Solution

CHEMISTRY TEST

Class 12 - Chemistry

1.
(b) Formic acid
Explanation: Formic acid (HCOOH) has the polar group -OH and can form H-bond with water. Thus, formic acid is highly
soluble in water.
2.
(b) 4.01
1196
Explanation: Mass of solution = mass of solute + solvent = 196+1000= 1196g Volume of solution = 1.2
= 996.66ml

M =
2000

996.66
= 2.006 M N = M × 2 = 4.01N = 1196/1.2=996.66 ml M=2000/996.66 = 2.006 M N= M × 2 = 4.01N

3.
(c) hypertonic solution
Explanation: The plant cell will shrink when placed in a hypertonic solution.
Hypertonic solutions are more concentrated than the plant cell. The water from inside the cytoplasm of the cell diffuses out and
the plant cell is said to have become flaccid. The cytoplasm has also shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall. This
phenomenon is called plasmolysis.
4. The elevation (ΔT ) in the boiling point = 354.11 K - 353.23 K = 0.88 K
b

Substituting these values in the following equation we get

−1 −1

= 58 g mol-1
2.53Kkgmol ×1.8g×1000gkg
M2 = 0.88K×90g

Therefore, the molar mass of the solute, M2 = 58 g mol-1.

5. 1 M KCl solution dissociates in solution to give K+ and Cl- ions. K C l → K + C l Therefore its osmotic pressure (which
+ −

depends on number of solute particles) is higher than that of 1 M solutions of urea which does not dissociate or associate in
solution.
6. A...B interaction is more than A...A and B....B interaction. So there is increased attractive forces between molecules of A and B.
Hence there is a sight reduction in volume and so the mixture shows negative deviation from Raoult's law.
7.
(d) 1.57 V
2
2+
[F e ]
0.0591
Explanation: E cell = E
cell
0
− (
n
) log(
+ 4
)
[H ] ( PO2 )

2
−3
0.0591 ( 10 )
Ecell = 1.67 −
4
log
4
= 1.57V
−3 −1
( 10 ) ( 10 )

8.
(d) MnO −

Explanation: The higher the positive value of the standard reduction potential of metal ion, the higher will be its oxidizing
capacity.
Since, MnO has a value of standard reduction potential equal to 1.51 V hence it is the strongest oxidizing agent.
−

9.
(c) –1.66 V
Explanation: E o
cell
= E
o
cathods
− E
o
anods

10. Tarnished will be removed if the following reaction takes place:

3+ 2−
Al + Ag2 S → Al + 2Ag + S

E0cell = E0 (Ag2S/2Ag,S-2) - E0(Al+3/Al)

= -0.71-(-1.66)
= + 0.95 V
e.m.f. of this cell
As e.m.f. is positive, reaction will take place and tarnished will be removed.

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11. Λ ∘
m (H2 O) = Λ
∘
m
∗ + Λ
∘

m
−
H OH

It can be determine from the value of Λ (HCl), Λ (NaOH) and Λ (NaCl).

∘
m
∘
m
∘
m

Then, Λ (H O) = Λ (HCl) + Λ (NaOH) − Λ (NaCl)

∘
m 2
∘
m
∘
m
∘
m

12.
(c) Conductivity does not depend upon solvation of ions present in solution.
Explanation: Conductivity depends upon the solvation of ions present in the solution. The greater the solvation of ions, the
lesser will be its conductivity.
13.
(b) 0.3465 mol L-1min-1
Explanation: Use relation for first-order kinetics
2.303 a
t = log
k a−x

0.693 0.693
t1 = = = 10
/ k 0.0693
2

Since the half-life period of reaction= 10 min and initial concentration=10mol.

Then concentration after 10min= 5 mol (50% ).
rate of reaction = k × concentration at time t = 0.0693 × 5 = 0.3465 mol L-1min-1.
14. (a) 2.303

k
log 4

Explanation: For a first order reaction,

2.303 a 2.303 a 2.303
t = log = log = log 4
k a−x k a k

15. Activation energy is the extra energy which must be supplied to the reactants so that they can change into products.
i. It is believed that the catalyst provides an alternate pathway or reaction mechanism by reducing the activation energy between
reactants and products and hence lowering the potential energy barrier.
ii. There is no effect on activation energy with rise in temperature but number of molecules possessing energy equal to or more
than activation energy will increase.
16. i. First order reaction
ii. Rate constat (k) of reaction
iii. The unit of rate constant is time-1
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
18.
(c) CuF2

Explanation: Cu2+ has 1 unpaired electron in CuF​2 molecule, hence it is coloured in solid state.

19.
(b) KMnO4 oxidises HCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidising agent.
Explanation: HCl is not used to make the medium acidic in oxidation reactions of (potassium permanganate) KMnO4 in acidic
medium. The reason is that if HCl is used, the oxygen produced from KMnO4 + HCl is partly utilized in oxidizing HCl to Cl,
which itself acts as an oxidizing agent and partly oxidises the reducing agent.
20. (a) Dimethylglyoxime
Explanation: Ni2+ forms complex with DMG which is red in colour.

21. Zr, a member of the 4d series and Hf, a member of the 5d series, belong to the same group. Their chemical and physical properties
are so similar that their separation is difficult. This is due to the fact that both have the same atomic size due to lanthanide
contraction. The atomic radii of these elements are 160 pm(Zr) and 159 pm(Hf).

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22. According to n + 1 rule: For 3d = n + 1 = 5
4s = n + 1 = 4
Therefore, the electron will enter in 4s orbital first and then in 3d orbitals. ionization enthalpy is responsible for the ionization of
atom. The electron present in 4s orbital are loosely held by the nucleus. So electrons are removed from 4s orbital prior to 3d
orbital.
23.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Change in colour is due to the oxidation of alcohol with potassium dichromate. K2Cr2O7 in the presence of
dilute H2SO4 acts as an oxidising agent. It is converted into chromic sulphate which is green in colour.
K2 C r2 O7 + 4H2 SO 4 → K2 SO 4 + C r2 (SO 4 )3 + 4H2 O + 3/2O2
(orange) (Green)

24.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Transition metals have higher melting points till the middle of the series, then their melting point decreases. This
is due to the number of lone pairs in the metal, which makes the metal stronger.
25.
(b) Cu
Explanation: On moving left to right along period, metallic radius decreases while mass increases. Decrease in metallic radius
coupled with increase in atomic mass results in increase in density of transition metal. Hence, among the given four choices Cu
belongs to right side of Periodic Table in transition metal, and it has the highest density equal to (8.9 g/cm3)
26.
(d) Neopentane
Explanation: Neopentane has all same type of hydrogen and has molecular weight 72u.
27. (a) All of these
Explanation: Since halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon, the carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halide is polarized;
the carbon atom bears a partial positive charge whereas the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge.
28.
(d) Cyclopentane
Explanation: Cyclopentane is nearly inert chemically, they react with halogens in the presence of light through the substitution
of one hydrogen atoms. Since the cyclic structure confers a high degree of symmetry on the molecule, only one monochloro
cyclopentane is possible.

29. i. We can figure out from the name that it is a pentane i.e. a 5 C alkane to which -Cl group is attached at position 2 and -CH3
group is attached at position 3 so the structure of the compound isC H 3 − C H − C H − C H2 − C H3
| |

Cl CH3

ii. It is a cyclohexane means it is a 6 C ring to which -Cl is attached on position 1 and -C2H5 is attached at position 4, so the
structure of the compound is

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 iii. We can figure out from the name that it is a heptane i.e. a 7 C alkane to which -I group is attached at position 3 and -C(CH3)3
I

1 2 | 4 5 6 7

group is attached at position 3 so the structure of the compound isC H 3 − C H2 −

3
C H − C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H3
|

C H3 −C−C H3

CH3

iv. The given compound is an alkene with 4 C to which -Br is attached at positions 1 and 4 so the structure is
1 2 3 4

Br − C H2 − C H = C H − C H2 − Br

v. It is a benzene ring to which-Br is attached at position 1, -CH3 is attached at position 2 and sec-butyl group at position 4, so
the structure is as shown

30.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: As the size of the alkyl groups increases, the SN2 reactivity decreases, further C - Cl bond is stronger and more
difficult to cleave than C - Br bond. So CH3Br is more reactive than (CH3)2CHCl.

31. (a) Williamson's synthesis

Explanation: Williamson’s synthesis: When an alkyl halide reacts with sodium alkoxide, ether is formed. This reaction is
known as Williamson’s synthesis. The reaction generally follows the SN2 mechanism for primary alcohols.
+
′ ¨ ¨ ′
R − X + R − ON a → R − O − R + N a X
⋅⋅ ⋅⋅

′
W illiamso n s synthesis

32.
(c) 2 - Ethoxy - 1, 1 - dimethylcyclohexane
Explanation: Lowest set of locants: The lowest set of locants is defined as the set that, when compared term by term with
other locant sets, each cited in order of increasing value, has the lowest term at the first point of difference.
With regard to numbering of locants, simple prefixes (simple substituent groups consisting of just one part that describes an
atom, or group of atoms as a unit, for example methyl and ethoxy) are considered together with equal seniority:
Therefore, the given compound is named as 2-ethoxy-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane rather than 1-ethoxy-2,2-dimethylcyclohexane
since the locant set ‘1, 1, 2’ is lower than ‘1, 2, 2’.

33.

34. i. Propan-2-ol to propanone:

CrO3 −P CC

H3 C − C H − C H3 −−−−−−−→ H3 C − C − C H3
| ||
Oxidation
OH O

P ropan−2−ol P ropanone

ii. Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol:

35.
(b) PhCOCH2CH3
Explanation: Hydration of given alkyne will occur according to Markovnikoff's rule leading to the formation of enol which

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 will tautomerise to give keto form.
The general reaction of alkyne hydrations shown below:

Same reaction will occur with

+ 2+
H3 O ,H g

P hC ≡ C M e −−−−−−−→? P hC (OH) = C HC H3 ⇔ P hC OC H2 C H3 .

36.
(d) 1, 1 dichloroethane
Explanation: CH3CHCl2 + OH- → CH3CH(OH)2 → CH3CHO + H2O
Gem diols like (CH3CH(OH)2 ) are generally not stable. The 2 -OH group attached to the same C removes H2O and forms
carbonyl compounds.
37. Completed reaction are given below:
Zn

i. R-CHO −−→ R-CH3 + H2O (Clemmensen reduction)

HCl

ii.

+ HNO2 ⟶ H3C-COOH + NH3

38. i.

ii.

Dil.N aOH 4 3 2 1

39. i. 2C H 3 C HO −−−−−−−−−−−−→ C H3 − C HOH − C H2 − C HO

Ethanal (Aldol condensation) 3−Hrdroxybu tan al

N aBH4 4 3 2 1

−−−−−−−→ C H3 − C HOH − C H2 C H2 OH
(Re duction) Bu tan e−1,3−diol

Dil.N aOH 4 3 2 1

ii. 2C H 3 C HO −−−−−−−−−−−−→ C H3 − C HOH − C H2 − C HO

Ethanal (Aldol condensation) 3−Hrdroxybu tan al
+
H3 O /Δ

−−−−−→ C H3 − C H = C H − C HO
− H2 O Bu t −2−enal
+ −
As in (ii) [Ag (N H3 )2 ] OH

iii. C H 3 C HO −−−−−→ C H3 C H = C HC HO −−−−−−−−−−→ C H3 C H = C HC O2 H

Ethanal But−2−enal ′
above T olle n s reagent

40.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Oxidation of aldehyde is easier than ketones.
The difference between an aldehyde and ketone is the presence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon-oxygen double bond
in the aldehyde. Ketone doesn't have that hydrogen attached.
O O

|| ||
′
R− C − H R− C − R
Aldehyde Ketone

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 Due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the C=O group, the C−H bond in aldehyde is weak and thus it can be easily oxidised
to corresponding Carboxylic acid.
C-C bond ketone is stronger than the C-H bond of aldehydes.
41. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Hydroxy acetones are not directly used in the Grignard reaction because Grignard reagents are highly reactive so
react with a hydroxyl group.
42. Specific condutance decreases on dilution of electrolyte solution.
43. The correct order of equivalent conductance at infinite dilution is KCl > NaCl > LiCl.
44. In KCl electrolyte solution Λ and Λ are equal.
m e

45. The conductance of a solution of an electrolyte is equal to that of its specific conductance. The cell constant of the conductivity
cell is equal to the unity.
46. (d) scandium
Explanation: scandium
47. (b) decreases
Explanation: decreases
48. (d) FeCr2O4
Explanation: FeCr2O4

49. (d) VO​2+

Explanation: VO​2+
50. (b) tetrahedral
Explanation: tetrahedral
51. (a) phenoxide ion is resonance stabilised
Explanation: phenoxide ion is resonance stabilised
52. (c) carbolic acid
Explanation: Phenol (Carbolic acid) is a weaker acid than carbonic acid (H2CO3) and does not liberate CO2 on treatment with
an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
53. (a) (IV) > (III) > (I) > (II)
Explanation:
The order of acidic strength is,

54. (c) II > IV > I > III

Explanation: Weaker acids have higher pKa.
-OCH3 at meta-position exerts only -I effect, hence increases the acidity.
- I effect order : - NO2 > - OCH3 > - Cl.
-CH3 has +I effect. So, the order is II > IV > I > III.

55. (c)

Explanation: -NO, exhibits both -I and -R influence to stabilise the corresponding phenoxide. In ortho derivative,

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 intermolecular H-bonding lowers the acidity.
56. (a) Isopropyl alcohol

Explanation: Iodoform test is given by the organic compounds having group.

C6H5 - CH2 - OH : Benzyl alcohol

Therefore, isopropyl alcohol will give positive iodoform test.
57. (d) ICH2COCH2I
Explanation: Iodoform reaction of acetone occurs in following steps:
O O

|| ||

CH3 − C − CH3 + NaOI ⟶ CH3 − C − CH2 I + NaOH

O O

|| ||

CH3 − C − CH2 I + NaOI ⟶ CH3 − C − CHI 2 + NaOH

O O

|| ||

CH3 − C − CHI 2 + NaOI ⟶ CH3 − C − CI3 + NaOH

||

CH3 − C − Cl3 + NaOH ⟶ CH3 COONa + CHI 3

58. (c)

Explanation: Given reagents indicate the presence of —COCH3 group in the starting compound A. Further, since the —
COOH group introduced in B due to iodoform reaction is absent in the final product, B should be a β -keto acid. Hence, A
should have structure given in option.

59. (b)

Explanation:

60. (b) propanone and 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-hepta-dien-4-one

Explanation: Since compound A(C3H6O ) undergoes iodoform test, it must be CH3COCH3 (propanone). Further, the
compound ‘B’ obtained from ‘A’ has three times more the number of carbon atoms as in ‘A’ (propanone), ‘B’ must be phorone,
i.e., 2 ,6-dimethyl-2, 5-heptadien-4-one.
(CH3 ) C = O + H3 CCOCH3 + O = C(CH3 ) (CH3 ) C = CHCOCH = C(CH3 )
2 2 2 2
A, propanone(3molecules) 2, 6−dimethyl−2,5−heptadien−4−one

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