DIGITAL SYSTEM 1

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PRACTICAL WORK 1
TOPIC : BASIC GATES
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this experiment, student should be able to:
i. Study the ’ IC pin-out diagrams’ to identify the pins of the basic logic
gates
AND, OR ,NOT, NAND and NOR
ii. Explain the function of basic logic gates using truth table.

THEORY:
Digital electronics makes extensive use of the binary number system.Binary digits
are used to represent the two voltage levels used in electronics, ’1’ or ‘0’. A
switch, or transistor can be ON and represented by ‘1’ or OFF and represented
by ‘0’
0 1
Switch open close
Lamp OFF ON
Logic gates
AND A multi-input circuit in which the output is a ’1’ only if all inputs are‘1’‘1’

OR A multi-input circuit in which the output is a ‘1’ when any input is a NOT

The output is ‘0’ when the input is ‘1’ and the output is ‘0
NAND AND followed by NOT NOR
OR followed by NOT

a. AND gate
• Figure 2.1 (a) below is to show the function of AND gate by using two
switches in series connection.

A
Y
B
LAMP

Figure 2.1a : (a) Logic circuit

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(b) Symbol logic

A
Y
B

(c) Boolean Equationfor AND gate

F= A.B

(d) Truth Table

Input Output
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

b) OR gate

• Figure 2.2 (a) below is to show the function of OR gate using two
switches in parallel connection.
A

B
Y
Lamp

Figure 2.2a: (a) Logic circuit

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(b) Truth table

Input Output
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

(c) Symbol logic of OR gate

F
B

(d) Boolean Equation

F= A + B

c. NOT gate

a) Logis symbol of NOT (INVERTER) Gate

A Y

(b) Boolean Equation

F= A
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(c) Logic circuit

A
Y
Lamp

(d) Truth table

Input Output
A Y
0 1
1 0

d) NAND gate

The complementary form of AND and NOT gate (AND – NOT ) is called NAND gate.
Functionally,a NAND gate will produce a “1”(HIGH) output when either A or B or
both inputs are “0”. This gate only develop an output “0”(LOW) when inputs A and
B are both 1.
(a) Symbol logic

A A
Y
B B

(b) Boolean Equation

Y= A.B
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(c) Truth table

Input Output
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

e) NOR gate

A A
F
B B

(a) Symbol

(b) Boolean Equation

Y= A+B

(c) Truth Table

Input Output
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
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EQUIPMENTS:
i. IC 7400, 7402, 7404, 7408 & 7432
ii. Power supply
iii. Logic Trainer
iv. Jumper wire

PROCEDURES :
i. Based on the ’ IC pin-out diagrams ‘ Connect the circuit as shown
in figure 2-1a,
ii. Complete the truth table in the table 2-1a by using various
combinations of input.

A
Y
B

Figure 2-1a

Input Output
A B Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth Table 2-1a
A
B Y

Figure: 2-2a

Input Output
A B Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

Truth table: 2-2a

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iii. Continue steps (i) and (ii) using figure

A Y

Figure : 2-3a

Input Output
A Y
0
1
Truth table: 2-3a

A
Y
B

Figure: 2-4a

Input Output
A B Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth Table 2-4a

A
Y
B
Figure: 2-5a
Input Output
A B Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth table : 2-5a
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ASSESMENT AND COMMENT.

1. Draw the symbol logic for the following logic gates:

i. OR Gate 3 inputs.
ii. AND Gate 4 inputs.
iii. NAND Gate 5 inputs.
iv. NOR Gate 6 inputs.
2. Draw the truth table and Boolean equation for the question 1(i) above.

CONCLUSION :
Write down the conclusion for the experiment.
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DIGITAL ELECTRONICS - EE202

IC Pin-Out Diagrams