LESSON – 3

(i) PREPOSITIONS

,y; In ,jpy; In this

,Ue;J From mjpypUe;J From that
f;F To tPl;Lf;F To the house
cld;/$l With mjDld; With that
gw;wp About mtid gw;wp About him
fhf For mtDf;fhf For him
kdpjd; + My; By vd;dhy; By me
nghUs; + My; With Ngdhthy; With pen
tpl Than mtid tpl Than him
Fs; Into Room-Fs; Into the room
kPJ Onto Chair kPJ Onto the chair
tiu Till mJ tiu Till that
mbapy; Under ,jw;F mbapy; Under this
fPNo Below ,jw;F fPNo Below this
kPJ On ,jd; kPJ On this
NkNy Above Window-f;F Above the
NkNy window
Subject + NkNy On mtd; NkNy On him
NkNy + verb Up NkNy Ngh Go up
Subject + Kd;dhb In front of filf;F In front of the
Kd;dhb shop
Kd;dhb+ verb Front Kd;dhb Ngh Go to the front
Subject + gpd;dhb Behind filf;F gpd;dhb Behind the shop
gpd;dhb + Verb Back gpd;dhb Ngh Go back
Kd;/ Kd;G Before mjw;F Kd; Before that
gpd;/gpwF After mjw;F gpd; After that
topahf/%ykhf Through mjd; topahf Through that
vjpNu Opposite to ,jw;F vjpNu Opposite to this
eLtpy; Between ,jw;Fk; mjw;Fk; Between this
eLtpy; and that
mLj;jJ Next to mtDf;fLj;jJ Next to him
jtpu Except mtis jtpu Except her
mUfpy; Near mjd; mUfpy; Near that
lk;/fpl;l At/To vd;dplk; At me/ To me

Dk;/Ak; vd;idAk; Me too/ Me also

Too/Also mJTk;
Tk;/$l That too/
That also
jhd; Only vd;id jhd; Me only
kl;Lk; Only vd;id kl;Lk; Only me

(ii) Sentences with prepositions

kPJ- on

eP table kPJ it
You keep on the table

You keep the table

eP table-I it
Prepositions mjpfkhf secondary subjects cld; jhd; tUk;...

mts; cld; mth; NkNy mtd; mUfpy; mtid gw;wp

With her On him Near him About him

mtDf;F mLj;jJ mtSf;fhf mtd; %ykhf

Next to him For her Through him

mq;fpUe;J ,jpypUe;J mtdplkpUe;J gPNuhtpypUe;J

From there From this From him From bureau

,jpy; tPl;by; ,e;j ,lj;jpy;

In this In the house In this place

y;- in

ve;j xU vehicle cld; ‘th/Ngh” vd;w verbs te;jhy;> me;j

sentence-y; ‘y;” ,Ue;jhYk;> mij English-y; nrhy;Yk; NghJ ‘by”
jhd; nrhy;yDk;. ‘th/Ngh” jtpu kw;w verbs-fSf;F y; in/on

Vehicles- y; + ‘th/Ngh’ => by

Bus-y; th : Come by bus
Car-y; Ngh : Go by car
Bike-y; th : Come by bike
Flight-y; Ngh : Go by flight
Car-y; cl;fhh; : Sit in the car
Auto-y fhj;jpU : Wait in the auto
Bus-y; fhj;jpU : Wait on the bus
tz;bapy; NghL : Put (it) in/on the vehicle

y; - in => on (kPJ)

Bench-y; cl;fhh; : Sit on the bench

jiuapy; it : Keep on the floor
Rthpy; fpWf;fhNj : Don’t scribble on the wall

tPl;Lf;F th : Come home

Office-f;F Ngh : Go to office
Ngq;Ff;F Ngh : Go to bank
vdf;fhf : For me
mtHfSf;fhf : For them
mtDf;fhf nra; : Do for him (his sake)
vdf;fhf nrhy; : Tell for me
mtHfSf;fhf Nfs; : Ask for them
uhzpf;fhf th : Come for Rani
mtHfis gw;wp : About them
ek;ik gw;wp : About us
mtis gw;wp Nfs; : Ask about her
,tid gw;wp nrhy; : Tell about him
mij gw;wp vOJ : Write about that
,ij gw;wp gb : Study about this
vd;Dld; : With me
cd;Dld; : With you
,e;j Gj;jfj;Jld; : With this book
me;j ig cld; : With that bag
mtHfSld; Ngh : Go with them
vd;Dld; rhg;gpL : Have your food with me
mtDld; ,U : Be with him
vd;dplkpUe;J : From me
mq;fpUe;J : From there
mjpypUe;J : From that
gPNuhtpypUe;J vL : Take from the bureau
mtsplkpUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs; : Take from her
mtdplkpUe;J Muk;gp : Start from him
mtHfsplkpUe;J thq;F : Buy from them
uFtplkpUe;J Nfs; : Ask from Raghu
,jpy; : In this
mjpy; : In that
,e;j ,lj;jpy; : In this place
,jpy; NghlhNj : Don’t put in this
chair-y; : On the chair (In the chair)
jiuapy; : On the floor
jiyapy; : On the head
cd; %ykhf : Through you
vd; %ykhf : Through me
mtd; %ykhf : Through him
mtHfs; %ykhf thq;F : Buy through them
fPNo Ngh : Go down
fPNo ,U : Stay down
fPNo th : Come down
fPNo cl;fhH : Sit down
vd;dplk; / vq;fpl;l : To me / At me
cd;dplk; / cq;fpl;l : To you / At you
mtdplk; : To him / At him
mtHfsplk; Nfs; : Ask them
vq;fsplk; mDg;G : Send to us
 Dk;/Ak; :
Too/ Also
Tk;/$l

rPjhTk; : Seetha too/ Seetha also

rPjhTk; uhkhTk; : Seetha and Rama

,JTk; : This too/ This also

,JTk; mJTk; : This and that

eLtpy; - Between
vdf;Fk; cdf;Fk; eLtpy; : Between you and me
rPjhTf;Fk; fPjhTf;Fk; eLtpy; : Between Seetha and Geetha
mjw;Fk; ,jw;Fk; eLtpy; : Between this and that

ePAk; : You too / You also

vd;idAk; : Me too / Me also
ehDk; : I too / I also
mtHfisAk; : Them too / Them also
mtHfSk; : They too / They also
uh[hTk; utpAk; : Raja and Ravi
ngd;rpYk; NgdhTk; : Pencil and pen
ePAk; Ngh : You too go
vdf;nfjpNu : Opposite to me
mtidAk; Nfs; : Ask him too
ekf;nfjpNu : Opposite to us
mth;fSf;F vjpNu : Opposite to them
vd; mUfpy; : Near me
ek; mUfpy; : Near us
mtd; mUfpy; epy; : Stand near him
fz;zhy; : By eyes / With eyes
ifahy; : By hand/ With hand
tz;bapy; Ngh : Go by vehicle
(Travel by bus / Take a bus)
tz;bapy; ,U : Stay in the vehicle
g];]py; Ngh : Go by bus
fhhpy; fhj;jpU : Wait in the car
ifapy; vOJ : Write by hand
fz;zhy; ghh; : See by eyes
fj;jpahy; : With knife
Ngdhthy; : With pen
fj;jpahy; ntl;L : Cut with knife
ngd;rpyhy; vOjhNj : Don’t write with pencil
mtid tpl : Than him
vd;id tpl : Than me
mtis tpl : Than her

(iii) Sentences with prepositions (Part – 2)

NkNy + Verb = Up
NkNy th : Come up
NkNy Ngh : Go up
mij NkNy it : Keep that up
NkNy NghfhNj : Don’t go up
NkNy ,Ue;J fPNo th : Come down from upstairs

Subject + NkNy = On (kPJ)

vd; NkNy : On me
mtd; NkNy : On him
,jd; NkNy : On this
Table-f;F NkNy : On the table
TV NkNy itf;fhNj : Don’t keep on the TV
NkNy = Above

ekf;F NkNy : Above us

Line-f;F NkNy : Above the line
,e;j filf;F NkNy vd; tPL : My house is above this shop
,Uf;F
Average-f;F NkNy : Above average
mtd; jd; jiyf;F NkNy ifia : He raised his hands above
cah;j;jpdhd; his head

fPNo + Verb = Down

fPNo th : Come down

fPNo cl;fhuhNj : Don’t sit down
mij fPNo it : Keep that down
fPNo NghfhNj : Don’t go down
g];]pypUe;J fPNo ,wq;F : Get down from the bus

Subject + fPNo = Below

,jw;F fPNo : Below this
Average-f;F fPNo : Below average
vy;NyhUk; mtDf;F fPNo : He thought everyone
,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;W mtd; was below him
epidj;jhd;

gpd;dhb - Behind/Back
Subject + gpd;dhb = Behind
Verb+ gpd;dhb = Back
mtd; gpd;dhb : Behind him
S

gpd;dhb Ngh : Go back (jpUk;gp Ngh)

V

mtd; gpd;dhb Ngh : Go behind him

S V
 ,jd; gpd;dhb : Behind this
S

gpd;dhb it : Keep back (jpUk;g it)

V

,jd; gpd;dhb it : Keep behind this

S V

Kd;dhb - In front of / Front

Subject + Kd;dhb = In front of
Verb + Kd;dhb = Front

Mobility Mobility
,Ug;gJ ,y;yhjJ
(th> el>Ngh...) (epy;> cl;fhh;...)
“to the” “at the”

vd; Kd;dhb : In front of me

S

Gate Kd;dhb : In front of the gate

S

Kd;dhb Ngh : Go to the front

V

Kd;dhb epy; : Stand at the front (of)

V

Bank-f;F Kd;dhb : In front of the bank

f;F
filf;F gpd;dhb : Behind the shop
f;F
vd; school-f;F vjpNu : Opposite to my school
f;F

,jpypUe;J (,jpy; + ,Ue;J) igapypUe;J (igapy; + ,Ue;J)

y; y;

From this From (the) bag

kuj;Jf;F mbapy; : Under the tree
ehw;fhypf;F mbapy; : Under the chair
fl;bYf;F mbapy; : Under the cot
kUj;Jtkidf;Fs; : Into the hospital
6-k; Njjpf;Fs; : By 6th / Before 6th
9-k; Njjpf;Fs; : By 9th / Before 9th
nts;spf;fpoikf;Fs; : By Friday / Before Friday
10 kzpf;Fs; : By 10 / Before 10
vd;id jtpu : Except me
cd;id jtpu : Except you
mtid jtpu : Except him

(iv) 5 EXCEPTIONS - Before, After, Till, Too, Only

Before, After, Till, Too, Only cld;...

Primary Subject - Primary Subject
Secondary Subject - Secondary Subject

ehd; NghFk; Kd; - Before I go

vdf;F Kd; - Before me
ehd; Nghd gpd; - After I go
vdf;F gpd; - After me
ehd; NghFk; tiu - Till I go
vd; tiu - Till me
ehDk; (ehd; + Dk;) - I too/ I also
vd;idAk; (vd;id + Ak;) - Me too/ Me also
ehd; jhd; - I only
vd;id jhd; - Me only
ehd; kl;Lk; - Only I
vd;id kl;Lk; - Only me
Usage of Before, After, Till...

(a) Verb cld; kl;Lk; te;jhy; verb + ‘ing’ tUk;

tUk; Kd; : Before coming
Nghd gpd; : After going
nrhd;d gpd; : After telling
NgRk; Kd; : Before speaking
J}q;Fk; Kd; : Before sleeping / Before going to bed
mDg;gpa gpd; : After sending

(b) Verb + [I/ You/ We/ They/ Names (plural) ]

te;jhy; verb + ‘ing’ Nghlf;$lhJ

ehd; tUk; Kd; : Before I come

eP Nghd gpd; : After you go
,th;fs; nrhd;d gpd; : After they tell
mth;fs; thq;Fk; tiu : Till they buy
ehq;fs; ghh;j;j gpd; : After we see
thRTk; tpRTk; vLf;Fk; tiu : Till Vasu and Visu take

(c) Verb + [He/ She/ This/ That/ Name (singular) ]

te;jhy; verb + ‘s’ NghlDk;

mtd; tUk; Kd; : Before he comes

,ts; Nghd gpd; : After she goes
mts; nrhd;d gpd; : After she tells
mtd; nra;Ak; tiu : Till he does
uF nfhz;L te;j gpd; : After Raghu brings
thR vLf;Fk; tiu : Till Vasu takes
 jhd;- Only
mtid jhd; : Him only
mtis jhd; : Her only
uh[hit jhd; : Raja only
nts;spf;fpoik jhd; : On Friday only

kl;Lk; - Only
mtid kl;Lk; : Only him
mtis kl;Lk; : Only her
uh[hit kl;Lk;; : Only Raja
nts;spf;fpoik kl;Lk; : Only on Friday

mth;fSf;fLj;jJ : Next to them

ekf;fLj;jJ : Next to us
,jw;fLj;jJ : Next to this
ehis jhd; : Tomorrow only
md;W jhd; : That day only
mg;nghOJ kl;Lk; : Only that time / Only at that time
utp kl;Lk; : Only Ravi
2-k; Njjp kl;Lk; : Only on 2nd
Qhapw;Wf;fpoik kl;Lk; : Only on Sunday

(v) Sentences with prepositions

1. ehd; tUk; Kd;> eP NghfhNj.

2 1

You don’t go, before I come.

2. mtd; nrhd;d gpwF> mts; nra;ths;.

2 1

She will do, after he tells.

3. uhzp NghFk; Kd;> eP rPjhit mDg;G.
2 1

You send Seetha, before Rani leaves.

4. ehq;fs; nrhy;Yk; tiu> eP fhj;jpU.

2 1

You wait, till we tell.

5. NtYTk; utpAk; te;j gpd;> eP fpsk;G.

2 1

You move, after Velu and Ravi come.

I - am
1. ehd; cdf;F mLj;jJ. (Mf ,Uf;fpNwd;)
You I am next to you.
We - are
They 2. eP vdf;F mLj;jJ.
Names (P) You are next to me.
He
She 3. ehq;fs; mth;fSf;F mLj;jJ.
This - is We are next to them.
It
That
Name (S) 4. mtd; ekf;F mLj;jJ.
He is next to us.

5. epyh vdf;F mLj;jJ ,y;iy.

Nila is not next to me.

6. epyhTk; \PghTk; vdf;F mLj;jJ ,y;iy>

mth;fs; NrhKTf;F mLj;jJ.
Nila and Sheeba are not next to me,
they are next to Somu.
 ,Uf;fpwJ> Singular - There is
cs;sJ - There is/ There are Plural - There are

Nlgps; NkNy xU mobile : There is a mobile on the table.

cs;sJ.
mtd; tPl;Lf;F vjpNu xU ATM : There is an ATM opposite to
,Uf;F. his house.
vd; tPl;by; current ,y;iy. : There is no power in my house.
,e;j Chpy; 4 Indian bank : There are 4 Indian bank
fpisfs; cs;sd. branches in this town.
me;j ,lj;jpy; 7 ngl;bfs; : There are 7 boxes in that
,Uf;fpwJ. place.
mts; office-f;F Kd;dhb xU : There is a tree in front of her
kuk; ,Uf;F. office.
,e;j fl;blj;jpw;F vjpNu xU : There is a statue opposite to
rpiy ,Uf;fpwJ. this building.
Rack kPJ ve;j Gj;jfKk; : There is no book on the rack.
,y;iy.

tpl - Than

mij tpl ,J nghpaJ. : This is bigger than that.

eP mtis tpl cauk;. : You are taller than her.

,ij tpl mJ tpiy mjpfk;. : That is costlier than this.

mtd; Rghi\ tpl ey;ytd;. : He is better than Subash.

,e;j book-[ tpl me;j book : That book is better than this
ey;yJ. book.

me;j cdit tpl ,e;j cdT : This food is tastier than that.
Urpahf cs;sJ.
mtd; uFit tpl Nghrk;. : He is worse than Raghu.
fhyj;jpy;/ NghJ : During
Neuj;jpdpilNa

mth; thu ,Wjpapy; Ntiy : He never works during

nra;tNj ,y;iy. weekends.

gfypy; #upad; xspUk;. : The sun shines during the day.

ehd; gfypy; kl;Lk; jhd; Ntiy : I work only during the day.
nra;Ntd;.

mts; fhiy cdtpd; NghJ : She was silent during

mikjpahf ,Ue;jhs;. breakfast.

Nfhil fhyj;jpy; nuhk;g : It’s very hot during summer.

c\dkhf ,Uf;fpwJ / cs;sJ.

ehd; ,y;yhj rkaj;jpy; : Behave yourself during my

xOq;fhf ele;Jf;nfhs;. absence.

,uT Neuj;jpy; jP gpbj;jJ. : The fire broke out during the

night.