f. Femoral- a long side inguinal ligament.
g. Posterior Tebial- at the middle aspect of the ankle, behind the medial malleolus.
h. Pedal (dorsalis pedis)-At the dorsom of the foot.
i. Popliteal- At the back of the knee.
 Use the middle two to three fingertips to palpate the pulse. Do not use the
thumb. The normal pulse is detected readily, obliterated by strong pressure.
Normal Rate of Pulse:
Newborn to 1 mo.: 80-180 beats/min

1 year: 80-140 beats/min
2 years: 80-130 beats/min
Adult: 60-100 beats/min
 Tachycardia. Pulse rate above 100 beats/min. (adult)
 Bradycardia. Pulse rate of 60 beats/min or less (adult)
C. Respiration:
- The act of breathing.
- It is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and
body cells and is initiated by the act of breathing.
Three processes:
a) Ventilation- the movement of gases in and out of the lungs.

-Inhalation (Inspiration)
27
-Exhalation (Expiration)
b) Diffusion- the exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area
of lower pressure. It occurs at the alveolo-capillary membrane.
c) Perfusion- the availability and movement of blood for transport of gases,
nutrients and metabolic waste production.
Two Types of Breathing:
a) Costal (thoracic)- involves movements of the chest.

b) Diaphragmatic (abdominal)- involves movements of the abdomen.
Normal Rates of Respiration:
Infants - 30-40 cycle/minutes
Children - 20-25 cycle/minutes
Adult - 16-20 cycle/minutes
Major Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate:
 Exercise
 Stress
 Environment
 Medications
EUPNEA- normal respiration that is quiet, rhythmic, and effortless.
TACHYPNEA- rapid respiration marked by quick, shallow breaths.
BRADYPNEA- slow breathing
HYPERVENTILATION- prolong and deep breaths. Carbon dioxide is excessively

exhaled.
HYPOVENTILATION- slow, shallow respiratory. Carbon dioxide is excessively retained.
DYSPNEA- difficult, and labored breathing.
ORTHOPNEA- ability to breath only in upright position
D. BLOOD PRESSURE
28
Definition: Blood pressure is the lateral force exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.
Systolic Pressure- is the pressure of blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles.
Diastolic Pressure- is the pressure when the ventricles are at rest.( 60-90 mmhg)
Pulse Pressure- is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure.
(S-D= P.P) normal is 30-40 mmhg.
 The average BP of healthy adult is 120/80 mmhg.

 Hypertension- is an abnormally high blood pressure over 140mmhg systolic and/
or 90mmhg diastolic for at least two consecutive readings.
 Hypotension- is an abnormally low blood pressure, systolic pressure below
100mmhg.
Normal Ranges
1. Infant- 50/40-80/50mmhg
2. Children- 80/40-110/60mmhg
3. Adult- 110/70-130/90mmhg
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
 Age
 Exercise
 Stress
 Race
 Obesity
 Medications
 Sex/Gender
Assessing Blood Pressure
a. Ensure that the client is rested.

b. Allow 30 minutes to pass if the client had smoke or ingested caffeine before
taking BP.
c. Use appropriate size of BP cuff.
d. Position the patient in sitting or supine position.
e. Position the arm at the level of the heart, with the palm of the hand facing up.
f. Apply BP cuff snugly, 1in. above the antecubital space.
g. Determine palpatory BP before auscultatory BP to prevent auscultatory gap.
h. Use the bell-shaped diaphragm of the stethoscope since the blood pressure is a
low-frequency sound.
i. Inflate and deflate BP cuff slowly, 2-3 mmhg at a time.
j. Wait 1-2 minutes before making further determinations.
29
 The sound heard during BP taking is KOROTKOFF sound.
PHYSICAL HEALTH EXAMINATION
 Conducted from the head to the toes (cephalo-caudal technique). Skin, hair,
nails, head, face, ears, eyes, nose, sinuses, mouth, throat, neck, breast, and
axillae, thorax/back, heart and peripheral vessels, upper extremities,
abdomen ,anus, and rectum, genetals, lower extremities.
 Protect the client privacy during the entire procedure.
 Prepare the needed articles and equipment.
MODES OF EXAMINATION:
1. Inspection- assessing by using the sense of sight.

2. Palpation- examining the body using the sense of touch. Use the fatpads of the
fingers.
3. Percussion- tapping body parts to produce sounds.
4. Auscultation- listening to body sounds with the use of stethoscope.
POSITIONS:
1. Dorsal Recumbent- back-lying position with knees flexed and hips externally
rotated.
2. Horizontal Recumbent- back-lying position with legs extended, small pillow under
the head.
3. Dorsal/ Supine- back-lying position without pillow.
4. Sitting or seated position- back unsupported and legs hanging freely.
5. Lithotomy- back-lying position with feet supported in stirrups.
6. Knee- chest- kneeling position with torso at a 90 degree angle to hips.
7. Sim’s – side-lying position
8. Prone- face-lying position with the head turned to side.
Checking Vital Signs
Name: Date:
30
Course: Score
Assessment No.5
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Wash your hands.
2. Explains procedure and elicits
cooperation.
3. Prepares equipment. Oak the
thermometer to the solution 70% Isopropyl
alcohol.
4. Pats axilla dry using bathroom tissue.
Places patients arm across chest.
5. Leave thermometer in place 1 full minute
until it will sounds.
6. Removes, wipes from stem towards bulb
with tissue paper.
7. Reads at eye level
8. Cleans the thermometer.
9. Records the temperature in a jotdown
notebook.
10. Reports to the CI any unusualities.
11. Wash your hands.
12. Records correctly temperature on graphic
chart.
RADIAL PULSE
1. Wear watch with sweep second hand.
2. Explains procedure and elicits
cooperation.
3. Places patient on next to body with palm
downward.
4. Places first three fingers against radial
artery.
5. Gentle feels the pulse.
6. Counts for 1 full minute the pulse rate.
7. Refers any unusualities to clinical
instructors
8. Records and notes unusualities in rate,
rhythm and depth in the patient chart.
RESPIRATORY
31
1. With finger steel in place after taking radial
pulse, notes rise and fall of patient chest
upon respiration.
2. Counts for 1 full minute.
3. Refers to clinical instructor for any
unusualities.
4. Records and notes any unusual
characteristics.
BLOOB PRESSURE
1. Washes hands and gather equipment.
2. Explain procedure to patient.
3. Positions the patient and apply BP cuff.
4. Places stethoscope earpieces into ears
and feels for a strong pulsation on the side
with use of the fingertips.
5. Position the bell of stethoscope on the
proper site with the earpieces into her/his
ears.
6. Pumps the bulb on the manometer until
the mercury rises to approximately 20 mm
Hg above the point where the systolic
method is noted.
7. Releases the air gradually with the use of
the valve of the bulb. Take note on the
manometer the point where the first
distinct loud sound was heard.
8. Continues to release air gradually and
listens for the last distinct loud sound.
9. Removes the cuff and makes patient
comfortable.
10. Records the result in the sheet.
11. Maintains body mechanics throughout the
performance of the procedures.
12. Manifest neatness in the performed
procedure.
13. Receptive the criticism.
14. Observe courtesy.
15. Shows calmness while performing the
procedure.
16. Shows mastery of the procedure.
Remarks:
32
Criteria I. Knowledge - 30%
100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

CLEANSING BED BATH
- A bath given to weak and bedridden patients.
Purposes:
1. To cleanse the body.

2. To refresh the patient.
3. To stimulate circulation.
4. To exercise muscles and joints.
5. To provide tacticle stimulation
6. To promote comfort and relaxation.
7. To improve self-concept.
8. To facilitate head-to-toe assessment.
General Instructions:
1. Ensure privacy. If in the ward, the bed should be screened; in the private room
the windows should be adjusted.
2. In the ward the bed should be screened to ensure privacy.
33
3. Bed bath should be given one hour before meals or one hour after meals.
4. Always have everything ready before giving the bath.
5. If the patient is quite weak all assistance should be given to free the patient from
exertion.
6. Children should never be left alone while bath is going on.
7. Unnecessary exposure or chilling must be avoided.
8. Special attention must be given to regions behind the ears, axillae, umbilicus, the
pubis, groins, spaces between fingers and toes and areas where to skin surfaces
come in contact.
9. During the bath, the patient must be observed objective signs such as rashes,
swelling, discoloration, pressure scores, discharges, abrasions, lice, burns, etc.
The findings should be recorded in the nurses notes and reported to the charge
nurse if they seem important.
10. All treatment such as enema, douches or preparation for fields of operation
should be done before the bath so that the patient will remain clean and
undisturbed afterwards.
11. The nurse may usually work quickly but it should be in a quiet soothing and
unhurried fashion. Strokes should be smooth and firm and ends of the wash cloth
should not be allowed to dangle.
Cleansing Bed Bath
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.6
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Review patient chart.
2. Identifies, explains, and assess the patient.
3. Wash hands and brings the necessary
equipment.
4. Provide privacy.
5. Don gloves.
6. Offers the bed pan or urinal.
7. Changes working gloves.
34
8. Raises the bed to a convenient working
height.
9. Assist the patient to the side of the bed.
10. Places the bath blanket over the patient.
11. Assists in oral hygiene (or may perform after
the bath is through.)
12. Removes the patient gown.
13. Fills the basin with sufficient warm water
(40-45°C).
14. Checks the water temperature.
15. Places the towels appropriately.
16. Makes a mitt and washes the farther eye.
17. Turns the mitt and washes the other eye.
18. Asks the patient preferences whether to use
soap on the face.
19. Washes and dry the face, neck and ears.
20. Exposes the patient far arm and places the
towel lengthwise under it.
21. Soaps, rinses and dry and cover the arm
and axilla.
22. Soaps rinse and dry the hand.
23. Changes the water as often as necessary.
24. Does the same to the nearer arm.
25. Spreads the towel across the patient chest
while lowering the blanket to the umbilical
area.
26. Soaps, rinses and dry the chest.
27. Soaps, rinses and dry the patient’s
abdomen and the umbilical area.
28. Soaps, rinses and dry the farther leg.
29. Does the same to the near leg.
30. Washes and dry the feet one at time.
31. Changes washcloth and bath towel.
32. Refill the basin with clean water.
33. Assist or does the perineal care for the
patient.
34. Discards washcloth.
35. Assists the patient to his side or prone
position.
36. Lays the towel correctly on bed.
37. Soaps, rinses and dry the back and the
buttocks.
38. Does the back rub correctly?
39. Helps the patient to put on a new gown.
40. Combs the hair properly.
35
41. Removes the towel from under patient head.
42. Assist the patient in trimming or cleaning the
nails and toe nails if necessary.
43. Changes the bed linens following the
procedure in making an occupied bed.
44. Does the after care of equipment.
45. Washes his hands.
46. Documents all the observations on the
nurse’s notes.
47. Reports to the nurse-on-duty for any
pertinent observations.
48. Maintains body mechanics.
procedure.
50. Provides patient privacy throughout the
procedure
51. Receptive to criticism.
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

36
SHAMPOO IN BED
Hair accumulates the same dirt and oil as the skin. It should be washed as often as
necessary to keep it clean. A weekly shampoo may be sufficient for some persons
whereas others may prefer to perform this aspect of personal hygiene daily. The nurse
may need to shampoo the hair of those patients who cannot get out of bed for bathing
and showering or who lack the strength or ability to independently care for their hair.
Definition: Washing of the hair with the use of shampoo or bath soap as often as
necessary to keep clean.
Purposes:
1. To cleanse the hair and scalp

2. To maintain or improved self-esteem
3. To treat conditions of the scalp with topical applications of medications.
4. To remove substances such as blood, body secretions, or electrode jelly.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Examine the hair, note its distribution, cleanliness, texture and any indications of
parasitic infections, such as the nits of head lice on the hair shaft.
2. Inspect the scalp for lacerations, dry scaly patches, scratches, lesions, and
swollen areas.
3. Observe the patient for signs of any itchiness of the scalp, such as scratching the
head.
4. Note signs of dandruff on the shoulders and back of clothing.
5. Determine if the patient is receiving toxic chemotherapy or radiation treatment
that may cause loss of hair.
6. Read the patient medical record to determine if the patient has any pathology,
such as hypothyroidism, or is receiving long-term steroid therapy that may alter
the texture and distribution of hair.
7. Identify if there are any sensory, cognitive, endurance, mobility, or motivational
deficits that interfere with the patient’s ability to perform hygienic practices.
8. Ask the patient to describe the usual routine for shampooing including the
frequency and types of hair care products routinely.
9. Inquire if the patient experienced any itching, burning, or tenderness of the scalp.
10. Note the patient’s history of hair or scalp problems and related treatments.
37
Shampoo in Bed
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.7
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Explain the procedure to the patient.
2. Inspects the hair and the scalp.
3. Assembles equipment.
4. Raises the bed to a working height.
5. Lowers the nearer side rail and instructs
patient to move towards the nurse.
6. Places the towel under the head, shoulder
and the neck.
7. Places shampoo trough and rolled towel
under the neck.
8. Inserts dry cotton balls to both external
ears.
9. Places a pail/ receptacle beneath the drain
area of the through.
10. Wets the hair.
11. Lathers the shampoo into the hair.
12. Massages the scalp with the fingertips.
13. Rinses the hair thoroughly.
14. Wipes any water and shampoo from the
face.
15. Removes shampoo through .
16. Removes earplugs cotton balls and dry the
head with a towel.
17. Combs, brushes and styles the hair.
18. Raises the side rail.
19. Discards the water.
20. Washes hands.
38
21. Documents the procedure done and the
patient responses.
performance of the procedure.
procedure.
25. Observes courtesy.
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

ASSISTING THE PATIENT IN ORAL CARE
Definition: It is the brushing and flossing of the teeth including the inspection of the
mouth for dental carries, gum problems, soft plaque deposits etc.
Purposes:
1. To cleanse the teeth of food residue and microorganism

2. To maintain moisture and integrity of the tissue.
3. To refresh the mouth.
4. To improve the pleasure of eating.
5. To prevent oral infection.
6. To relieve discomfort from inflamed lesions.
7. To prevent dental caries.
8. To maintain or improve self-concept.
39
Providing Oral Care for Dependent Patient
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.8
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Explains the procedure to the patient.
2. Washes hands. Put on gloves
3. Checks the function of the suction
apparatus.
4. Assembles the necessary equipment.
5. Provides privacy.
6. Positions the patient
7. Protects the linen and the patient from
wetness with a towel.
8. Insert the padded tongue depressor to
open and separate the upper and lower
teeth.
9. Brushes the teeth.
10. Instills rinsing solution.
11. Suctions the rinsing solution from the
mouth.
12. Swabs the lips and mucous membrane
with lubricant.
13. Returns the patient to a safe and
comfortable position.
14. Does after care of equipment.
15. Removes gloves and washes hands.
16. Charts pertinent information.
Remarks:
40
100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

FOOT AND TOENAIL CARE
Purposes:
1. To cleanse and promote the comfort of the feet.

2. To maintain the integrity of the integument.
3. To stimulate circulation to the lower extremities.
4. To prevent injury.
5. To treat local infections by soaking the feet in a medicated solution.
6. To prevent odors.
Equipment:
1. Warm water in a pitcher
2. Wash basin
3. Soap in a soap dish
4. Hand towels, 2
5. Nail cutter or scissors
6. Nail file
7. Lotion (optional)
8. Powder (optional)
9. Waterproof under pad
10. Working gloves
11. Nail brush
41
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No. 9
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the best
answer.
1. A process of heat loss which involves the transfer of heat from one surface to
another is:
a. Radiation
b. Conduction
c. Convection
d. Inspection
2. The client with fever had been observe to experience elevated temperature for
few days followed by 1 to 2 days of normal range of temperature. The type of
fever he is experience is:
a. Intermittent fever
b. Relapsing fever
c. Remittent fever
d. Constant fever
3. The systematic manner of collecting data about the client by listening to body
sounds with the use of stethoscope is:
a. Inspection
b. Palpation
c. Percussion
d. Auscultation
4. The following are correct nursing actions when taking the radial pulse EXCEPT:
a. Put the palms downward
b. Use the thumb to palpate the artery
c. Use two to three fingertips to palpate the pulse at the inner wrist
d. Assess the pulse rate, rhythm, volume and bilateral equality
5. The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure.
a. Apical rate
b. Cardiac rate
c. Pulse deficit
d. Pulse pressure
6. When measuring the blood pressure, the following are nursing consideration
EXCEPT:
a. Ensure that the client is rested
b. Use appropriate size of BP cuff
c. Inflate and deflate BP cuff 2-3 mm hg
d. None of these
7. The following factors may increase the pulse rate EXCEPT:
42
a. Stress
b. Hemorrhage
c. Fever
d. Use of digitalis
8. Draw and label the site pulse in our body.
9. The body temperature is above the normal range is______________.
10. The rapid respiration marked by quick, shallow breaths is_________________.
11. The following are appropriate nursing actions when performing physical health
examination to a client EXCEPT:
a. Ensure privacy of the client throughout the procedure
b. Prepare the needed articles and equipment before the procedure
c. Assess the abdomen following this sequence right lower quadrant, right upper
quadrant, left upper quadrant , left lower quadrant
d. When assessing the chest, it is best to place the client in side-lying position
12. The heat regulating center is found in the:
a. Medulla oblongata
b. Thalamus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Pons
TEST B. ILLUSTRATION.
13. Draw and Label the Pulse site in our Body. 10 points
CHAPTER 11-13
Week 11-13 Lesson

1. To be able to explain and perform the External Douche
2. To be able to explain and perform the Application of Heat and Cold
3. To be able to explain and perform the Back Massage
4. To be able to explain and perform the Giving Sitz Bath
EXTERNAL DOUCHE
Definition: It is washing of genitals and anal area with plain water or medicated
solutions.
43
Purposes:
1. To cleanse the area of secretion and excretions.

2. To reduce unpleasant odors.
3. To prevent skin irritation and excoriations.
4. To control the potential for infection.
5. To promote comfort.
Possible Nursing Diagnosis:
1. Altered bowel elimination

2. Altered patterns of urinary elimination
3. Total urge or stress incontinence
4. Selfcare deficit
5. Disturbance in self-concept
6. Altered sexually pattern
7. Potential for infection
8. Knowledge deficit
Equipment:
1. Bedpan with cover

2. Waterproof underpad
3. Bath blanket(optional)
4. A tray containing the following:
 Sterile covered flushing can with sterile water or solution to be used.

 Sterile pick up forceps in a disinfectant solution.
 A jar of dry sterile cotton balls.
 A jar of sterile cotton balls soaked in soap sud solution.
 A jar of sterile cotton balls soaked in antiseptic solution.
 Kidney basin lined with paper for waste.
 Toilet paper
 A piece of paper to wrap vaginal pads.
 Working forceps in sterile pack.
5. Adult diaper or sanitary pad.
44
External Douche
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No. 10
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Washes hands thoroughly.
2. Prepares equipment and adjust bed to a
comfortable working height.
3. Brings preparation to the bedside. Identifies
patient and explains procedure.
4. Provides privacy to the patient. Positions
the patient in supine position.
5. Changes topsheet with bath blanket.
6. Places bed protector.
7. Drapes patient with bath blanket and
exposes the perineal area.
8. Places patient on bedpan in a dorsal
recumbent position.
9. Test temperature of water.
10. Flushes the area with warm water.
11. Applies soap using cotton balls soaked with
soap sud solution using zigzag motion
starting from the mons pubis. Uses one
cotton ball on each stroke.
12. Applies another cotton balls on the far groin
going up using zigzag stroke. Uses the
same stroke on the near groin.
13. Separates labia and applies another cotton
ball on each labia using gentle downward
stroke.
14. Applies the last cotton ball soaked in soap
sud solution using downward stroke from
the urethra going downward to the anus.
15. Rinse well.
16. Dries area from top down using toilet
paper.
17. Removes bed pan and turns patient to side
immediately dry the buttocks with toilet
paper.
45
18. Applies lotion as needed.
19. Removes bed protector by rolling it to the
center.
20. Replaces blanket with topsheet and makes
patient comfortable.
21. Examines the content of the bedpan and
throws it into the toilet bowl.
22. Brings equipment back to the utility room
and does the after care.
23. Washes hands.
24. Documents the procedure and other
pertinent observation.
25. Maintain body mechanics throughout
performance of the procedure.
procedure.
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

46
APPLICATION OF HEAT AND COLD
Body temperature represents the difference between the heat produced in the
body and heat lost. Heat regulation takes place in the hypothalamus. Heat is lost from
the skin by radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation.
Many factors affect body temperature, including body rhythms, menstrual cycle,
muscles action, age, deficient sweat glands, environment conditions and medications.
Because many health decisions are based on body temperature readings, accuracy in
temperature- taking is essential.
Problems of hyperthermia and hypothermia require nursing assessment,

planning, implementation, and frequent evaluation. Applications of heat and cold are
part of this treatment. Whether the application is cold or warm, temperature tolerance
varies with the individual and the part of the body to which it is applied, length of time of
the application, size of area under application and whether it is moist or duty.
Heat and cold are applied frequently in both the home and the hospital in the
hospital setting; a doctor’s order is required before heat is applied.
A. Application of Ice Cap:
Purposes:
Uses of Cold Application
1. To provide topical anesthesia (for example by placing an ice bag on the injection
site before giving the injection for example)
2. To prevent edema after bruises, spasms and sprains.
3. To lessen hemorrhage.
4. To reduce inflammation.
5. To decrease metabolism.
6. To lower body temperature.
Special Consideration:
Cold applications cause vasoconstriction wit reduced blood flow to the skin, therefore
the skin becomes pale, mottled, cool to touch and numb. Whether the application is cold
or warm, temperature tolerance varies with the individual, the part of the body to which it
is applied, the area of application, and the length of time it is applied.
47
Equipment:
1. Ice bag and cover

2. Cracked ice
Note: To be effective the ice bag should be applied for 15mins. to 30mins. With an
interval of approximately 30 minutes. In this way the tissues are able to react to the
effects of cold.
After care of ice bag:
1. Empty ice bag.

2. Soap and rinse under running water.
3. Turn upside down to dry.
4. When dry, inflate with air and screw cover in place.
5. Ret
Application of Ice Cap
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.11
Rating
48
5 4 3 2 1
1. Explaining the procedure.
2. Test bag for leaks.
3. Fills ice bag with small pieces of ice about 2/3
full.
4. Expels air correctly.
5. Covers the bag.
6. Applies to area.
7. Does after care.
8. Records procedure and patient reaction.
10. Manifest neatness in the performed procedure.
11. Receptive to criticisms.
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

TECHNIQUE FOR THE APPLICATION OF HOT WATER BAG
Purposes:
1. To relieve pain.
2. To reduce swelling, congestion and inflammation.
3. To relieve muscle spasm.
4. To provide comfort.
5. To decrease the blood supply in other areas of the body.
6. To raise the body temperature.
49
7. To increase the blood supply to the injured part thus promotes healing.
8. To stimulate metabolism.
9. To increase body temperature.
Special Considerations:
Prolonged exposure to heat can damage tissues. Special care is required when
heat is applied to the very young and very old who do not tolerate heat well. In addition
person’s who have circulatory disorders, are debilitated, or unconscious have
decreased or absent response to pain.
Equipment:
1. Hot water bag and cover.
2. Bath thermometer
3. A pitcher of hot water
4. A pitcher of cold water
5. Empty pitcher
Desired Temperature:
Infants under 2 years – (40-46°C)
Children over 2 years and adult – (46-51°C)
Application of Hot Water Bag
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No. 12
50
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1.Confirms the written physicians order.
2.Explain the procedure.
3.Assembles the equipment.
4.Test the temperature of the water.
5.Pours water from the pitcher into the bag
until it is about one-half full.
6. Expels the air correctly.
7. Screws in the stopper securely.
8. Wipes the bag.
9. Examine very well for leaks.
10. Covers bag with cloth.
11. Applies to affected area with the neck away
from the patient body.
12. Assess the response of the patient to the
heat.
13. Removes the hot water bag after 30 minutes
or according to the time prescribed by the
physician.
14. Replaces wet line.
15. Assists the patient to a safe and comfortable
position.
16. Does the after care of equipment
appropriately.
17. Washes hands.
18. Charts the procedure and other significant
observation.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

51
________________________________ Date: ___________
BACK MASSAGE
Definition: Stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues with varying degrees of hands
pressure.
Purposes:
1. To provide an opportunity to assess the skin on the back.

2. To nonverbally communicate a concern for the patient’s comfort.
3. To relax tense muscle thereby relieving pain.
4. To promote rest or sleep.
5. To stimulate blood flow to the skin and underlying tissues.
Contraindications:
1. Red and tender areas since such signs may indicate presence of thrombus.
2. Rib fractures.
3. Surgical incisions in the chest and back.
4. Recent back trauma.
Strokes Used:
1. Effleurage- are smooth, long rhythmical movements that are used in moving the
hands up in the spine and then lightly down the sides. This technique is also
called deep down stroking.
2. Petrissage- using the thumb and forefinger knead and stroke half the back and
upon arms by taking large pinches of about three inches of skin and muscles.
3. Friction- using a circular thumb stroke, massage from the buttocks to the
shoulders. Then using a smooth stroke return to the buttocks.
4. Tapotement- using the edges of the hand, perform in a hacking motion over the
surface of the back.
Equipment:
1. Massage lubricant or lotion as preferred by the patient.
52
2. Powder
3. Bath blanket
4. Towel
5. Stethoscope
6. Sphygmomanometer
Giving a Back Massage
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment NO.13
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Explains the purpose of the procedure.
3. Assesses the patient for objective and
subjective data.
4. Raises the bed and lowers the near side rail.
5. Position the patient.
6. Exposes the patient back up to the hip area.
7. Warms the lotion/ lubricant into your palm.
8. Applies the lotion to the back with light
strokes.
9. Distributes the lotion across the surface of the
back with long strokes from the sacrum to the
shoulders and back again.
10. Administer firmer strokes over bony
prominences.
11. Kneads areas that are affected by the
pressure of body weight against the mattress.
12. Removes excess lotion/ lubricant with a towel.
13. Repositions the patient and adjust bed clothes
and linen.
14. Lowers the bed and raises the side rail.
15. Observes the response of the patient.
16. Charts nursing assessment and care.
53
17. Maintain body mechanics throughout the
procedure.
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

GIVING A SITZ BATH
Definition: Sitz bath is a local hot water bath which consists of the immersion of the
pelvic region of the patient who is in a sitting position.
54
Giving a Sitz Bath:
To give a sitz bath a patient is placed in a shallow tub or basin containing enough warm
water so that only the pelvic area is submerged.
The nurse should implement the plans for the care of assigned patients so as to
allow approximately 15 to 30 minutes for the sitz bath. Although intended to cause
vasodilation, prolonged heat may cause the reverse effect if the warm temperature is
sustained. By coordinating the preparation of the equipment with the patient’s
readiness, the maximum effects of the procedure are likely to be achieved.
Purposes:
1. To increase local circulation.

2. To reduce swelling.
3. To promote healing.
4. To help relax local muscles.
Assessment:
1. Read the physician’s written order.

2. Consult the agency’s policy for the amount of time and temperature
recommended for sitz bath.
3. Read the patient’s record to determine the reason for the sitz bath such as
promoting healing of perineal incision.
4. Assess the patient’s mental status and any evidence of sensory or
cardiovascular disease.
5. Inspect the perineal area for color, swelling, discharge, and integrity, evidence of
external hemorrhoids, drains, packing or dressing material.
6. Observe the patient’s ability to sit directly on the buttocks, note signs of
discomfort.
7. Take the patient’s vital signs and compare them with the recommended range
for the patient’s age, determine the pattern of the vital sign recordings.
8. Ask the patient to describe the sensations he experiences in the perineum and
rectum especially with sitting, walking and when elimination urine or stool.
Equipment:
1. Sitz bath chair

2. Bath thermometer
55
3. Bath towels and clean gown
4. Bath blanket
5. Sterile dressings and T-binder(optional)
6. Pitcher of hot water
7. Pail ¾ filled with tap water
Hot Sitz Bath
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.14
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Checks the physician order.
2. Identifies patient and explains procedure.
3. Checks patient vital signs and general
condition.
4. Washes hands.
5. Assembles equipment.
6. Test the temperature of the water with a bath
thermometer.
7. Fills the sitz basin 1/3 to ½ full.
9. Ask patient to void.
10. Removes patients clothing and wraps towel
around the waist opening at the back.
11. Assists the patient into the sitz basin
12. Covers the patients back, shoulders and lower
legs with a blanket.
13. Observes the response of the patient
frequently.
14. Helps the patient out of the sitz bath chair and
assist to dry and put on clean bed
clothes/gown.
15. Assists patient return to bed.
16. Rechecks the patients VS and instruct to stay in
bed for 30 minutes.
56
17. Empties the sitz basin, clean and dry before
returning to utility room.
18. Washes hands.
19. Documents pertinent observations.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

CHAPTER 14-18
57
Week 14-18 Lesson

1. To be able to identify and perform the Catheterization
2. To be able to identify and perform the Surgical Hand Scrub
3. To be able to identify and perform the Donning and Removing Sterile Gloves
4. To be able to perform the Range of Motion (ROM)
CATHETERIZATION
Definition:
It is the introduction of a catheter through the urethra into the bladder for instilling
or removing fluids.
Purposes:
1. To control urinary incontinence.
2. To relieve urinary retention.
3. To obtain a sterile urine specimen.
4. To measure the residual urine remaining in the bladder after voiding.
5. To maintain an empty bladder during surgery.
6. To provide access for instilling medication into the bladder.
7. To monitor hourly urine production in seriously ill patient.
Equipment:
1. External douche tray
2. Bedpan with cover
3. Waterproof underpad
4. Bath blanket
5. A tray containing the following:
a. Pick-up forceps in disinfectant solution
b. Working forceps in a sterile pack
c. Lubricant
d. Gloves of you size
e. Betadine solution
f. Sterile dry Cotton ball one pack
g. Catheter- (fr.12-14 for adult; Fr. 8- 10 for children)
h. Sterile catheterization pack containing:
a. Drape- fenestrated drape or eye sheet
b. OS
c. Kidney basin
d. Specimen bottles- 2
i. Equipment for indwelling Catheter
a. Foley catheter
b. Sterile 5cc syringe filled with 5cc distilled water
c. Vial of triple distilled water
58
d. Plaster
e. Urine bag
6. Gooseneck lamp (optional)
REMOVING AN INDWELLING CATHETER
Requisite:
When the physician writes the order to discontinue the indwelling catheter, the
catheter is removed. The catheter and bag should be disposed of in the dirty utility
room, not left in the patient’s room trash can.
Equipment:
Medicine Ticket needle (if needed)

5 or 10cc syringe working gloves
FEMALE CATHETERIZATION
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.15
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Checks for completeness of supply.
2. Assesses whether patient is allergic to iodine or
plaster.
3. Washes hands, Assembles equipment.
4. Identifies and explains the procedure to the
patient.
6. Replaces top sheet with a bath blanket. Places
waterproof under pad.
59
7. Positions the patient on a dorsal recumbent
with feet apart and drapes the patient.
8. Provides good light.
9. Does perineal flushing.
10. Prepares the urine receptacle and tubing if an
indwelling catheter is to be inserted.
11. With aseptic technique, opens the pack
between the clients thigh and brings it near the
perineal area.
12. Squeezes a small amount of lubricant over the
sterile OS.
13. Gets 2 CBS from the pack places them on
sterile field. Pours betadine over them.
14. Puts on sterile gloves. Places fenestrated drape
over the vulva area exposing the labia.
15. Lubricates 1-2 inches of the catheter tip.
16. With the thumb and forefinger of your no-
dominant hand, spread the labia and maintains
hold until after catheter has been inserted.
17. With the dominant hand, disinfects the meatus
twice using CB c betadine.
18. Inserts the tip of the catheter into the dimple
like structure just below the clitoris about 2-3
inches or until urine flows. Asks the patient to
breathe deeply as catheter is inserted.
19. Holds the catheter securely with the non-
dominant hand while bladder emptied. Collects
as specimen if required.
20. Remove the catheter smoothly and slowly (if
straight catheter is used).
21. If a Foley catheter is used, introduces 5 cc of
distilled H2o to secure the catheter until
retention balloon is smuggled against the neck
of the bladder. Tapes the catheter to the inner
thigh.
22. Attaches catheter to the urinary drainage bag
below the level of the bladder.
23. Removes and cleans the equipment. Makes the
patient comfortable. Labels the urine specimen
and sends to the laboratory promptly.
24. Removes gloves and washes hands.
25. Records the time of the catheterization the
amount of the urine removed, a description of
the urine; the patient reaction to the procedure.
Remarks:
60
100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

MALE CATHETERIZATION
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.16
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Checks the physician order.
2. Assesses whether patient is allergic to iodine
or plaster.
3. Washes hands. Assembles equipment.
4. Identifies and explains the procedure to the
patient.
6. Position the patient on supine and knees
slightly apart. Drapes by fanfolding the
bedcover down to the midthigh exposing the
perineal area. Uses a bath blanket to cover
61
the trunk. Places the waterproof underpad
under the buttocks.
7. Dons working gloves. Does perineal care.
Removes and discard gloves properly.
Washes hands.
8. Opens the pack aseptically and places it on
the bed at the level of the hips. Bring the
clean kidney basin near the working area.
9. Squeezes a small amount of lubricant over
the sterile OS.
10. Gets 2 cotton balls from the pack and places
them on the sterile field. Pours betadine over
them.
11. Don sterile gloves.
12. Places the opening of the sterile drape over
the penis and onto the perineum without
touching the upper top surface.
13. Lubricates around 3-4 inches of the catheter.
14. With the non-dominant hand, lifts the penis
and cleanses the glans in a circular motion
outward from the meatus with the use of
Cotton balls with betadine. Discard and
cleanses again with 2 more cotton balls in
betadine. Continuous to hold the shaft of the
penis.
15. Pick up the catheter with the dominant hand
3-4 inches
16. Below the tip. Pulls the penis slightly upward
and ask the patient to bear down as if to
void.
17. Slowly insert the catheter in the meatus
about 7-9 inches using a rotating motion until
urine is flows.
18. If resistant is left, withdraws a little the
catheter and asks the patient to take a deep
breath again if resistance persists, removes it
and notifies the physician.
19. Gently pushes the catheter 1-2 inches more
after urine starts to flow. As the bladder
empties collects the specimen if required.
20. Removes the catheter smoothly and slowly if
straight catheter is used.
21. If foley catheter is used, inject content of the
pre-filled syringe to secure the catheter.
Gently pulls the catheter until the retention
balloon is snuggled against the bladder neck.
62
Removes the fenestrated drape.
22. Attaches the catheter to the urinary bag
below the level of the bladder. Coils the
excess tubing on the mattress and secure on
the bed frame.
23. Removes and clean the equipment. Makes
the patient comfortable. Labels the urine
specimen and sends to the laboratory
promptly.
24. Removes the gloves and washes hands.
25. Records the time of the catheterization, the
amount of the urine removed a description of
the urine, and the patient reaction to the
procedure.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________

63
REMOVING an INDWELLING CATHETER
When the physician writes the order to discontinue the indwelling catheter, the catheter
is removed. The catheter and bag should be disposed of in the dirty utility room, not left
in the patients room trash can.
Equipment:
Medicine Ticket needle (if needed)

5 or 10cc syringe working gloves
Removing an Indwelling Catheter
Name: Date:
Course: Score
Assessment No.17
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
1. Checks the order on the patient chart.
2. Obtaining a 5 to 10 ml syringe and an
absorbent towel.
3. Washes hands.
4. Dons gloves
5. Checks the patient identified band and
explain the procedure.
6. Places the absorbent towel on the mattress
under the catheter.
64
7. Attaches the syringe to the balloon part,
withdraws the water from the balloon until
resistance is met.
8. With the non dominant hand, holds the
absorbent towel in front of the perineum.
9. Pinches of the catheter near the meatus and
pulls it steadily out onto the absorbent towel
until the end is retrieved.
10. Holds the catheter at an upward angle to the
drainage tubing so that the urine drains to
the drainage.
11. Inspect the catheter to make certain it is
intact. If it is not, notifies the physician
immediately.
12. Measures the output in the drainage bag.
13. Empties the urine into the toilet and cleans
the measuring equipment.
14. Removes the gloves, washes hands and
makes patient comfortable. Instructs the
patient to drink extra fluid and warns that
there may be mild burning with the first few
voiding.
15. Documents the time of removal amount of
urine collected into the I&O flow sheet and
time by which patient should have next
voided.
Remarks:

100%
_______________________________ Date: __________

________________________________ Date: ___________
65
SURGICAL HAND SCRUB
Definition: It is a vigorous and lengthy cleaning of the skin of the hands and forearms
with water, antiseptic agent and scrub/ sponge to create friction. It is called counted-
stroke scrub.
Equipment:
1. Surgical cap
2. Surgical mask
3. Antimicrobial soap
4. Plain scrub brush
5. Sink with foot, knee or elbow control and high faucet
6. Sterile towels(optional)
Purposes:
1. To remove dirt and skin oil from the hands and lower arms.
2. To reduce the microorganisms count to as near zero as possible.
Elements:
1. Water
2. Antiseptic agent
3. Scrub or sponge
4. Friction
TEPID SPONGE BATH
Definition: A bath using tepid water and sponge to reduce fever.
Equipment:
a. Basin
b. Pitcher filled with hot water
c. Pitcher with cold water
d. Bath blanket
e. Wash cloths
f. Bath towel
g. Waterproof
h. Thermometer
66
i. Working gloves
DONNING AND REMOVING STERILE GLOVES
The sterile gloves provide a barrier between the nurse’s hands and the objects she
contacts. She is able to freely touch objects in a sterile field without fear of which
objects are sterile and which are not.
Equipment:
A pair of sterile prepowdered gloves
RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)
Normal activities, such as dressing, grooming, walking, and eating, usually put all of our
joints through their complete Range of Motion several times each day. Regular
movement reduces aches and pains and helps to keep our joints flexible and our
muscles strong. However some of your patients will have limited mobility. These
patients may not be able to do all of the activities that would normally exercise their
joints and muscles. These patients or residents may need your help with range-of-
motion exercise to help keep their joints and muscles functioning.
Definition: The complete extent of movement that a joint is normally capable of without
causing pain.
Purposes:
a. To maintain good body alignment
b. To improve muscle strength and endurance
c. To improve muscle tone
d. To improve circulation
e. To relieve muscle spasm
f. To relieve pain
g. To prevent or correct contracture deformities
h. To promote sense of well-being
Types of ROM
1. Active ROM
- Done by the client
2. Passive ROM
- Done for the client
3. Active –Resistive ROM
- Done by the client against a weight or force
4. Active-Assistive ROM
- Done by the stronger arm and leg to the weaker arm and leg
5. Isotonic
67
- Involve change in muscle length and tension
6. Isometric
- Involve change in muscle tension only. ( alternate tension and relaxation of
group of muscles)
WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE MOVEMENT
Words Definition
Flexion Bending of a joint
Extension Straightening of a joint
Abduction Moving a body part away
from the midline of the
body.
Adduction Moving a body part toward

the midline of the body.
Rotation Twisting or turning of a joint
Supination Rotation of the palm so that
it is facing up or forward.
Rotation of the palm so that
Pronation it is facing down or
backward.
Eversion Rotation of the sole of the
foot outward.
Inversion Rotation of the sole of the
foot inward.
Dorsiflexion Bending the foot upward at
the ankle by pulling the toes
toward the head.
Plantar Flexion Flexing the arch of the foot
by pointing the toes
downward.
COMMON MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning
AFB Acid-fast-bacillus CPR Cardio pulmonary
resuscitation
AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency CVA Cerebral vascular accident
Syndrome
AKA Above-the-knee amputation DNR Do not resuscitate
68
AMI Acute myocardial infraction DOA Dead on Arrival
BKA Below-the-knee amputation DOB Difficulty of Breathing
BM Bowel movement ECG Electrocardiogram
B.R. Bed rest EEG Electroencephalogram
BRP Bathroom privileges ICU Intensive care unit
BSC Bedside commode IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus
CA Cancer I&O Intake and output
cath Catheter LLQ Left lower quadrant
CBC Complete blood count LMP Last menstrual period
CBR Complete bed rest LPN Licensed practical nurse
CCU Coronary care unit LVN Licensed vocational nurse
CHD Coronary heart disease LUQ Left upper quadrant
CHF Congestive heart failure MI Myocardial infarction
COPD Chronic Obstructive ROM Range of motion
Pulmonary Disease
CPR Cardiopulmonary RR Recovery room
resuscitation
CVA Cerebral vascular accident RT Respiratory therapy
DJD Degenerative joint disease RUQ Right upper quadrant
DNR Do not resuscitate Rx Treatment
DOA Dead on arrival SOB Shortness of breath
NB Newborn SSE Soapsuds enema
NIDDM Non-insulin-dependent STD Sexually transmitted disease
diabetes mellitus
NPO Nothing per mouth TIA Transient ischemic attack
N&V Nausea and vomiting TLC Tender loving care
OB Obstetrics URI Upper respiratory infection
OR Operating room UTI Urinary tract infection
OT Occupational therapy WBC White blood cell
PAR Post anesthesia recovery WNL Within normal limits
PT Physical therapy
RBC Red blood cell
RLQ Right lower quadrant
69
REFERENCES:
1. Lippincott’s Williams and Wilkins, Essential for Nursing Assistants, A Humanistic

Approach to Caregiving, Pamela J. Carter, RN,BSN, Med, CNOR, 2010.
2. Mastering Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts and Clinical Application,

Josie Quiambao-Udan RN, MAN 2008
3. Fundamentals of Nursing, Potter Perry,6th edition
4. Fundamentals of Nursing, Theory, Concepts and Application volume 1, Judith M.

Wilkinson and Karen Van Leuven
5. www.google.com
70

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COURSE OUTLINE

NSG 101 – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE

 Introduction to Fundamentals of Nursing Practice

3. Be attentive and participative. Be part f the class interaction. Your participation is

4. Sit properly and focused on class discussion by the teacher.

DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Roles of the Professional Nurse:

Nursing Theories and Conceptual Frameworks:

1. Florence Nightingale(mid-1800’s) - Developed and described the first theory of

The 4 Major Attributes of Human Being

1. The capacity to think or conceptualized on identify the concepts of Health and

2. To be able to identify and perform the proper procedure of Medical Hand

Concepts of Man and His Basic Needs

Nursing Concepts of Man

The Basic Human Needs

Characteristic of Basic Human Needs

 Needs are universal.

Maslow’s Characteristics of a Self- Actualized Person

Concepts of Health and Illness

Wellness and Well- Being

 Wellness is well-being. It involves engaging in attitudes and behavior that

Concepts Related to Health and Illness

1. Stress is not a nervous energy.

2. Adaption- the adjustment that a person makes in different situations.

1. General Adaptation Syndrome( GAS)

2. Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)

 Liquid or bar soap sink with running water

Contaminated- adjective used to describe an object that is soiled by pathogens.

1. Stand in front of the sink. Do not The sink is considered contaminated

1. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a basic

IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is ask, Write your answer correct

____________6. A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and

Legend: 5- Excellent, 4- Very good, 3- Good, 2-Fair, 1-Poor

9. Get the tissue paper to turn off the faucet

Criteria: I. Knowledge - 30%

_______________________________ Date: __________

Week 4-6 Lesson

DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the topic, the learner must:

1. To be able to identify the Health Promotion

1. Primary Prevention- To encourage optimal health and to increase the person

Behaviors Associated with the levels of Prevention:

TYPES OF HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS:

Communication- is a basic component of human relationships and nurse-client

-Verbal Communication- uses spoken or written words.

CHARACTERISTICS of GOOD COMMUNICATION:

1. Simplicity – includes use commonly understood word, brevity and completeness.

Sender Message Receiver

 Nonverbal Communication- is a more accurate expression of a person’s

 When assessing nonverbal behaviors, consider cultural influences.

Techniques for Therapeutic Communication are as follows:

Techniques that block communication are as follows:

COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Latin English

a.c ante cibum before meals

ad.lib Adlibitum as desired

Bid bis in die Twice a day

b.m.r basal metabolic rate

BP. Blood pressure

c.c. Cum With

Gtt Gutta Drop

Cap Capsula Capsule

Hs hora somni hours sleep

_____________________ Date:

_____________________ Date:

______________________ Date: _

_____________________ Date:

______________________ Date: _

_____________________ Date:

______________________ Date: _

_____________________ Date: