TRIGONOMETRY

PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY

Right Triangle Double Angle Formula:

2 2
2
c 2 1 2
2 2 1
a 2
2
Ѳ 1

Half Angle Formula:

b
1
sin
2 2
From the right triangle:
1
cos
2 2

1
cos
2 2
Basic Identities:
Product of Functions
/ 1 / 1
/ / 1⁄2 sin sin

/ / 1⁄2 cos cos

/ /
1⁄2 cos cos
Pythagorean Relationship:

1 1
Oblique Triangle
1

Sum and difference of two angles: A

sin x y sin x cos y cos x sin y b c
sin x ‐ y sin x cos y ‐ cos x sin y
cos x y cos x cos y ‐ sin x sin y
cos x ‐ y cos x cos y sin x sin y
C a B
1
Sine Law

1 In any triangle, the ratio of its side to the sine of opposite

angle is constant.
Power of function:

1/2 1 2
1/2 1 2

1 2
1 2

Plane and Spherical Trigonometry Correlation Bulacan State University

 TRIGONOMETRY
PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY

Cosine Law

In any triangle, the square of any side is equal to the sum of the x = rcosѲ
squares of remaining sides less twice the product of remaining y = rsinѲ
sides and cosine of the opposite angle.
Spherical Triangle:
2 cos

2 cos

2 cos

Angles

Measurement between two rays with connecting origin.

Acute angle : angle < 90°

Right angle : angle = 90°
Obtuse angle : angle > 90°
Straight angle : angle = 180°
Reflex angle : angle > 180°
Sum of interior angles A, B and C is greater than 180 degrees
Complimentary angle: angles whose sum is equal to 90°. but less than 540 degrees.
Supplementary angle: angles whose sum is equal to 180°.
Explementary angle: angles whose sum is equal to 360°. Area of spherical Triangle:

Versine (or Versed sine) : vers A = 1‐cosA The area of a spherical triangle with radius R :
Versed Cosine: covers A = 1 – sinA
Haversine: hav A = 1/21‐cosA)
Exsecant: Exsec A = sec A ‐1 180°

Period of Trigonometric Functions E = Spherical Excess

180°
General Form: y = A sin(Bx+C) + D
or
where: A is the amplitude of the function.
Period (T) 4 2 2 2 2

Phase shift where:

Polar form of a point 2

y
Right Spherical Triangle:
(x,y) B
•
(r,Ѳ)
Ѳ c a
x
A C
b
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry Correlation Bulacan State University
 TRIGONOMETRY
PLANE AND SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY

situated at 37⁰48’ N
̅ 90 90 ̅ 90 latitude and 122⁰24’
West longitude.
SIN‐COOP RULE: The sine of middle part is equal to the 9. Find the polar
product of cosines of its opossite parts. coordinates for the
point having a
Example: rectangular
coordinate (3,‐4).
̅ ̅ 10. A plane hillside is
inclined at an angle
SIN‐TAAD RULE: The sine of any middle part is equal to the of 28⁰ with the horizontal. A man wearing skis can
product of tangents of its adjacent part. climb this hillside by following a straight path
inclined at an angle of 12⁰ with the horizontal, but
one without skis can climb it at an angle of 5⁰ with
Example: the horizontal. Find the angle between the
directions of two paths.
11. In triangle ABC, if:
2 2
Law of sines:
Find the value of A.
12. Point P is inside the isosceles right triangle ABC. if AP
is 15cm, BP is 9cm and CP is 12cm. Determine the
measurement of equal side.
Law of cosines for sides: 13. From the top of the building 100m high, the angle of
depression of a point due east of it is 30⁰. From a
cos a = cos b cos c + sin b sin c cos A point B due south, the angle of elevation of the top
cos b = cos a cos c + sin a sin c cos B is 60⁰. Find the distance AB.
cos c = cos a cos b + sin a sin b cos C 14. The exsecant of a certain angle is four times its
Haversine. Find the angle.
Law of cosines for angles: 15. A boat left port O and sailed S 46⁰ E at 50mph. Two
hours later, another boat left port at 40mph and
cos A = ‐cos B cos C + sin B sin C cos a sailed N 28⁰ E. What is the bearing of the first boat
cos B = ‐cos A cos C + sin A sin C cos b from the second boat two hours after the 2nd boat
cos C = ‐cos A cos B + sin A sin B cos c left port O?
16. A pole cast a shadow 15m long when the angle of
Problems: elevation of the sun is 63°. If the pole leans 15° from
the vertical towards the sun, determine the length
1. Find the angle if its explement is 30 degrees more of the pole.
than 5 times its compliment. 17. If sinx+cosx = 4y‐z, Find the value of
2. If tan 2x = cot 8y, what is 45⁰ ‐x equal to? 2sinxcosx/( + −1).
3. In triangle ABC, (tanA)(tanB)(tanC) = 8.2424 and
tanA + tanB = 2.5712. Find Sin C.
4. Find the amplitude and period of y=sinxcosx.
5. If arcsin(3x‐4y) = 1.5708 and arccos(x‐y) =1.0472,
what is the value of x?
6. From a point A at the foot of the mountain, the
angle of elevation of the top B is 60degrees. After
ascending the mountain 1 mile at an inclination of
30 degrees to the horizantal, and reaching a point C,
an observer finds that the angle ABC is 135 degrees.
The height of the mountain in feet is?
7. If the time is 8:00 am GMT, what is the time in the
Philippines which is located at 120 degrees East
longitude?
8. Find the distance in nautical Miles between Manila
and San Francisco. Manila is located at 14⁰36’ N
latitude and 121⁰05’ East longitude. San Francisco is

Plane and Spherical Trigonometry Correlation Bulacan State University