SELECTION OF MATERIAL

SERVICE REQUIREMENT
- Strength - Hardness
- Elasticity - Toughness
- Corrosion Resistance - Heat Resistance
- Thermal Expansion - Electrical Properties
- Suitable Weight - Magnetic Properties
- Fatigue Resistance - Creep Resistance
- Bearing Properties - Thermal Conductivity
FABRICATION REQUIREMENT
- Malleability - Machinability
- Ductility - Cast ability
- Ease of joining - Respond of heat treatment
ECONOMIC REQUIREMENT
- Cost of Material - Cost of Machining
- Cost of Joining - Cost of Casting of Working
 Properties of Piping Material
Mechanical Properties
- Stress - Strain
- Stress – Strain Relations - Elastic Limit
- Proportional Limit - yield Strength
- Yield Point - Tensile Strength
- Compressive Strength - Shear Strength
- Breaking Load - Proof Strength
- Ductility - Elongation
- Reduction of Area - Modulus of Elasticity
- Hardness and Toughness - Hardness-Tensile Strength Relation
Physical Properties
- Density - Thermal Expansion or Contraction
- Electrical Conductivity - Thermal Conductivity
- Melting Temperature - Specific Heat
- Magnetic Permeability
Metallurgical Properties (Chemical Properties)
- Structure of Metals
Elevated – Temperature Properties
- Short - Time Properties
- Creep and Stress – rupture Properties
- Creep and Stress – rupture Test
Low Temperature Properties
- Brittle Behavior of Metals
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8 main causes that can damage the piping system
despite being well designed

1. Excessive Stress
2. External Loading
3. Hydrogen Embrittlement
4. Hydrogen Blistering
5. Mechanical Fatigue & Shock
6. Thermal Fatigue & Shock
7. Over pressure / Over heat
8. Change of fluid flow