12

CLASS

Graphical
Transformations

SAMEER CHINCHOLIKAR
Transformation
By a constant
1 y = f(x) + a Shift up by a units

1 y = f(x) - a Shift down by a units

Draw the graph of f(x) = sinx + 1 ; g(x)= sinx - 1
2 y = f(x + a) Shift left by a units

2 y = f(x - a) Shift right by a units

Draw the graph of f(x) = |x + 2| ; g(x)= |x - 3|
3 y = -f(x) flip about x-axis
Draw the graph of: f(x) = - |x - 3 |
4 y = f(-x) Flip about y-axis
Draw the graph of: f(x) = |(-x) - 3|
5 y = a.f(x) ; a > 1 Stretch about y-axis

5 y = a.f(x) ; 0 < a < 1 Compress about y-axis

Draw the graph of f(x) = 2.sinx ; g(x) = (1/2 ) sinx
6 y = f(a.x) ; a > 1 Compress about x-axis

6 y = f(a.x) ; 0 < a < 1 Stretch about x-axis

Draw the graph of f(x) = sin2x
Draw the graph of g(x) = sin(x/2)
Transformation by
modulus function
7 y = |f(x)| Reflect only the portion below x-axis about x-axis
Draw the graph of f(x) = |sinx|
8 y = f(|x|) Keep only the portion right of y-axis and then
reflect it, about y-axis, keeping original portion
intact.
If f(x) = (x-1)2; draw f(|x|).
9 |y| = f(x) Draw f(x) only where it is positive. Now, reflect
this portion about x-axis keeping the original
portion intact.
Draw the graph of |y| = sinx
Transformation by
Greatest integer function
Transformation by
Fractional part function
 12
CLASS

Graphical
Transformations
Greatest Integer and
Fractional Part Function

sinx

[sinx]

SAMEER CHINCHOLIKAR
Transformation by
Greatest integer function
10 y = [f(x)] Draw f(x) and break it into portions using
horizontal lines at unit intervals. Take projection
of each portion on lower line.
Draw the graph of f(x) = [x2]
Draw the graph of f(x) = [sinx]

f(x) = sinx
11 y = f([x]) Draw f(x) and break it into portions using vertical
lines. Between any two vertical lines we get
constant value equal to the value at left line.
Draw the graph of f(x) = [x]2
Transformation by
Fractional part function
12 y = {f(x)} Draw f(x) and break it into portions using
horizontal lines at unit intervals. Now pull down
(or pull up) every portion between y = 0 and y = 1
Draw the graph of f(x) = {x2}
Draw the graph of f(x) = {sinx}
13 y = f({x}) Draw f(x) only from x = 0 to x = 1. Now, since
f({x}) is periodic with period 1, copy paste this
portion throughout.
Draw the graph of f(x) = {x}2
Draw the graph of f(x) = e{x}
Some more Transformations