Respiratory

Conditions
1
 A-B-URT
A

3 jo 2
f I

2
 Functions
• Primary
–Ventilation -in h out of gases
↑ Filtration - molecules & pressure -

pressure
–Alveolar Diffusion of gases
-

exchange
C wole colds I concentration
- beconcentration

3
centers

I
-
10- Medulla oblougnta Coz Brainstem
zo-pons -

Oz
des ↑Polurged respi. problem
10 -

Diaphragm =X pops

2 -
Accessory
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 ↑
CO2

mean
in oborgata
1 phrenic verse. Cy
Dinphagme :10-20 m)

thin
y

Rib
expansion
widening of pleural space Lester Lintao
 A

toI
fi
760 muith
·

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I Oz =
elastase inflation
-

W. Co2 antiestase: definition

=

Oz
O. Arteries P. Veirs
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• Secondary
–Sense of smell = CN #1-
Offactory
–Speech -

Caryux
–A-B Balance AiB =
1, 20

3
A patient suffered traumatic injury involving
the brainstem. He is at risk for

A. Respiratory distress
B. Respiratory depression
C. Respiratory failure
D. Respiratory arrest
5
You have seen a victim of a vehicular accident,
lying on the ground. You should
A. Carry him in any way possible immediately. X

B. Bring him to the police. x

C. Remove the helmet and place the cervical

colar.
-

D. Place the cervical collar then remove the

helmet.
6
16
17
PNEUMOTHORAX
• It is the accumulation of air in the
pleural space
• Primary complication:
Atelectasis

Dxi X-ray
24
Types
1. Tension -

onknown most
-
STA Subery - Common
2. Secondary I open)-sucking would"
C tavva, chest surgery complication
3. Spontaneous
↳ iptured blebs
-
(air-filled blisters)
↳
CS
Symptoms:

a more severe during involution

o Pleuritic pain

o Increased RR -resp. alkenhosis

o Dyspnea
Rib fractures
o Asymmetry of chest wall
o Decreased breath sounds

o Trachea deviating to the injury site

o Major complication: Mediastical shift

↑

a) total atelectrais
b) Cardine tamponade
shock
->
cadiogenic
A B
Nursing Interventions:
• Monitor V/S, signs of shock
b breath sounds
• Observe respirations XPPR
• Semi-Fowler’s position
flow 21-320m)
• Administer oxygen if necessary
A
x for the respi
• Analgesics as ordered alKalogis
codeine goy
->
• Chest tube:thoracos fimy
o Maintain
o asepsis
o patency

o Evaluate:
o amount of fluid
o breath sounds
 ①)
Suction Patient
Air
Apparatus

errm

↳
suction water collection
control seal
Bubbling (2nd) 1. Continuous -
air leak
intermittent
Stop-access the
-

2.
insulation
i during breath sounds
-

-Notify MD
-

Renova
X-check for kinks
I obstruction
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Breakag
#3- replace
#1/2 -

prevent air reentry

a) Immerse
3) Clamp
c Kink- 8 Qot
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Tobe dislodgement patient
-

-prevent re-entry
air

-apply pressure using a

sterile glvzl
(vaselinized)

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PLEURAL
EFFUSION
• Refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid
in the pleural cavity.
Types:
• Hydrothorax (Transudate) - Water ↓PHP
Cop
↳ edema of the
penal space ( &

• Empyema (Exudates) /Pythomx

↳ Drs - infection
• Hemothorax (Blood) most common
-

favma) chest surgery complication

c

• Chylothorax (Chyle)
a
tramn/Hodhir's Ose
 colloids (H) -

Priscosity
- Posmoity

#i
<Albumin)
copralin
dush pull
L

I A
IN

C b. Is
Hyp 1700C

Her + Ab 200 (c
&>
Osmosis: HyO6 -
T Lester Lintao
Symptoms:
▪ Dyspnea
▪ Pleuritic pain
▪ Constant discomfort chest fulness
Levels of severity:
resolves In 10-14 days
I
o Minimal (300-500cc) mot. Supportive a symptomatic
o Moderate (500-1000 cc) Met: 1. Thorn centesis
o fills 1/3 2. NT (BT
o decreased breath sounds and hypovolemia
1. CTT
o Large (1000 cc or more)
gt:
o fills 1/2 or more /B
2. NF T
o atelectasis and hypovolemic shock
1. FWids-NSS
F9L-1R
2.

3. Blood transfusion (NSS)

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Chronic
Obstructive
Pulmonary
Disease
41
 Asthma Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Emphysema

COLD
- - ~v
-

COPD v v i
C
↑chron Airway Limitation syndromePulmonary Emphysem
A-Immonology A-Pfy
CALS ↳
empty serva 2nd
c.PfY
2 1st
Emphysema
-

42
Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange

b0z PaPz-80-100 nmity

↑102 paeoy-25-45mmity
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
Reversible obstructive Airway use
Other names:
Reactive Allergic Disorder
Disorder:
Allergic Hypersensitivity
Reversibility / Predisposing factors:

Allergens
Anxieties
Reversible -

a) Intrinsic -

3) Extrinsic
-

Ingestants
Involvement:
Ventilation -

Inhalants
-

Injectants
-

Irritant
 Allergers
b
IgE skin eosinophils] urticaria
-

↳
X Must cells (Wrgs)
b Broncho constriction
Histamine 1
unsodilation
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ASTHMA
Hallmark:
wheezing (exhalation
Other symptoms:

1.
Dyspnea/ orthopnea
chest tightness
i Nonproductive caugh Limitation)
 BRONCHITIS
✓ inflammation of the bronchioles that impairs airflow
BRONCHITIS

Other names: Centrilobular/Blue Bloater

Disorder:
Inflammatory
Reversibility / Predisposing factor:
Aute- Reversible -

LRTT
Chronic -

Irreversible
-

CIs
Involvement:
ventilation
micociliary Transport system amas
couse hairs/cilia -

macro

cells presocatessecretions
cough
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A

54
 Goblet cells
↑

I
secretions
↑

Pulmonary congestion
Blood flow
Air flow
b
restlessness pulmonale
↓of +- car
Earling
rate-C4arogis RSIF yo to
->

pulmonary HTN
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 ~
P25 unity

mamoz
HON `
Pulmonary 102-kos
is

The

58
BRONCHITIS
Hallmark: Productive cough - 3 months/year
X I consecutive
Other symptoms:

G yamogis years
bious
I rules 4 chouchi
varsual restlessness
exerilized a cen launsarcal
tigh CO2 -> respiracidiais

xertional dyspren
Distended jugular vein
EMPHYSEMA
EMPHYSEMA
Other names: Pantobular / Pink Puffers Terminal
Lurgs
Disorder:
Auto in mone
Age -

65 9
I white
steredity
Reversibility / Predisposing factor: -

2
Irreversible Asthma >bropdits
Involvement: Alveolar diffesion sex-Male
 antels
for

aler estati on --burrel-chest

↑CO2 (602)

hyperventilation ·r ansarec itin

↑RBC Lester Lintao
EMPHYSEMA
Hallmark: Barreth-chest
Other symptoms:
1. Pinkish skin tone
2. Hyperventilation
3. Dysprea
He Nonproductive cough-irritation
Management
 Bronchodilators
Beta2 - Adrenergic Xanthine Derivatives
A Agonists B 10-20 mg/dL
Examples
Salbutamol theophy live

Route
Albuter ( -
Ammoplyiline
Inhaler Om) (penteral
East-acting
Advantage
Long half-life
 Stress
BeAA, XU

shis b
A.Medulla
A. Medulla BD
b
↓ /
Epinephrine Epi &C - PBP
NE ⑭R
Morepinephrine ↳ SIE
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 Respiratory Therapy ~
Goal: Clear
1. Liquefy / Loosen the airways
a) POFI (CI: Cor pulmonale)
Humidified air
b)
2) Mucolytics, as ordered

2. Dislodge a) chest physiothempy

b) vibrations
3. Expel / Expectorate DBCT x Anti tessives

cough
I

a
-

Expectorants, as ordered
postural drainage
Suctioning
 Oxygen therapy

• Administration: A flow 0z (1-3(PM)

Economical
• Common methods:
▪Nasal cannula
-Mixes & I room air

▪Venturi mask accurate

-

->
requires weaning
 Nutrition (Diet)
SFF (3-10 x) day)
-

Soft
-
P caloric
Coping and relaxation
 A B
High-Fowler’s / Orthopneic position
↳
promote maximum air exchange

/
 Intermittent Positive
Pressure Breathing /
Ventilation (IPPB / IPPV)
-

empty serve
-

force out of
-Monitor ARG
Avoidance of allergens
 Lung exercises
a. Diaphragmatic breathing -
b Antigue
b. Pursed-lip breathing
↳
excel more s

I - E Ratio: 1:2
/
lim
Allegers &
I
Inelnoi d ance
IgE r

o
X Most cells

Hi
BC-
LD 2

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 Cromolyn Na [IntaD)
(Mast cell stabilizer)
-
inhaler
Prophylactic
SI: browsiness
Administer medications, as ordered

Fe do p i l s
as
Bronchodilators

aucbioxics
-

Mast cell stabilizers

/ -

Red-steroids SIE: sedation

steroids EDD
Epinephine
Greed-BDD [
steroids (Epipen)
Remove pulmonary irritants
Encourage rest
BY ONCHIAL
CARE
-

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