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Chapter 2 Boolean Algebra

Electrical & Electronics Technology
(29EAET)

Mechanical Track (Oct 21)

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Instructional Objectives
Describe the operation and construct the truth table for the
AND, OR, NOT, NOR and NAND gates.
Draw timing diagrams for the basic gates and logic circuits.
Simplify complex logic circuits by applying the various
Boolean identities and laws
Draw logic gates using the new IEEE/ANSI Standard Logic
symbols.
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2.1 Introduction to General Logic Terms &
Terminology
Digital circuits operate in binary mode where each input or
output voltage is at one of 2 predefined ranges (representing
logic 0 and 1).

A
B LOGIC Y
CIRCUIT
A, B, C and YCare signals that represent one of 2 possible states:
Logic 0 or Logic 1
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2.1.1 Information Regarding the Logic Gates

Basic building blocks for digital circuits.
Logic gate has one output and one or more input terminals.
Operation of logic circuits can be described using a truth table
or a Boolean expression.
Truth table shows the output response for all combinations of
logic levels at the inputs.
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2.1.1 Information Regarding the Logic Gates

Boolean algebra has only 3 basic operators

Logical OR (+) e.g. A+B

Logical AND (.) e.g. A⋅B or just AB (without “.” )

Logical NOT () e.g. 

Boolean expression shows the output as a function of inputs represented as Boolean variables
This allows the use of Boolean algebra as a tool for the analysis and design of digital circuits.
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Example 2.1
A logic circuit with two inputs A and B and an output Z, how
many combinations of inputs will you have and draw out the
truth table.

Solution
2 inputs ⇒ 2n = 22 = 4 combinations of inputs
Truth table shows the 4 combinations of inputs (outputs may vary depending on the
boolean expression)
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Example 2.2
A television will only turn on (represented by Boolean variable output Z) under the
following conditions:
A (power supply) and B (remote control) are at logic 1, or
A (power supply) and C (control button) are at logic 1.
Draw out the truth table.
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2.1.2 Understanding OR Operation

Switch A
Lamp

Switch B

Switch open ⇨ Logic 0

Switch close ⇨ Logic 1
Power supply
Lamp turns off ⇨ Logic 0
Lamp turns on ⇨ Logic 1
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2.2 Basic Logic Gates – OR Gate

A
X =A+B
B

Truth Table
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2.2.1 Timing Diagram for OR Gate

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2.3 Basic Logic Gates – AND Gate

A
X=A.B
B

Truth Table
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2.3.1 Timing Diagram for AND Gate

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2.4 Basic Logic Gates – NOT Gate

Truth Table
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2.4.1 Timing Diagram for NOT Gate

'1'
A
'0'

'1'
X
'0'
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2.5 Universal Gates – NOR Gate

Truth Table
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2.5.1 Timing Diagram for NOR Gate

'1'
A
'0'

'1'

B
'0'

'1'
X
'0'
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2.6 Universal Gates – NAND Gate

Truth Table
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2.6.1 Timing Diagram for NAND Gate

'1'
A
'0'

'1'
B
'0'

'1'
X
'0'
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2.7 Describing Logic Circuits

Determine the Boolean expressions for the stated outputs:
Example 2.3
A Y
B Z
C Z= YC = (A+B) C
Y=
Z=
Example 2.4
A Y
B Z
C Z= CY = C(A+B)
Y=
Z=
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2.7 Describing Logic Circuits

Example 2.5
Determine the Boolean expressions for the output X.

A
C
C A
B X
A
B
D
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2.7 Describing Logic Circuits

Example 2.6
Determine the logic state of the output X if inputs A = 0, B = 1, C = 1 and D = 0.

A
1.1.1 = 1
B
X
C X = 1. 0 = 0
1+0 = 1
D
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2.8 Implementing Logic Circuits

Example 2.7
Draw the logic circuit for the Boolean expression :
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2.8 Implementing Logic Circuits

Example 2.8
Draw the logic circuit for the Boolean expression :
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2.8 Implementing Logic Circuits

Example 2.9
Draw the logic circuit for the Boolean expression using basic gates only:
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2.8 Implementing Logic Circuits

Example 2.10
You are required to use gates with not more than 2-input to draw the logic
circuit for the Boolean expression :