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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻋﺪدي ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ در دو ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻣﺠﺰا )ﺗﺌﻮري وﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ( از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن‬

Conference Paper · January 2012

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Jabbar Ali Zakeri Arash Bakhtiary

Iran University of Science and Technology Iran University of Science and Technology
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Ahmad Kasraei
Luleå University of Technology
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 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ )ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ( ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺟﺒﺎﺭﻋﻠﻲ ﺫﺍﮐﺮﻱ‪ ، 1‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪﮐﺴﺮﺍﺋﯽ‪ ، 2‬ﺁﺭﺵ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪zakeri@iust.ac.ir‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪Ahmad.kasraei@gmail.com‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪Bakhtiary_arash@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ‪:‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ) ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻠﻲ (‬
‫ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﮎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ‪ Abaqus‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪ β‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪U‬‬ ‫= ‪) x‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫‪4β‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ‪ EI‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‬
 ‫‪-1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺎﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﻊ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻲ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪) q‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ∆ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ‪ k‬ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫=‪k‬‬
‫∆‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﮎ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ )ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ( ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ )ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻭﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻞﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﺻﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ، Abaqus‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-2‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﮐﺮﻧﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-1-2‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ » ﻭﻳﻨﻜﻠﺮ « ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1867) 1867‬ـ ‪ (Winkler‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1887‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ » ﺯﻳﻤﺮﻣﻦ « )‪ 1887‬ـ ‪ (Zimmermann‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫)ﺭﻳﻞ( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻴﺮ )ﺭﻳﻞ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷﮑﻞ)‪ (1‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭﻳﻠﺮ‪-‬ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﺧﻂ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﮏ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪P‬‬

‫∞‪−‬‬ ‫∞‪+‬‬
‫‪EI‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫‪u‬‬ ‫)‪y(x‬‬
‫‪P‬‬

‫)‪y(x‬‬
‫‪u‬‬

‫‪x‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ –1‬ﻣﺪل ﺗﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫‪-2-2‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺧﻂ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ » ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ « ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫‪EI1‬‬
‫‪u1‬‬
‫‪EI2‬‬
‫‪u2‬‬

‫رﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎه ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪-2‬رﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﮔﺎه ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫‪-3-2‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﻳﻞ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ )‪ 2004‬ـ ‪ .(Norman‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ)‪ (3‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮاورس‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﭼﺮخ‬

‫رﯾﻞ‬

‫‪P‬‬

‫‪k1‬‬ ‫‪k2‬‬ ‫‪k3‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪kn - 1‬‬ ‫‪kn‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ » ،2003‬ﺑﻮﺭﹺﺳﻲ « ﻭ » ﺍ‪‬ﺷﻤﻴﺖ « ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻴﮕﻠﻴﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ )‪ 2003‬ـ ‪ .(Boresi, et al.‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﹸﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (4‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ » ﺑﻮﺭﹺﺳﻲ « ﻭ » ﺍ‪‬ﺷﻤﻴﺖ « ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪P‬‬

‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬

‫‪VA‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬
‫‪MA‬‬ ‫‪M1‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫)اﻟﻒ(‬
‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪M1‬‬ ‫‪M2‬‬

‫‪V2‬‬ ‫‪VC‬‬
‫)ب(‬
‫‪M2‬‬ ‫‪MC‬‬
‫)ج(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ – 4‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫‪-4-2‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﮏ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-3‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫‪ 4.2 × 10‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (5‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ 9‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ 10cm × 20‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ m10‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ 12.5‬ﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪(6‬‬
‫‪1.294 × 10‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﻴﺮ)ﺭﻳﻞ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ m‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫و ‪ m1.31 × 10‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪1.27 × 10‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (7‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %1.89‬ﻭ ‪ %1.24‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪-5‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪-6‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬
 ‫‪1.31‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﻢ وﺳﻂ دھﺎﻧﮫ )‪(mm‬‬

‫‪1.3‬‬

‫‪1.29‬‬

‫‪1.28‬‬

‫‪1.27‬‬

‫‪1.26‬‬

‫‪1.25‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍﯼ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪–7‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-4‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫‪ 7 × 10‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (8‬ﺍﺯ ‪ 49‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫× ‪1.282‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (9‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ m 10‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ)ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪-8‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -9‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫‪-5‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ » ﺯﺍﺭﹺﻣﺴﻜﻲ « ﻭ »‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﻭﺱ « )‪ 1980‬ـ ‪ (Zarembski, et al.‬ﻭ » ﻧﻮﺭﻣﻦ « )‪ 2004‬ـ ‪ (Norman‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﺒﺨﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﮑﯿﮫ ﮔﺎه ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﮑﯿﮫ ﮔﺎه ھﺎی ﻣﺠﺰا‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ )‪(mm‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-0.2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪-10‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬

‫‪-6‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺧﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺘﻲﹺ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺭﺱﻫﺎ)ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ‪0.6‬‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫= ‪) x‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪(0.85 m‬ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪ ( m‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫‪4β‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

Tesai, N.-C. and Westmann, R. A.: Beam on tensionless foundation, Journal of the engineering Mechanics
Division, ASCE, Oct. 1967, pp 1-12.

Adin, M. A.: Yankelevsky, D. Z. and Eisenberger, M: Analysis of beams on bi-moduli elastic foundation,
computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Elsevier Science publishers B.V., vol.49,
1985, pp 319-330

Kerr, Arnold D.:Elastic and Viscoelastic Foundation Models, Transactions of the ASME Journal of
Applied Mechanics, September 1964, pp 491-498

Scott, R.: Foundation Analysis, Prentice-hall, Inc.,Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA,1981.

Hetenyi, M.:Beams on elastic foundation. Theory with applications in the fields of civil and mechanical
engineering, The University of Michigan Press, Ann A rbor, 1946 (sixth printing 1996)

Arnold D. Kerr, on the determination of the rail support modulus International Journal of solids and
Structures 37 (2000) 4335±4351

Wee Loon Lim “Mechanics of Railway Ballast Behavior”. BEng (Hons) The University of Nottingham
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (May 2004)

Winckler, E. (1867)” Die Lehre Von Elastizitat und Festigkeit (on elasticity and fixity)”, prague, 182p.

‫("ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ"ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬1387) ،‫ﺝ‬،‫ﻣﻴﺮﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﻄﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺠﺎﺭ"ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻼﺷﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﮑﻠﺮ" ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
1387 ‫ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‬

‫(" ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ‬1384) .‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺮﻣﻲ‬.‫ ﻡ‬،‫ ﺭﻧﺠﺒﺮ‬،‫ ﺍ‬،‫ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬.،‫ ﻁ‬،‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬
172 ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ﭘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ" ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬

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