Vector

Coordinate System
Cartesian Coordinate
Any point P is labeled with the coordinate
Cartesian from polar
X = r cosθ
Y = r sinθ
Polar Coordinate
Any point P is labeled with the coordinate (r,θ)
r = magnitude is the lengt
θ = is the angle between a line drawn from the origin to the point and a fixed axis
Polar form chartesian
r = √(𝑥^2+𝑦^2 )
θ = tan^(-1) y/x

Vector and Scalar Quantities

Scalar
A scalar quantity is completely specified by a single valu with an appropriate No direction
Example:
Temperature
Volume
Mass
Vector
A vector quantity is completely specified by a number units plus a direction
Example:
Velocity
Displacement
Force
Electric field
Arrow is written over the symbol for the vector 𝐴 ⃗
Tail —> Head
The number of the vector A is written A or |A|
Note: the magnitude of a vector is always a positive number

Some Properties of vectors

Vector AB is called the displacement vector
Vectors are physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction
 Both magnitude/ length are equal
Two vectors are considered equal if |A| = |B| and they point in the same direction

If we wanted to add vector B to A

R ⃗= 𝐴 ⃗+ B ⃗
To find the magnitude
r = √(𝑥^2+𝑦^2 )
Direction
θ = tan^(-1) Ry/Rx

Components of a Vector
Vector A can be represented as:
A =Ax+Ay
And Ax, Ay are called vector components

Note that: The signs of vector’s components depend on the quadrant in which the vector is located.
Units vectors along x, y, and z directions, are called î , ĵ and k
Vectors Addition and Subtracting
Sum of vectors using components
Suppose that we wish to add vector B to vector A
A has the components Ax , Ay
B has the components Bx , By
We do the same thing in subtracting like sum but with different sign (-)
We take i together and j together with their numbers، and then we subtract

Vectors product
Scalar and vector is the result of the product
The result of the scalar is equal zero if
θ = 90 or 270 degrees
And also i * i = j * j = 1
But i * j = 0
The result of the vector equal zero if
θ = 0 or 180 degrees
Also j * j = k * k= i * i = 1
But j * i = k
The scalar product of two vectors is
A * B = ABcosθ B
But with it’s self is A * A = |A| |A| Cos0
Suppose there are two vectors a and b, vector a is perpendicular or orthogonal to b, so the angle between them is θ = π/
2=90
The scalar product is A*B = |A| |B| cos(π/2)=0