Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communications
Tenth Edition
by William Stallings
140
Web browsing
100
Peer-to-peer
80 Streaming media
60
40
20
* Digital electronics
Emergence of High-Speed LANs
Personal computers and microcomputer
workstations have become an essential tool for
office workers Explosive growth
of speed and
computing power
Two of personal
significant computers
trends altered LANs have been
the recognized as a
requirements viable and
of the LAN essential
computing
platform
Trans-
Trans- Destination
Source mission Receiver
mitter
System
(b) Example
Trans-
Trans- Destination
Source mission Receiver
mitter
System
1 2 3 4 5 6
Input Input data Transmitted Received Output data Output
information g(t) signal signal g'(t) information
m s(t) r(t) m'
Voice Data
Image Video
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Typically
consist of a number of
interconnected switching nodes
Wide Area Networks
Alternative technologies used include:
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Frame relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Circuit Switching
Uses a dedicated communications path
Connected sequence of physical links
between nodes
Logical channel dedicated on each link
Rapid transmission
The most common example of circuit
switching is the telephone network
Packet Switching
Data are sent out in a sequence of small
chunks called packets
Packets are passed from node to node
along a path leading from source to
destination
Packet-switching networks are commonly
used for terminal-to-terminal computer and
computer-to-computer communications
Frame Relay
Local Area
Network Router
Router
Router
Residential
subscribers
Backbone Backbone
ISP ISP
Regional
ISP
g
pe erin
va te
Pri
Server
ISP Web
farm
LAN Regional
switch ISP
Regional
ISP
Server
Server
Corporate
LAN open circle = NAP
filled circle = POP
Enterprise
network
(main campus) Enterprise
network
(branch)
IP
backbone
Public cellular
network
Residential Wi-Fi
Ethernet LAN network
Networking
icons:
Core Edge/aggregate Router Router with Ethernet ATM Wi-Fi access
router router firewall switch switch point
Figure 1.7 A Networking Configuration
Summary